Selecting a Product for Wax Remediation: From Characterization of Field Wax Deposits to Improvement of Treatment Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina I. S. Aguiar ◽  
Antonio A. Pontifes ◽  
Jonathan Rogers ◽  
Amir Mahmoudkhani
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Static Flow ◽  
Production Tubing

Abstract Wax deposition is one of the known challenges of flow assurance management in upstream oil production and operations demanding continuous improvements and the search for more effective prevention and remediation methods. At the same time, there are no universally agreed upon test methods to evaluate the efficiency and mechanisms related to the chemical treatments. The objective of this paper is to present and debate different methods to evaluate the effectiveness of batch treatments for remediation of wax deposits and compare commonly applied solvents with fluids containing biosurfactants. One of the presented methods is a new test methodology that simulates dynamic and quasi-static flow regimes in production tubing and pipelines, as benchmarked methods, showed that the chemical treatments with biosurfactants, besides being a greener, sustainable option, were more efficient at dispersing wax deposits than the traditional solvent treatments.

Characterization of flow regimes in two phase flow using wavelet analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munzarin Morshed ◽  
Syed Imtiaz ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Bovine pericardium for heart valve bioprostheses:in vitro andin vivo characterization of new chemical treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pasquino ◽  
S. Pascale ◽  
M. Andreon ◽  
S. Rinaldi ◽  
F. Laborde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Chemical Treatments

scholarly journals Solvo-thermal Assisted-Synthesis; Experimental and Theoretical Characterization; and Biological Evaluations of Azo-Chelator-Ligand Chelates of Fe(II) and Zn(II) ions

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Festus Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Bivalent Ions ◽  
Iron Sulphate ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Micro Analysis

Background and Objectives: The resistance of microbes against anti-bacteriological drugs leading to countless deaths and terminal ailments remains a basis for concern. Hence, the main interest of this study was to design, synthesize and report unusual compounds with basic hydrophilic moieties plus hydrophobic functions for anti-bacteriological studies. Materials and Methods: Analytical (melting points, micro-analysis (C. H.N.S) magnetic susceptibility (µeff), molar conductance plus solubility test) methods; spectral (Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- plus 13C-NMR), electronic(UV-Vis)) measurements; theoretical (DFT) evaluations were utilized for the characterization of the chelator and its chelates. All synthesized compounds were examined for antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials while the chelator was singly evaluated for solvent extractive capacity. Results: A nitrogenous based chelator-ligand, (E)-1-(((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)imino)methyl) naphthalen-2-ol(LH) synthesized through reflux-condensation reaction of 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine with 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde was acquired. Further reflux of the chelator-ligand with bivalent ions of iron-sulphate and zinc-acetate salts plus 2,2’-bipyridine resulted into separate bivalent-heteroleptic metallic chelates. The deprotonated nitrogen of the amine moiety and carbon of the carbonyl gave rise to the chelator-ligand with N2O2 chromophore detected around the metallic atom in the chelates. The µeff data plus UV-Vis spectral values of the chelates conformed to 6-coordinate octahedral geometry. All the chelates were high spin and non-ionic in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The antimicrobial and antioxidant screening of the compounds presented moderate to fantastic results, while the metallic extractive proficiency of the chelator showed outstanding extractability for Fe2+ and Zn2+ions with an efficiency of 79.34% and 51.92% correspondingly. Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds are novel and demonstrated prospective biological, plus metallic ions’ extractive potentials required for designs plus isolation of products also for such actions.

Characterization of Laminar Transient Flow Regimes and Mixing in T-shaped Micromixers

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dreher ◽  
Norbert Kockmann ◽  
Peter Woias
Keyword(s):  
Transient Flow ◽  
Flow Regimes

DRIFT spectroscopic characterization of coal samples modified by chemical treatments

Fuel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 1549-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor E. Nosyrev ◽  
Rene Gruber ◽  
Denise Cagniant ◽  
Andrzej Krzton ◽  
Janusz Pajak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Chemical Treatments

The Coarse Particle Influence on the Strength of Wax Deposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Qiyu Huang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yaping Li ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wax deposition has always been an essential issue for flow assurance, especially in subsea pipelines. The coarse particles, which are usually measured in millimeters, will be carried out by oil flow during the deep-water oil fields production. However, due to insufficient understanding of the structure of wax deposits and the complexity of sandy crude oil deposition, the interaction between coarse particles and wax deposits in the pipeline have rarely been investigated. In this paper, the effect of coarse particles on the yield stress of wax deposits has been studied. The sample was mixed at reversible structure temperature so that the impact of shear history could be eliminated, and the rapid particle settlement at high temperature could be avoided. Experimental results have found that there is a critical fraction in coarse particle influences, below which a small number of coarse particles added will lead to a slight increase in bulk yield stress. On the contrary, a dramatic decrease in yield stress when exceeding the critical mass fraction and increasingly marked enhancement of yield stress as the fraction increases. This phenomenon has been explicated microscopically by the structural interaction between coarse particles and wax deposits. The interlock between wax crystals is the major contribution of the structure as the less particle fraction contains. Even though the silica sand is a typical non-colloidal particle, the asphaltene and resin could be absorbed on the surface of particles and forming a cluster of colloidal particles. As the fraction of particles slightly increased, the slip between colloidal particles and wax crystal interlock accelerates structural failure. Nevertheless, more particles involved the overall yield stress may depend on the friction and the adhesive force between solid particles. The subtle changes induced by coarse particles would have a harder deposit, which can hinder pig passing and affect pipeline pigging operations.

Characterizing noise barriers: SOPRANOISE half-term progress report

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3663-3674
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Clairbois ◽  
Massimo Garai ◽  
Wolfram Bartolomaeus ◽  
Michael Chudalla ◽  
Fabio Strigari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Effective Use

SOPRANOISE targets simplified assessment of the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performances of road / railway noise barriers. This paper presents its half-term progress. The research is divided in 5 Work Packages, the scientific ones being WP2 to WP5.WP2 is about establishing a state of art (SoA) of the intrinsic performances characterization: it is now finished and presented in 2 other papers by Conter and Fuchs. WP3 is about in-situ inspection tools: based on a review / questionnaire, an inspection protocol has been developed allowing simplified assessments mainly based on visual inspections and characterization of possible defects; WP3 is now in its final testing phase. WP4 is about designing a brand new "quick and safe methods" that could take place "in between" the inspection tools and the standardized EN1793-5 and 6; the research and development phases of WP4 are now finished, while its validation along highways is now scheduled. Finally, WP5 is about the use of noise barriers in the European market and the final report: a synthesis on the physical behavior of noise barriers and the physical significance of the test methods has been done, as well a SoA on the effective use of noise barriers; the results will be presented.

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