Effects of four varieties of Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae) seeds on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulami Adhikary ◽  
Ujjwal Malik ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

AbstractThe effect of four varieties of Lathyrus sativus Linnaeus (Fabaceae) seeds (Bio L 212 Ratan, Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7, and WBK-13-1) on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was studied under laboratory conditions. Total larval developmental time was longer on WBK-13-1 than Bio L 212 Ratan. Adult emergence was highest on Bio L 212 Ratan followed by Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7, and WBK-13-1. The development and fecundity were related with nutrient and antinutritional factors of khesari seeds. Total carbohydrates and proteins were highest in Bio L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1 while lipids and nitrogen were highest in Bio L 212 Ratan and least in WBK-13-1. Amino acids were higher in Nirmal B-1 and WBK-13-1. Phenols were greatest in Nirmal B-1 and least in Bio L 212 Ratan and WBK-14-7. β-ODAP was higher in Bio L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1. The lower levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nitrogen, water content, and higher trypsin inhibitor activity of WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 may explain the higher developmental time and lower fecundity of C. maculatus on these varieties. These results suggest that infestations of C. maculatus may be easier to manage on WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 than on the other varieties of khesari seeds.

Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed peas with different trypsin inhibitor activity in pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grosjean ◽  
C. Jondreville ◽  
I. Williatte-Hazouard ◽  
F. Skiba ◽  
B. Carrouée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Rectal Anastomosis ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Proportion

Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids was measured in pigs fed 13 round, tannin-free peas samples and related to the following physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these samples: thousand-seed weight, proportion of hulls, starch, fibre, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents, trypsin inhibitor activity and trypsin inhibitor activity per unit of crude protein (TIAP). Each pea sample was included in a diet containing starch, sucrose, minerals and vitamins and fed to four barrows (50 to 100 kg) fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. Standardised ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities, except for alanine of peas decreased linearly with increasing TIAP (P < 0.01) and was not affected by fiber content. For example standardized ileal digestibilities values (%) decreased by −0.1975, −0.1617, −0.2171, −0.2630, −0.2029 and −0.3536 per unit of TIAP (expressed in unit of trypsin inhibited per milligram crude protein), respectively, for crude protein and lysine, threonine, methionine, cystine and tryptophan. Key words: Peas, trypsin inhibitor activity, standardised ileal digestibilities, protein, amino acids, pig

Screening and Biochemical Analysis on Blackgram Genotypes for Resistance against Storage Pest Bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
N. Ganapathy ◽  
G. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Confirmatory Trial

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a rich source of protein. It is one of the major crops essentially involved in daily human diets. However, storage pest bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] is a major production constraint for legumes. A research was formulated to assess the bruchine resistance in 20 blackgram genotypes along with the biochemical analysis to find out the active biochemical components responsible for the resistance activity.Methods: The experiment was carried out during August- October, 2019 at Entomology Laboratory, National Pulses Research Center, Vamban, India. The experimental material comprised of 20 blackgram genotypes which were screened for bruchine resistance. Further, confirmatory trial was conducted with selected resistant entries and highly susceptible entries during October- December, 2019. Both experiments were carried out in completely randomized design and replicated three times. GC-MS analysis on the resistant and susceptible entries were performed to ascertain the active biochemical components conferring resistance.Result: Among the genotypes, TU 68 had comparatively late developmental time (days), less number of adult emergence, higher mean developmental period (days), less susceptibility index, less seed damage (%) and less seed weight loss (%). Genotype TU 68 was found to be resistant in the confirmatory trial also. Less number of adult emergence and higher mean developmental period indicated the delayed developmental period which is a mechanism of bruchine resistance. GC-MS analysis on resistant (TU 68) and susceptible (MDU 1) genotypes indicated the presence of active biochemical compounds with insectifuge activity in TU 68. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the hybridization programmeas donor for bruchine resistance.

212 Conditioning and Expansion Increases Nutritional Value of Soybean Expellers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Maryane S Sespere Faria Oliveira ◽  
Joseph Limbach ◽  
Natalia Fanelli ◽  
Markus Wiltafsky-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that different combinations of conditioning and expansion of soybean expellers increases nutritional value. Non-heat-treated soybean expellers (L-1) and soybean expellers conditioned for 60 s at 90ºC followed by expansion at 110ºC (L-2) were used. Two additional sources of soybean expellers (L-3 and L-4) were processed as L-2 with the exception that the initial conditioning was followed by long-term conditioning for 12 or 48 min at 100ºC before expansion. Analyzed trypsin inhibitor activity in L-1, L-2, L-3, and L-4 was 34.0, 23.1, 4.2, and 2.4 mg/g, respectively. In experiment 1, 10 cannulated barrows (54.22 ± 4.54 kg) were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Youden square with 5 diets and 4 periods and 8 replicates per diet. Each source of soybean expellers was included in one diet, and a N-free diet was also used. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all amino acids (AA) in L-1 was less (P &lt; 0.01) compared with L-2, L-3, and L-4 (Table 1), and SID of all AA in L-2 was less (P &lt; 0.01) than in L-3 or L-4. In experiment 2, 40 barrows (17.52 ± 1.63 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and fed a corn diet or 4 diets based on corn and each source of soybean expellers. Feces and urine were collected using the marker-to-marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. The metabolizable energy (ME) in L-1 was less (P &lt; 0.01) than in L-2, L-3, and L-4 (Table 1). In conclusion, the SID of AA in soybean expellers was maximized if 12 or 48 min of conditioning at 100ºC was used before expansion, but long-term conditioning did not increase ME.

The efficacy of essential oil of Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.) and its major constituent, 1,8-cineole, as protectants of cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishanthi Abeywickrama ◽  
A. A. C. K. Adhikari ◽  
Priyani Paranagama ◽  
Chammi S. Palehepitiya Gamage
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus, (F.) causes major losses during the storage of cowpea seeds [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Sri Lanka. Essential oil was extracted from Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.) and 1,8-cineole, identified as the major constituent of the essential oil, was tested for its potential insecticidal activity against C. maculatus. The adults of C. maculatus were susceptible to both fumigant toxicity and contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil. In the fumigant toxicity assay, the LC50 (0.685 g L-1) value of 1,8-cineole was similar to that of A. calcarata oil. However, LC50 values of 0.068 g L-1 and 0.141 g L-1 were obtained for the contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil, respectively. Oviposition and F1 adult emergence were significantly inhibited by 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil at concentrations higher than 0.80 g L-1 in the fumigant toxicity and 0.123 g L-1 in the contact plus fumigant toxicity. Repellent activity of A. calcarata oil was more potent to C. maculatus than 1,8-cineole at doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg. This study reveals that 1,8-cineole is the most toxic component present in A. calcarata oil, and that the repellent activity of A. calcarata oil could be due to 1,8-cineole as well as the other constituents present in the essential oil. Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.), 1,8-cineole, essential oils, cowpea

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of 2-tridecanone against the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yussef F.B. Braga ◽  
Thalles B. Grangeiro ◽  
Eder A. Freire ◽  
Helano L. Lopes ◽  
José N. S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Pilocarpus Microphyllus ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of 2-tridecanone vapor on the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) development was determined. Seeds of cowpea were infested with adults and exposed to different doses of 2-tridecanone isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Holm, a plant species native from northeastern Brazil. The pure monoterpene was evaluated both undiluted as well as in the dilutions 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1,000 (v/v). The following parameters of the cowpea weevil life cycle were analyzed in response to decreasing doses of 2-tridecanone: number of eggs laid, percentage of egg hatching on seeds, percentage of adult emergence, adult weight at emergence, mean developmental time and number of adults emerged. Vapor of 2-tridecanone caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the number of eggs laid, in the percentage of eggs hatched and in the number of emerged adults in infested seeds. The fumigant insecticidal effect of 2-tridecanone was mainly due to its ovicidal activity.

scholarly journals Valle Agricola Chickpeas: Nutritional Profile and Metabolomics Traits of a Typical Landrace Legume from Southern Italy

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Simona Piccolella ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Shadab Faramarzi ◽  
Angela Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) from Valle Agricola is a legume cultivated in Southern Italy whose intake is strictly linked to rural traditions. In order to get new biochemical insight on this landrace and to promote its consumption and marketing, nutritional values (moisture content, total proteins, lipids, total and free amino acids) and metabolic traits are deeply investigated. Valle Agricola chickpea is nutritionally rich in proteins (19.70 g/100 g) and essential amino acids (7.12 g/100 g; ~40% of total). Carbohydrates, whose identity was unraveled by means of UHPLC-HR MS/MS analysis, were almost 60% of chemicals. In particular, a di-galactosylglycerol, a pinitol digalactoside, and a galactosylciceritol were found as constitutive, together with different raffinose-series oligosaccharides. Although lipids were the less constitutive compounds, glycerophospholipids were identified, while among free fatty acids linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Isoflavones and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were also detected. Valle Agricola chickpeas showed very good levels of several mineral nutrients, especially magnesium (164 mg/100 g), potassium (748 mg/100 g), calcium (200 mg/100 g), zinc (4.20 mg/100 g) and manganese (0.45 mg/100 g). The boiling process favorably decreases anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin activities, depleting this precious seed of its intrinsic antinutritional factors.

scholarly journals Oviposition Preference of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to Common Pulses and Potentiality of Triflumuron as their Protectant

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Fauzia Akhter ◽  
Rezina Laz ◽  
Selina Parween
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Green Peas

Seeds of black grams, lentils, Bengal grams and green peas were soaked separately in aqueous solutions of Triflumuron at doses of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm. Three day -old adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were allowed to oviposit on air-dried, treated or untreated pulses of each type and dose in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests. Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. The beetles avoided egg laying on lentils. Maximum egg-hatching occurred on black grams (>90%) in both tests. Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test). No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test. Percentage of hatching decreased in all pulses with the increasing doses of triflumuron. No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses. Implications of these results are further discussed.  Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Triflumuron, seed protectant, fecundity, hatchability, developmental period, adult emergence   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2207 J. bio-sci. 15: 83-88, 2007

The inheritance of seed resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus F. in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). II. Analyses of percentage emergence and emergence periods of bruchids in F4 seed generation of two reciprocal crosses

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Redden
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Bruchid Resistance ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Seed Resistance

Seed from F3 generation plants of two reciprocal crosses were evaluated for bruchid resistance, over 28 F3 families of four plants each plus an additional five plants each in 10-11 families. The variables, percentage adult emergence for a specified period and mean time to emergence, agreed with respect to describing segregation in the resistant, intermediate and susceptible categories. Resistance was expressed as a recessive character. No differences between families from reciprocal crosses were detected. There was evidence for digenic control of resistance in one cross and for monogenic control in the other, in conjunction with one, or more, modifier or minor gene loci. There was general agreement between the results for the F3 generation study and a previous study on the F2 generation.

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