Molecular characterization of the entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium spp. (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) isolated from white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Leal ◽  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Harry H. Kope
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Lecanicillium Longisporum

AbstractThe entomopathogenic fungal genus Lecanicillium Gams and Zare includes species that are highly pathogenic to many genera of insects. Three species, Lecanicillium longisporum (Petch) Zare and W. Gams, L. muscarium (Petch) Zare and W. Gams, and L. pissodis Kope and Leal, were found to be entomopathogens of adult white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi (Peck), in coastal British Columbia. Morphological characteristics were used to identify these species, but variation in conidial shape and size made it difficult to classify some of the isolates into the correct species of Lecanicillium. To confirm the identity of these Lecanicillium species, we used molecular tools such as polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing.

scholarly journals Molecular and Pathogenicity Characterization of Sphaceloma manihoticola Isolates from South-Central Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Alvarez ◽  
Juan Fernando Mejia ◽  
Teresa L. Valle
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Poly Merase Chain Reaction ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pathogenic Variation

Isolates of Sphaceloma manihoticola, the asexual stage of Elsinoe brasiliensis, were collected from several regions of south-central Brazil. The isolates were obtained from samples of leaves, stems, and petioles of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and the weedy Euphorbia heterophylla (“amendoim bravo”) by directly plating infected tissue onto acidified potato dextrose agar. For pathogenicity studies, 19 isolates were inoculated onto each of two cassava cultivars, MBRA 703 as a susceptible cultivar and MBRA 12 as a resistant cultivar to S. manihoticola. MBRA 703, with the greatest pathogenicity to 58% (11) of the isolates, showed an intermediate pathogenic reaction to 16% (3) of the isolates, and was less pathogenic to 26% (5) of the isolates. MBRA 12, with a less pathogenic reaction to 63% (12) of the isolates, showed an intermediate pathogenic reaction to 16% (3) of the isolates, and was highly pathogenic to 21% (4) of the isolates. The isolates were verified as belonging to the genus Sphaceloma based on their morphological characteristics, including conidia and hyphae of monoconidial isolate. Conidia of isolates were small, thin-walled, ellipsoid to (rarely) globose, commonly with one or two gut-tules. Conidiophores were phialides, hyaline to slightly pigmented 0-to-1 septate; conidiophores from the weedy specie were phialides, hyaline to brown 0-to-2 septate producing hyaline conidia. The isolates also were verified as belonging to the genus Sphaceloma by using a poly-merase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which detected a 645-bp band in all isolates except two (1 and 6) for which the PCR product had 600 bp. Digestion of the amplified product with the enzymes MspI and CfoI allowed differences to be detected in restriction patterns among isolates. A homogeneous banding pattern was obtained for 17 of the isolates but a different restriction pattern was obtained for isolates 1 and 6 of E. heterophylla. This suggests the possibility of another species within this group of isolates. The results indicate the presence of pathogenic variation among isolates of the fungus and an isolate-host interaction, because statistically significant differences were observed between the two cassava cultivars in response to inoculation with the isolates of S. manihoticola.

HOST SPECIFICITY IN PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): ROLES OF GEOGRAPHY, GENETICS, AND BEHAVIOR

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi

AbstractHost specificity of Pissodes strobi (Peck) from different geographic regions and genetic divergence of local host-associated weevil populations were studied in a series of experiments. Pacific coast P. strobi reared from Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr (Pinaceae), were unable to successfully colonize either eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae), or western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don., in a forced-infestation study on interplanted trees in New York. Reproductively mature field-collected P. strobi from British Columbia did not oviposit on eastern white pine in New York, but field-collected New York weevils successfully reproduced in Sitka spruce leaders in British Columbia. Unacceptability of eastern white pine for western P. strobi was shown to be under genetic control, rather than influenced by prior host experience on Sitka spruce. Pissodes strobi originating from Sitka spruce but reared one generation in the laboratory on the exotic Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., were also unable to utilize eastern white pine as a host in a forced-infestation experiment in the field. Population genetic studies using allozyme electrophoresis found that P. strobi populations occurring on different host species within 2 km of each other had significant differences in allele frequencies in three out of four cases. These results suggest that P. strobi can exist as small breeding populations that can facilitate host specialization. Applied research on host resistance against P. strobi could target mechanisms that prevent western P. strobi from utilizing nonhosts such as eastern and western white pines.

ASSESSING NATURAL SELECTION IN WHITE PINE WEEVILS (PISSODES STROBI PECK) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FOR OVERCOMING RESISTANCE IN TREES: AN EVOLUTIONARY MODEL

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Evolution Of Tolerance

AbstractAn evolutionary model was constructed for the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck). This weevil attacks Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bongard) Carriere], and Sitka spruce trees have two forms, one being susceptible to the insect attacks and the other being resistant to attack. There is a fear that insects may develop tolerance to the resistant trees. The strategy of interplanting susceptible and resistant trees to minimize the likelihood of the insects developing tolerance mechanisms to circumvent the resistance is examined. It is found that if only one gene locus is involved, the development of tolerance occurs more quickly than if resistance is governed by two independent loci. The rate of evolution of tolerance to tree resistance is retarded by increased adult survivorship, the degree of recessiveness of the gene, preferential attack of susceptible trees, redistribution of intolerant insects from resistant to susceptible trees, and the immigration of wild-type insects.

Geochemical characterization of ochre from central coastal British Columbia, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 3620-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Lee MacDonald ◽  
R.G.V. Hancock ◽  
Aubrey Cannon ◽  
Alice Pidruczny
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

RESISTANCE AGAINST WHITE PINE WEEVIL: EFFECTS ON WEEVIL REPRODUCTION AND HOST FINDING

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Sahota ◽  
J.F. Manville ◽  
F.G. Peet ◽  
E.E. White ◽  
A.I. Ibaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Ovarian Maturation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractFeeding on leaders of resistant Sitka spruce trees, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., Led to ovarian regression in white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi Peck., that contained already mature eggs at the time of caging on leaders. Such feeding also led to inhibition or a virtual blockage of ovarian development in weevils that did not contain already mature eggs at the time of caging. Ovarian maturation in such weevils was restored by application of juvenile hormone to female weevils. Effects of three levels of resistance were consistent within the experiments and with the field performance of the tested clones. These results indicate that the effects of resistance were postingestive, i.e., resistance was a form of antibiosis. How antibiosis can cause the weevils to concentrate oviposition on susceptible trees is discussed. Results also provide a means of selecting and ranking resistance of individual spruce trees for tree breeding and reforestation.

Characterization of microsatellite loci in white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi )

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherdsak Liewlaksaneeyanawin ◽  
Carol E. Ritland ◽  
Craig H. Newton ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Oviposition biology of Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on white pine (Pinaceae) under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Trudel ◽  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Éric Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Old Females ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractStudies were conducted to document the oviposition biology of female white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. Data were recorded on female fecundity and daily feeding and oviposition activities. In addition, we compared fecundity of 1- and 2-year-old females. Female white pine weevils laid a mean ± SE total number of 132.3 ± 7.5 eggs (range 40–344 eggs) during an average oviposition period of 5.8 ± 0.4 weeks. It is during the first 5 weeks that white pine weevils lay the most eggs, with an egg-laying peak in the second week of the oviposition period. For a few females, egg production did not cease until the 22nd week. There was no difference between the number of eggs laid in the photophase and in the scotophase, but higher numbers of feeding punctures were observed during the night than during the day. The oviposition and feeding results for 2-year-old female white pine weevils were similar to those for 1-year-old females. This information contributes to the management of white pine weevils by providing a better understanding of some of the mechanisms of its population dynamics.

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