Habitat and estimated density of Magicicada septendecula (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), a 17-year periodical cicada newly discovered in Connecticut, United States of America

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris T. Maier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Juglans Cinerea ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Periodical Cicadas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Periodical Cicada

AbstractPeriodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada Davis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of brood II emerged in the eastern United States of America in 2013. In Connecticut, only Magicicada septendecim (Linnaeus) had been recorded until this emergence when Magicicada septendecula Alexander and Moore was found on Totoket Mountain in North Branford, Connecticut, United States of America. This discovery represented the northeastern-most record of this species. In two 0.25-ha plots where M. septendecula and M. septendecim emerged and chorused, species of Carya Nuttall (Juglandaceae) comprised 59.9–63.7% of the total basal area, with Carya glabra (Miller) Sweet, accounting for 43.9–60.0%. In one plot, 31.6% of the total basal area was Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae). By using the proportion of exuviae of M. septendecula (hind tibial length<6.3 mm) and M. septendecim (length ⩾ 6.3 mm) near trees and the mean number of emergence holes per 0.25-m2 quadrat (1.88), it was estimated that 1487 M. septendecula and 17 313 M. septendecim emerged in one 0.25-ha plot. Mean tibial length of M. septendecula was significantly smaller in males (5.53 mm) than females (5.99 mm), and the sex ratio did not depart significantly from 1:1. Magicicada septendecula may be threatened by the decline of F. americana and Juglans cinerea Linnaeus (Juglandaceae), the first a known host and the second a suspected host.

scholarly journals Crown-Diameter Prediction Models for 87 Species of Stand-Grown Trees in the Eastern United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bechtold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Bioclimatic Index ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The mean crown diameters of stand-grown trees were modeled as a function of stem diameter, live-crown ratio, stand basal area, latitude, longitude, elevation, and Hopkins bioclimatic index for 87 tree species in the eastern United States. Stem diameter was statistically significant in all models, and a quadratic term for stem diameter was required for some species. Crown ratio and/or Hopkins index also improved the models for many species. Coefficients of variation from the regression solutions ranged from 18 to 35%, and model r-square values ranged from 0.15 to 0.88. Simpler models, based only on stem diameter and crown ratio, are also presented. South. J. Appl. For. 27(4):269–278.

Spatial patterns of within-tree Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) attacks during outbreak conditions in the Ozark National Forest in Arkansas, United States of America

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Hartshorn ◽  
Larry D. Galligan ◽  
Fred M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ozark Mountains ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Wood Borer

AbstractEnaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (red oak borer; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a native wood borer that colonises and develops in oaks (Quercus Linnaeus; Fagaceae) across southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. It is rarely considered a pest because it normally occurs at low population density levels in stressed or dying oak trees. In the late 1990s and early 2000s there was a large, historically unique outbreak of E. rufulus in the Ozark mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, United States of America. This outbreak provided an opportunity to investigate within-tree spatial distribution of attacks during unusually high insect population levels. Fifty trees from northern Arkansas were felled and destructively sampled. The locations of attack sites by female E. rufulus were standardised across varying heights and diameters for comparison across trees. Attack sites showed a significant clustered pattern within trees. Attack sites were aggregated towards the lower and middle bole, and on the south-facing side of trees. This pattern has been seen in other insects, including wood borers, and is potentially related to differences in temperature. These patterns of ovipositional behaviour in outbreak situations have implications for E. rufulus resource partitioning and facultative intraguild predation among larvae.

scholarly journals Hodgkin’s Disease

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1214-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL B. SHIMKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Mortality from Hodgkin’s disease in the United States during the period 1921 through 1951 was analyzed with respect to race, sex and age incidence and distribution. The findings were compared with those reported for leukemia. The recorded death rate from Hodgkin’s disease rose from 6.9 in 1921 to 17.0 per million in 1951. During this period, the death rate from leukemia rose from 14 to 61 per million. The death rate among males is higher than among females for both diseases; the male predominance is more marked in Hodgkin’s disease than in leukemia. The rate is higher among whites than non-whites for both diseases; the white predominance is more marked in leukemia than in Hodgkin’s disease. There is no peak in rate during childhood for Hodgkin’s disease as there is for leukemia, and the increase in rate with age is much less steep for Hodgkin’s disease than for leukemia. The mean age at death of adults dying from Hodgkin’s disease and from leukemia increased by 3.5 and 8.0 years, respectively, between 1925 and 1950. The male-female sex ratio for Hodgkin’s disease decreased slightly, and increased slightly for leukemia between 1925 and 1950.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the U.S. Mothbean Collection for Seed Yield Potential in Virginia and Nutritional Composition of Freshly Harvested Seed

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-824
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Seed Yields

Even though mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia), a drought- and heat-tolerant crop, may have potential in the eastern United States, information about its production in this region is not available. To characterize potential seed yields and preliminary nutritional quality, 54 accessions were grown near Petersburg, VA, during 2011, 2012, and 2013. The seed yields varied from 48 to 413 lb/acre. The mean concentrations of protein, calcium, iron, and zinc in mature mothbean seed were 21.9%, 0.17%, 64.8 ppm, and 37.5 ppm, respectively. These values compared well with those in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius). The results demonstrated that mothbean has considerable potential as an alternative, new food legume crop in Virginia and eastern United States.

scholarly journals Phytophthora irrigata, a new species isolated from irrigation reservoirs and rivers in Eastern United States of America

2008 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Mannon E. Gallegly ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson ◽  
Ping Kong ◽  
Gary W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals Multiple Treatment Meta-Analysis of Products Evaluated for Control of Fire Blight in the Eastern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Ngugi ◽  
B. L. Lehman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

The aim of this analysis was to estimate the effect sizes and consistency of products evaluated for fire blight control in the eastern United States over the last decade. Because only 3% of the 69 studies published from 2000 to 2008 explicitly presented a measure of within-study variability, a method for estimating the least significant difference (LSD) and, hence the sampling variance, for studies with at least two significant mean separations in the presented mean multiple comparisons was developed. Lin's concordance analysis indicated that the estimated LSD was an accurate predictor of the actual LSD based on 35 studies in a calibration evaluation (ρc = 0.997). Separate multi-treatment random-effects meta-analyses were performed for three control categories: antibiotics, biological control, and plant defense-activating products and mean log response ratios relative to the nontreated controls ([Formula: see text]) were computed for each treatment and then back-transformed to obtain the mean percent disease control. None of the products evaluated performed as well as streptomycin, the standard product for fire blight control, for which the mean disease control was 68.6%. As a group, experimental antibiotics provided the best fire blight control with mean effect sizes ranging from 59.7 to 61.7%. Among the biological controls, the best control was noted for treatments combining the antibiotic streptomycin with a product based on Pantoea agglomerans (55.0% mean disease reduction) or Bacillus subtilis (53.9%). Mean disease control was 31.9, 25.7, and 22.6%, respectively, for products based on B. subtilis, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pseudomonas fluorescens without an antibiotic, suggesting that the higher efficacy of the combination treatments was due to the antibiotic. Among the plant defense-activating products, prohexadione calcium had the highest and most consistent effect size (50.7% control), while other products provided modest mean disease control of between 6.1 and 25.8%. Percent control values were significantly moderated by study location and cultivar used in the study, and were smaller, but more variable, when products were tested under high disease intensity compared with low disease intensity. Results indicate that wide-scale use of biological control and plant defense-activating products in the eastern United States is likely to remain low.

Uncertainties, Trends, and Hottest and Coldest Years of U.S. Surface Air Temperature since 1895: An Update Based on the USHCN V2 TOB Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 4185-4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S. P. Shen ◽  
Christine K. Lee ◽  
Jay Lawrimore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This paper estimates the sampling error variances of gridded monthly U.S. Historical Climatology Network, version 2 (USHCN V2), time-of-observation-biases (TOB)-adjusted data. The analysis of mean surface air temperature (SAT) assesses uncertainties, trends, and the rankings of the hottest and coldest years for the contiguous United States in the period of 1895–2008. Data from the USHCN stations are aggregated onto a 2.5° × 3.5° latitude–longitude grid by an arithmetic mean of the stations inside a grid box. The sampling error variances of the gridded monthly data are estimated for every month and every grid box with data. The gridded data and their sampling error variances are used to calculate the contiguous U.S. averages and their trends and associated uncertainties. The sampling error variances are smaller (mostly less than 0.2°C2) over the eastern United States, where the station density is greater and larger (with values of 1.3°C2 for some grid boxes in the earlier period) over mountain and coastal areas. In the period of 1895–2008, every month from January to December has a positive linear trend. February has the largest trend of 0.162°C (10 yr)−1, and September has the smallest trend at 0.020°C (10 yr)−1. The three hottest (coldest) years measured by the mean SAT over the United States were ranked as 1998, 2006, and 1934 (1917, 1895, and 1912).

Baldcypress height–diameter equations and their prediction confidence intervals

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Parresol
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Bald Cypress ◽  
Prediction Confidence ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Height–diameter relationships are an important component in yield estimation, stand description, and damage appraisals. A nonlinear exponential function used extensively in the northwest United States was chosen for bald cypress (Taxodiumdistichum (L.) Rich.). Homogeneity and normality of residuals were examined, and the function as well as the mean and individual prediction confidence bands were plotted. The inclusion of stand basal area as an additional independent variable provided a better fit to the data. The paper is concluded with a section on construction and use of simple and joint confidence intervals about the mean and individual predictions from the nonlinear regression.

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