Biology and management of North American cone-feeding Dioryctria species

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Whitehouse ◽  
A.D. Roe ◽  
W.B. Strong ◽  
M.L. Evenden ◽  
F.A.H. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractConeworms, Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are destructive pests of conifers across North America, and members of several different species groups present significant pest-management challenges in conifer seed orchards. Dioryctria abietivorella Grote (abietella group) is the most pestiferous Dioryctria species in Canada. Despite this status, control tactics are currently limited to broad-spectrum pesticides that threaten non-target species and may result in pesticide resistance. The development of integrated pest management programs targeting Dioryctria species will benefit from a conceptual framework on which to base future research. To create this structure, we review the systematics, evolutionary ecology, and management of cone-feeding North American Dioryctria species. Current research suggests that many species boundaries are in need of further revision. Major gaps in our understanding of Dioryctria ecology impede the development of integrated pest management tactics. For example, host-generated semiochemicals are important in Dioryctria reproduction, although the uses of these cues in host-finding and host acceptance remain unknown. Future research should identify factors that mediate population distribution at landscape (e.g., migration), local (e.g., feeding stimulants), and temporal (e.g., development thresholds) scales.

Manipulation of Larval Diapause of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a Potential Mechanism of Integrated Pest Management

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Showers ◽  
A. J. Keaster ◽  
J. F. Witkowski ◽  
S. L. Clement ◽  
H. C. Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Larval Diapause ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1323 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI GOULET ◽  
PETER G. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
North American ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Poor Understanding

Plant bugs belonging to the genus Lygus Hahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) are important pests of a wide variety of North American crops. Efforts to use biological control as one strategy in an integrated pest management approach have been impeded by a poor understanding of the endoparasitoids, particularly species of the genera Leiophron Nees and Peristenus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) many of which parasitize the nymphal stages of Lygus, among other Miridae. The taxonomy of Leiophron and Peristenus species associated with agricultural habitats is reviewed based on reared material contributed by numerous researchers. Sixteen species of the two genera were found parasitizing Lygus nymphs, including the following eight species described as new, Leiophron australis Goulet, L. simoni Goulet, Peristenus braunae Goulet, P. broadbenti Goulet, P. carcamoi Goulet, P. dayi Goulet, P. gillespiei Goulet and P. otaniae Goulet. The species are differentiated in a key, described and illustrated. Two names are newly placed in synonymy, L. trigonotylidis Loan, 1974 under Leiophron lygivorus (Loan 1970) and Brachistes nocturnus Viereck, 1905 under P. mellipes (Cresson 1872). Euphorus mellipes Cresson is removed from synonymy with P. pallipes (Curtis). Most of the endoparasitoid species are known to be associated only with Lygus spp. and appear to be distinct in their distribution and their biology. Analysis of the endoparasitoid complex in southern Quebec shows that of the six species that occur in alfalfa and hay fields, four species use Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) as the main host. The introduced Peristenus digoneutis Loan has recently established in southern Quebec and although its numbers have increased substantially it has not yet had an evident impact on reducing L. lineolaris population levels.

An alternative way to evaluate the environmental effects of integrated pest management: Pesticide risk indicators

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Greitens ◽  
Esther Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research

AbstractThis study examines whether pesticide risk indicators can be used to evaluate the environmental effects of pesticide applications within integrated pest management (IPM) projects. Pesticide risk indicators, commonly used in European countries, are mathematical equations that consider data inputs such as application rates, toxicity levels of a pesticide's active ingredient, meteorological data, the soil characteristics of farm fields, and other information to generate potential risk scores for pesticide applications. These potential risk scores represent the best estimate of a pesticide's impact on the surrounding environment. This project analyzed eight pesticide risk indicators, developed throughout Europe and the United States, with two years of pesticide application data from four farms using IPM. This two-year study allowed for a determination of the validity and reliability of pesticide risk indicators. The findings reveal that only three pesticide risk indicators performed consistently and gave valid results. These indicators are: the synoptic evaluation model for plant protection agents (SYNOPS) indicator from Germany, the multi-attribute toxicity factor from the United States, and the environmental impact quotient from the United States. As a result, the authors recommend these three indicators for future research and for IPM evaluative efforts that emphasize the environmental effects of pesticides.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Trichogrammatidae Species (Hymenoptera) Submitted to the Herbicide Glyphosate

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L.D. LEITE ◽  
P.D. PAULO ◽  
L.D. TUFFI-SANTOS ◽  
A.C. ALVARENGA ◽  
M.A. SOARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: Information on selective herbicide, including glyphosate that does not affect non-target organisms such as natural enemies, are important in integrated pest management programs in maize. The dose 13.94 L ha-1 of glyphosate was evaluated in females on 10 Trichogrammatidae species. A female of each Trichogrammatidae species was individually positioned per test tube with a card containing approximately 45 Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. For 48 h parasitism was allowed, and later the cartons were sprayed with the herbicide or with distilled water, for the control treatment. The glyphosate showed variable effects for parasitoids. The emergence of T. acacioi females was lower but that of T. atopovilia, T. demoraesi, and T. pretiosum higher with the glyphosate. The sex ratio of T. galloi was lower and that of T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, and T. soaresi higher with glyphosate. This glyphosate was innocuous to all Trichogrammatidae species females based on the classification adopted internationally.

scholarly journals Influences of Stored Product Insect Movements on Integrated Pest Management Decisions

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuji Jian
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Insect Movement

Insect movement inside and outside grain bulks and processed products influences pest management decisions. Movement allows insects to find essential food resources, shelters (refuges), warmer and/or humid locations, mating and egg-laying sites, even when they are rare in fields, buildings, mills, warehouses, and inside grain masses. This review discussed the advantages and disadvantages of stored product insect movements, and the influence of insect mobility on some integrated pest management practices. Insect movement (1) results in clumped insect spatial distributions and thus makes large sample sizes necessary for monitoring; (2) makes trapping more efficient, but is influenced by many factors; (3) allows control methods to be effective, but requires pest management programs to be area-wide; (4) makes eradication of quarantine pests difficult and commodities are quickly re-infested; and (5) results in a diverse genetic pool and speeds the development of resistance to pesticides. Any element of an IPM approach should use the knowledge of insect movement. Reasons for the difficult interpretation of cryptic movement behaviours of insects were provided and future research areas were suggested.

scholarly journals The parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polaszek ◽  
M.G. Fitton ◽  
G. Bianchi ◽  
T. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Maliarpha Separatella ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractA key is provided for the recognition of the hymenopterous parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot, a pest of rice in Africa and Madagascar. Five species are described as new: Braconidae: Chelonus maudae Huddleston, Rhacanotus carinafus Polaszek; Ichneumonidae: Prisfomerus bullis Fitton, Prisfomerus caris Fitton, Venturia jordanae Fitton. The following synonyms are proposed: Goniozus indicus Muesebeck, G. natalensis Gordh and G. procerae Risbec are synonymized with Goniozus indicus Ashmead. Phanerotorna major Brues is synonymized with Phanerotoma saussurei Kohl. Lectotypes are designated for Goniozus procerae Risbec, Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson and Garouella ovicida Risbec. The known distributions, biologies and alternative hosts of each parasitoid are provided, and their use as biological control agents or components of integrated pest management programmes are discussed.

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