Postovipositional maternal care in the burrower bug, Adomerus rotundus (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Inadomi ◽  
Maiko Wakiyama ◽  
Mantaro Hironaka ◽  
Hiromi Mukai ◽  
Lisa Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common

AbstractComplex subsociality involving guarding, progressive provisioning, and trophic egg production behaviours in herbivorous Hemiptera is known in only a few genera in the Cydnidae subfamily Sehirinae and in Parastrachiidae. Because progressive provisioning and trophic egg production are apparently specific to these closely related species, phylogenetically it seems likely that the behaviours emerged once in the common ancestor of this clade. However, the scarcity of information on species in the clade precludes any reliable exploration of this hypothesis. To ameliorate this situation, it is necessary to accumulate additional information for as many related species as possible. To this end, we first targeted Japanese representatives of the genus Adomerus Mulsant and Rey (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), three species of which are distributed in Japan. Complex subsocial behaviours in two of these species, Adomerus triguttulus (Motschulsky) and Adomerus variegatus (Signoret), have been well characterised and analysed. The third Japanese species, Adomerus rotundus (Hsiao), was identified to display complex maternal care, but, with the exception of egg hatch synchronisation, parental behaviours have not been characterised. In this study, we examined the parental behaviours of A. rotundus. Additional investigations on subsocial behaviours, in addition to morphological and molecular analyses, should gradually clarify whether the complex subsociality represents a homologous or convergent adaptation.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics of the venoms of continental and insular radiations of West African cones

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200794
Author(s):  
Samuel Abalde ◽  
Manuel J. Tenorio ◽  
Carlos M. L. Afonso ◽  
Rafael Zardoya
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
West African ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Secreted Peptides

The transcriptomes of the venom glands of 13 closely related species of vermivorous cones endemic to West Africa from genera Africonus and Varioconus were sequenced and venom repertoires compared within a phylogenetic framework using one Kalloconus species as outgroup. The total number of conotoxin precursors per species varied between 108 and 221. Individuals of the same species shared about one-fourth of the total conotoxin precursors. The number of common sequences was drastically reduced in the pairwise comparisons between closely related species, and the phylogenetical signal was totally eroded at the inter-generic level (no sequence was identified as shared derived), due to the intrinsic high variability of these secreted peptides. A common set of four conotoxin precursor superfamilies (T, O1, O2 and M) was expanded in all studied cone species, and thus, they are considered the basic venom toolkit for hunting and defense in the West African vermivorous cone snails. Maximum-likelihood ancestral character reconstructions inferred shared conotoxin precursors preferentially at internal nodes close to the tips of the phylogeny (between individuals and between closely related species) as well as in the common ancestor of Varioconus . Besides the common toolkit, the two genera showed significantly distinct catalogues of conotoxin precursors in terms of type of superfamilies present and the abundance of members per superfamily, but had similar relative expression levels indicating functional convergence. Differential expression comparisons between vermivorous and piscivorous cones highlighted the importance of the A and S superfamilies for fish hunting and defense.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Niebert ◽  
Ralf R. Tönjes
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Separate Event ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Different Suiformes with increasing phylogenetic distance to the common pig (Sus scrofa) were assayed for the presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in general (pol gene), while the distribution of long terminal repeat (LTR) types (with or without repeats in U3) and env genes (classes A, B, and C) were determined in detail. PERV was not detectable in the most distantly related species, while classes PERV-A and PERV-B are present in Suiformes originating in the Pliocene epoch, and class PERV-C was detectable only in S. scrofa and in closely related species originating in the Holocene epoch. This distribution pattern of PERV classes is in line with our previous study on the age of PERV (45) and suggests an African origin of about 7.5 million years ago (MYA) and a gradual spread of PERV through the Suiformes. It seems likely that PERV-C originated more recently (1.5 to 3.5 MYA) by recombination with a homologue of unknown descent, while the origin of the repeatless LTR was a separate event approximately 3.5 MYA.

Additional information on Alainaspis and Boothiaspis, cyathaspidids (Agnatha: Heterostraci) from the Upper Silurian of Northwest Territories, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Elliott ◽  
David L. Dineley
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
New Material ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
Original Interpretation

New material of the poraspid Alainaspis platyrhina Elliott and Dineley has made it possible to provide a more extensive reconstruction of this animal. It is now clear that an elongated branchial opening was present below the lateral lamina and that a well-developed post-branchial lobe was present. No branchial plate has been identified and this may have been fused to the dorsal shield, forming the ventral lamina. The lateral lamina is now seen to terminate in a rounded angle before the posterior margin of the shield. Several ventral shields with similar ornament are identified as belonging to A. platyrhina. These are broad and deep and are consistent with the original interpretation of this animal as a filter feeder. One similar shield with a coarser ornament is tentatively assigned to the closely related species Boothiaspis ovata Broad.

Reproductive performance in a phyletic dwarf, the spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Mithracidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Joshua T Fields ◽  
Hayden K Mullen ◽  
Clayr M Kroenke ◽  
Kyla A Salomon ◽  
Abby J Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Body Sizes

Abstract The spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.

Pagurus pubescens and a Proposed New Name for a Closely Related Species in the Northwest Atlantic (Decapoda: Anomura)

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Name ◽  
Anterior Division

Reference is made to Krøyer's description of the hermit crab, Pagurus pubescens, and to Stimpson's later description of P. krøyeri. Comparison of specimens of krøyeri with the type specimen of pubescens showed them to be identical. The American species thought by Stimpson to be pubescens and, therefore, left without a name, is now given a name, P. arcuatus. Both species are compared with P. trigonocheirus, and a new diagnostic character, the shape of the anterior division of the third sternite, is used.

scholarly journals Spatial inter-centromeric interactions facilitated the emergence of evolutionary new centromeres

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnendu Guin ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Radha Mishra ◽  
Siti Rawaidah B. M. Muzaki ◽  
Bhagya C. Thimmappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evolutionary New Centromeres

AbstractCentromeres of Candida albicans form on unique and different DNA sequences but a closely related species, Candida tropicalis, possesses homogenized inverted repeat (HIR)-associated centromeres. To investigate the mechanism of centromere-type transition, we improved the fragmented genome assembly and constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly of C. tropicalis by employing PacBio sequencing, chromosome conformation capture sequencing (3C-seq), chromoblot, and genetic analysis of engineered aneuploid strains. Further, we analyzed the 3D genome organization using 3C-seq data, which revealed spatial proximity among the centromeres as well as telomeres of seven chromosomes in C. tropicalis. Intriguingly, we observed evidence of inter-centromeric translocations in the common ancestor of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Identification of putative centromeres in closely related Candida sojae, Candida viswanathii and Candida parapsilosis indicates loss of ancestral HIR-associated centromeres and establishment of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) in C. albicans. We propose that spatial proximity of the homologous centromere DNA sequences facilitated karyotype rearrangements and centromere type transitions in human pathogenic yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade.

Mites of the family Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901 (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Japan: a new species of Vulgarogamasus Tichomirov, 1969, and a key to Japanese species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4429 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED W. NEGM ◽  
TETSUO GOTOH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ibaraki Prefecture ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

Vulgarogamasus edurus sp. nov. (Acari: Parasitidae) is described based on females, deutonymphs and males extracted from leaf litter and soil in Ami, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Morphological differences between the new species and its closely related species, Vulgarogamasus fujisanus (Ishikawa, 1972), are recorded based on the examination of type materials. Information about parasitid mites reported in Japanese literature is reviewed, and a key to species is provided. 

scholarly journals A new species of Wesmaelius Krüger from Mexico, with a key to the New World species of the subgenus Kimminsia Killington (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesenia Marquez-López ◽  
Atilano Contreras-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Plate ◽  
Middle America ◽  
Subgenital Plate ◽  
A New Species

Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) nanacamilpa Marquez & Contreras, sp. n., a brown lacewing from Tlaxcala state, Mexico is described and illustrated. This is the second recorded species of Wesmaelius from Mexico, and the third from Middle America. Males of the new species may be identified by parameres separate apically, styliform sclerites directed basally, as well as a rounded gonarcus with a short entoprocessus. Females may be distinguished from closely related species by a subgenital plate with the central plate broadly incised basally. There are now 16 species of Wesmaelius known from the New World.

LAPHRIA VULTUR OSTEN SACKEN AND TWO RELATED SPECIES (DIPTERA-ASILIDAE)

1936 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
J. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Comparative Zoology

Recently in checking material in the genus Laphrin apparently two species were found under the name uvltur Osten Sacken. Marston Bates kindly examined the types of uvltur in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and, on verifying my observations, sent part of their material for study. Two of Osten Sacken's specimens ( ♂ ♀ ) are uvltur and the third speciimen is herein described as new, and notes on several other closely related species are given.

scholarly journals Transposable element dynamics are consistent across the Drosophila phylogeny, despite drastically differing content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hill
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Drosophila Phylogeny ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Insertion Frequency

AbstractBackgroundThe evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) vary across the tree of life and even between closely related species with similar ecologies. In Drosophila, most of the focus on TE dynamics has been completed in Drosophila melanogaster and the overall pattern indicates that TEs show an excess of low frequency insertions, consistent with their frequent turn over and high fitness cost in the genome. Outside of D. melanogaster, insertions in the species Drosophila algonquin, suggests that this situation may not be universal, even within Drosophila. Here we test whether the pattern observed in D. melanogaster is similar across five Drosophila species that share a common ancestor more than fifty million years ago.ResultsFor the most part, TE family and order insertion frequency patterns are broadly conserved between species, supporting the idea that TEs have invaded species recently, are mostly costly and dynamics are conserved in orthologous regions of the host genomeConclusionsMost TEs retain similar activities and fitness costs across the Drosophila phylogeny, suggesting little evidence of drift in the dynamics of TEs across the phylogeny, and that most TEs have invaded species recently.

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