Offshore Renewable Power to Hydrogen Provides a New Technical Solution for the Utilization of Offshore CO-Rich Natural Gas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Tongwen Shan ◽  
Jianguo Hou ◽  
Le Chang ◽  
Youwu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Renewable Power

Coupling energy, meteorology, hydrology and climate science to optimize renewable power planning in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Sterl ◽  
Inne Vanderkelen ◽  
Celray James Chawanda ◽  
Nicole van Lipzig ◽  
Ann van Griensven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
West African ◽  
Coupling Energy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Many countries in the developing world have immense, but underexploited, renewable electricity potentials. A good example are the countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Historically, renewable power generation in West Africa has focused on hydropower, which produces around 20% of the region’s overall electricity generation, with natural gas providing most of the remainder; future capacity expansion plans for the region are also focused to a large extent around gas and hydropower.</p><p> </p><p>However, dropping costs for modern renewable power sources, primarily solar photovoltaic and wind power, are expected to break the West African gas-hydro-paradigm in the near future. Given the currently low levels of generation and strongly increasing power demand in many countries, they can be seen as “greenfields” for integrating variable renewable energy (VRE) sources into stable power mixes and planning transmission capacity expansion to the benefit of VRE sources.</p><p> </p><p>Such planning requires a nuanced view of the role that different resources can play in a power mix. Solar and wind power are clean and have low environmental impact, but show pronounced diurnal and seasonal cycles, which requires increased power system flexibility across a wide range of time scales. Globally, such flexibility is currently mostly delivered by natural gas, whose use in the future must be limited to comply with the goals of the Paris Agreement. Reservoir hydropower is an alternative source of flexibility, but only if adequately managed across all involved time scales and without endangering environmental flow requirements.</p><p> </p><p>In this research, we combined energy science, meteorology, hydrology and climatology to conduct a scenario-based analysis of smart renewable expansion strategies for West Africa using the REVUB model, considering all time scales ranging from hourly to decadal (including climate change effects) and all spatial scales from point to subcontinental. We show that smart management of hydropower plants, smart designs of solar-wind mixes, and smart planning of regional interconnections can ensure reliable and stable power provision while reducing future natural gas demand and at the same time avoiding ecologically damaging hydropower overexploitation. These results have wide implications for energy policy planning far beyond West Africa, particularly in hydro-dependent developing countries.</p>

Flexible Natural Gas/Intermittent Renewable Hybrid Power Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch ◽  
Andrew Pym
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Storage Technologies

Increasing grid penetration of intermittent renewable power from wind and solar is creating challenges for the power industry. There are times when generation from these intermittent sources needs to be constrained due to power transmission capacity limits, and times when fossil fuel power plant are required to rapidly compensate for large power fluctuations, for example clouds pass over a solar field or the wind stops blowing. There have been many proposals, and some actual projects, to store surplus power from intermittent renewable power in some form or other for later use: Batteries, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES), heat storage and Hydrogen being the main alternatives considered. These technologies will allow power generation during low periods of wind and solar power, using separate discrete power generation plant with specifically designed generator sets. But these systems are time-limited so at some point, if intermittent renewable power generation does not return to its previous high levels, fossil fuel power generation, usually from a large centralized power plant, will be required to ensure security of supplies. The overall complexity of such a solution to ensure secure power supplies leads to high capital costs, power transmission issues and potentially increased carbon emissions to atmosphere from the need to keep fossil fuel plant operating at low loads to ensure rapid response. One possible solution is to combine intermittent renewables and energy storage technologies with fast responding, flexible natural gas-fired gas turbines to create a reliable, secure, low carbon, decentralized power plant. This paper considers some hybrid power plant designs that could combine storage technologies and gas turbines in a single location to maximize clean energy production and reduce CO2 emissions while still providing secure supplies, but with the flexibility that today’s grid operators require.

scholarly journals Simulation model of natural gas supply chain in a function of costs optimization: the case of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Šebalj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Gas Supply

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a natural gas simulation model for costs optimization. The main focus of the model is on the transmission system since its imbalance leads to the penalties which must be paid by the suppliers. The total nominated amount of natural gas (the gas injected into the transmission system) must be consumed (withdrawn from the system) in order for the system to be in balance. In practice, this is not the case since it is very hard to accurately predict the future hourly consumption (in order to make a nomination) and certain deviations appear which leads to the imbalance. However, this problem could be solved by introducing a special electromotor valve which would be placed at the beginning of the distribution system and control the accumulation of the system. To test this solution, a simulation model was created using Arena Simulation tool. Data for the simulation model are collected by the natural gas distributor and consist of natural gas consumption and nomination values for one measuring-reduction station on the hourly basis. Thus, the final dataset includes 8.754 records. The separate As-Is and To-Be models for seven (summer) months were made and the results were compared. The simulation experiment shows that the positive rebalancing energy would be reduced by 32%, and the negative one by 34%. The created model can serve as a good initial step for the analysis of the justification of investment in the implementation of a technical solution that would manage the accumulation of the distribution system.

Model-Based Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine with External Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Sophia Jörg ◽  
Nils Petersen ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation

Abstract Climate science shows that the limitation of global warming requires a rapid transition towards net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) on a global scale. Expanding renewable power generation is seen as an imperative measure within this transition. To compensate for the inherent volatility of renewable power generation, flexible and dispatchable power generation technologies such as gas turbines are required. If operated with CO2-neutral hydrogen or in combination with carbon capture plants, a GHG-neutral gas turbine operation could be achieved. An effective leverage to enhance carbon capture efficiency and a possible measure to safely burn hydrogen in gas turbines is the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas. By means of a model-based analysis of a gas turbine, the present study initially assesses the thermodynamic impact caused by a fuel switch from natural gas to hydrogen. Although positive trends such as increasing net electrical power output and thermal efficiency can be observed, the overall effect on the gas turbine process is only minor. In a following step, the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas is evaluated and compared both for the combustion of natural gas and hydrogen, regardless of potential combustor design challenges. The influence of altering working fluid properties throughout the whole gas turbine process is thermodynamically evaluated for ambient temperature recirculation and recirculation at an elevated temperature. A reduction in thermal efficiency can be observed as well as non-negligible changes of relevant process variables. These changes are more distinctive at a higher recirculation temperature

Low-Emissions Renewable Power Generation Using Liquid Fuels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo D. Eskin ◽  
Michael S. Klassen ◽  
Richard J. Roby ◽  
Richard G. Joklik ◽  
Maclain M. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Combustion Technology

A Lean, Premixed, Prevaporized (LPP) combustion technology has been developed that converts liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel or ethanol, into a substitute for natural gas. This fuel can then be burned with low emissions in virtually any combustion device in place of natural gas, providing users substantial fuel flexibility. A gas turbine utilizing the LPP combustion technology to burn biofuels creates a “dispatchable” (on-demand) renewable power generator with low criteria pollutant emissions and no net carbon emissions. Natural gas, petroleum based fuel oil #1 and #2, biodiesel and ethanol were tested in an atmospheric pressure test rig using actual gas turbine combustor hardware (designed for natural gas) and achieved natural gas level emissions. Both biodiesel and ethanol achieved natural gas level emissions for NOx, CO, SOx and particulate matter (PM). Extended lean operation was observed for all liquid fuels tested due to the wider lean flammability range for these fuels compared to natural gas. Autoignition of the fuels was controlled by the level of diluent (inerting) gas used in the vaporization process. This technology has successfully demonstrated the clean generation of green, dispatchable, renewable power on a 30kW Capstone C30 microturbine. Emissions on the vaporized derived from bio-ethanol are 3 ppm NO(x) and 18 ppm CO, improving on the baseline natural gas emissions of 3 ppm NO(x), 30 ppm CO. Performance calculations have shown that for a typical combined cycle power plant, one can expect to achieve a two percent (2%) improvement in the overall net plant heat rate when burning liquid fuel as LPP Gas™ as compared to burning the same liquid fuel in traditional spray-flame diffusion combustors. This level of heat rate improvement is quite substantial, and represents an annual fuel savings of over five million dollars for base load operation of a GE Frame 7EA combined cycle plant (126 MW). This technology provides a clean and reliable form of renewable energy using liquid biofuels that can be a primary source for power generation or be a back-up source for non-dispatchable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The LPP technology allows for the clean use of biofuels in combustion devices without water injection or the use of post-combustion pollution control equipment and can easily be incorporated into both new and existing gas turbine power plants. No changes are required to the DLE gas turbine combustor hardware.

Direct conversion of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels and synthetic natural gas using renewable power: Techno-economic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chundong Zhang ◽  
Ruxing Gao ◽  
Ki-Won Jun ◽  
Seok Ki Kim ◽  
Sun-Mi Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Power

scholarly journals A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential of Low Percentage Green Hydrogen Blending in the Italian Natural Gas Network

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Alessandro Guzzini ◽  
Cesare Saccani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Gas Networks ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Natural Gas Network ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Management Issues

The growing rate of electricity generation from renewables is leading to new operational and management issues on the power grid because the electricity generated exceeds local requirements and the transportation or storage capacities are inadequate. An interesting option that is under investigation by several years is the opportunity to use the renewable electricity surplus to power electrolyzers that split water into its component parts, with the hydrogen being directly injected into natural gas pipelines for both storage and transportation. This innovative approach merges together the concepts of (i) renewable power-to-hydrogen (P2H) and of (ii) hydrogen blending into natural gas networks. The combination of renewable P2H and hydrogen blending into natural gas networks has a huge potential in terms of environmental and social benefits, but it is still facing several barriers that are technological, economic, legislative. In the framework of the new hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe, Member States should design a roadmap moving towards a hydrogen ecosystem by 2050. The blending of “green hydrogen”, that is hydrogen produced by renewable sources, in the natural gas network at a limited percentage is a key element to enable hydrogen production in a preliminary and transitional phase. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate at the same time (i) the potential of green hydrogen blending at low percentage (up to 10%) and (ii) the maximum P2H capacity compatible with low percentage blending. The paper aims to preliminary assess the green hydrogen blending potential into the Italian natural gas network as a tool for policy makers, grid and networks managers and energy planners.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A ROTARY KILN FOR CALCINING CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
S.V. Leleka ◽  
A.Ya. Karvatskii ◽  
I.O. Mikulionok ◽  
V.M. Vytvytskyi ◽  
O.M. Glukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
The Cost

An analysis is made of the traditional energy-intensive process of calcining carbon-containing raw materials, in particular petroleum coke, in rotary kilns, which assumes continuous burning of natural gas in these furnaces. A new method for producing calcined petroleum coke is proposed, which minimizes the cost of natural gas as fuel, and therefore reduces the energy intensity of the calcination process and the cost of the obtained calcined coke. In the proposed method, at the beginning of the process, flue gases are obtained by burning natural gas in a rotary kiln, after the calcined coke reaches the required temperature, the consumption of natural gas is reduced or stopped altogether, and the required temperature of the calcined coke is maintained by the corresponding ratio of the flow rate of ambient air and synthetic gas obtained by cooling the material in a rotary kiln or in a cooler drum. To implement the method, a scheme of air supply to the calcination zone of a rotary kiln with the installation of air blowers directly on the casing of a rotary kiln is justified. The fundamental possibility of implementing the proposed method on a rotary kiln diameter 2x40 m with a capacity of 10 t/h for the finished product is shown. In particular, the calculation of its main structural and technological parameters has been performed. Compared with the known method, the proposed technical solution allows to reduce the energy intensity and, accordingly, the cost of the obtained calcined coke. Bibl. 14, Fig. 7.

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