Phylogeny of genus Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) inferred from morphological and allozyme data

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Albuquerque Motta ◽  
Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira ◽  
Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships within the genus Wyeomyia Theobald are presented, based on a cladistic analysis of 88 morphological characters (from adults, larvae, and pupae) of 38 named species and 1 unnamed species and 46 allozyme markers from a subset of 19 of these species. Two taxa are used as outgroup (Sabethes aurescens Lutz and Limatus durhami Theobald). The analysis indicates that, as currently defined, the genus Wyeomyia is not a monophyletic lineage: firstly, the genus Onirion Peyton and Harbach is nested within the genus Wyeomyia, and secondly, the subgenus Phoniomyia Theobald is a monophyletic lineage outside the genus Wyeomyia. Our results also demonstrate that the subgenera Cruzmyia Lane and Cerqueira, Decamyia Dyar, Dendromyia Theobald, Spilonympha Motta and Lourenço-de-Oliveira, and Prosopolepis Lutz are monophyletic lineages nested within the genus Wyeomyia. Triamyia Dyar is resurrected as a subgenus of Wyeomyia to include W. aporonoma Dyar and Knab and W. staminifera Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Motta, and Castro. The subgenus Miamyia Dyar is resurrected to include seven species: W. codiocampa Dyar and Knab, W. lutzi (Costa Lima), W. limai Lane and Cerqueira, W. serrata (Lutz), W. hosautos Dyar and Knab, W. oblita (Lutz), and W. sabethea Lane and Cerqueira.

scholarly journals Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO ◽  
CHRISTOPH BÜCKLE
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Apennines ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Group V ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Limited Dispersal

A small sector of Northern Apennines the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines constitutes an interesting diversity centre of a new Verdanus species group closely related to V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group. It consists of three species: V. tyrannus sp. nov., V. saurosus sp. nov. and V. rosaurus sp. nov., the latter with two subspecies, V. rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov. and V. rosaurus rex ssp. nov., which doubtless form a monophyletic group (V. rosaurus group). Data on their distribution, ecology and life cycle are added to their original descriptions. The new taxa live allopatrically in a very restricted area and thus occupy a distribution gap of another species group of Verdanus, the V. abdominalis group, present in Italy in the mountain regions of the Alps and Central and Southern Apennines. A hypothesis of the origin of the new taxa is presented based on the ecological conditions in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines during the last Postglacial period and on the limited dispersal ability of these normally brachypterous insects. Possible synapomorphic characters and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa with each other and with V. bensoni (China) and the V. limbatellus group (V. limbatellus (Zetterstedt), V. kyrilli (Emeljanov), V. sichotanus (Anufriev), V. kaszabi (Dlabola)) are discussed and a cladistic analysis is conducted. Comparing V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group on the one hand and the V. rosaurus group on the other, some morphological characters appear to change often in parallel on the same paths, independently from the phylogenetic hypothesis. Remarkably, within the same morphological characters the range of variation among species inhabiting the comparatively minute area of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines is similar to that found among other taxa distributed across vast areas of northern and central Eurasia.

A review of the systematics and phylogeny of the African Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Rourke
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The South ◽  
Savannah Woodland

In Africa the Proteaceae are represented by 16 genera of which two (Dilobeia Thouars. and Malagasia L.Johnson and B.Briggs) are endemic to Madagascar and one (Faurea Harv.) is common to both Madagascar and Africa where it is widespread in forest and savannah woodland from the southern Cape to Eritrea. The remaining 13 genera are Cape-centred (10 are endemic to the western Cape) and with the exception of the monotypic riverine Brabejum L. (Grevilleoideae), are confined to fynbos (heathland) communities on oligotrophic soils. These 12 Cape heathland genera currently assigned to two subtribes (Proteinae and Aulacinae) within the subfamily Proteoideae have all been recently revised or are in the final stages of revision. Preliminary cladistic studies now suggest that they could be arranged in several new subtribes within the subfamily Proteoideae to reflect more accurately their phylogenetic relationships. Using morphological characters in a cladistic analysis, the South African Proteoideae (tribe Proteeae) resolve into two broad groups; Aulax Berg., Faurea Harv. and Protea L. form a weakly supported group while the second, large, well-supported group resolves into two clades in which the heterogeneous Leucadendron R.Br. stands apart while the other clade underpinned by Vexatorella Rourke resolves into two further groups, the ‘Leucospermum group’ and the ‘Serruria group’. The dioecious genera Leucadendron and Aulax previously united in the subtribe Aulacinae have been shown to differ markedly and should probably be placed in separate subtribes. Selection pressure, especially from fire and pollinators, has resulted in major morphological modifications in the 12 fynbos genera from the western Cape.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL LEMAITRE ◽  
PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN ◽  
ULF SORHANNUS
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the “symmetrical” hermit crab family Pylochelidae were analyzed for 41 of the 45 species and subspecies currently considered valid. In the analyses, 78 morphological characters comprised the data matrix and the outgroup consisted of Thalassina anomala, a member of the Thalassinidae, and Munida quadrispina, a member of the Galatheidae. A poorly resolved strict consensus tree was obtained from a heuristic parsimony analysis of unweighted and unordered characters, which showed the family Pylochelidae and the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Pomatochelinae to be monophyletic taxa – the latter two groups had the highest Bremer support values. Additionally, while the subgenus Pylocheles (Pylocheles) was strongly supported, the subgenera Xylocheles, and Bathycheles were not. More fully resolved trees were obtained when using implied weighting, which recognized the monotypic subfamilies Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. The subfamily Trizochelinae was found to have four distinct clades and several ambiguously placed taxa.

Phylogenetic analysis of the rumen ciliate family Ophryoscolecidae based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, with new sequences fromDiplodinium,Eudiplodinium, andOphryoscolex

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
André-Denis G. Wright ◽  
Denis H. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Sequences ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the largest family of entodiniomorphid rumen ciliates, the Ophryoscolecidae, were inferred from comparisons of small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. These included three new sequences from Diplodinium dentatum (1638 base pairs (bp)), Eudiplodinium maggii (1637 bp), and Ophryoscolex purkynjei (1636 bp). Using morphological characters, Lubinsky constructed a cladogram of the Ophryoscolecidae, and on the basis of his analysis, he divided the family into three subfamilies (Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, Ophryoscolecinae) to reflect his "natural" groupings (G. Lubinsky. 1957. Can. J. Zool. 35: 141 – 159). Our cladistic analysis, based on the limited morphological and ultrastructural data available, indicates that there are no synapomorphies supporting the Diplodiniinae sensu Lubinsky. However, based upon the six 18S sequences for the Ophryoscolecidae, the rumen ciliates are monophyletic and fall into three distinct groups corresponding to Lubinsky's subfamilial division of the family. Our molecular analysis shows Entodinium to be the earliest branching rumen ciliate (subfamily Entodiniinae) and Eudiplodinium, not Diplodiium, branching first among the diplodiniines.

A revision of the wasp genus Paniscomima (Hymenoptera:Rhopalosomatidae) and a proposal of phylogenetic relationships among species

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Elena Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Malaise Traps ◽  
First Descriptions

Species of the wasp family Rhopalosomatidae are parasitoids of crickets. The last revision of this family was completed 30 years ago. Since then, with many more specimens collected by Malaise traps, an update of existing descriptions and keys has been made possible. New generic characters have been added to the description for Paniscomima Enderlein. Four new species of Paniscomima are described: P. angelae, sp. nov., P. darlingi, sp. nov., P. lottacontinua, sp. nov., and P. paropposita, sp. nov. The first descriptions of male P. seyrigi (Berland) and female P. opposita Townes and a key to the species of Paniscomima are provided. A cladistic analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the 11 nominal species of Paniscomima. Sixteen morphological characters were used in the analysis and exemplars from the genus Rhopalosoma were used as outgroup taxa. The phylogenetic analysis supports a South-east Asian clade with a sister species from Madagascar and a basal polytomy of species occurring in Africa (including Madagascar).

Systematics of the southern African genus Epirinus Reiche (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini): descriptions of new species and phylogeny

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Medina ◽  
Clarke Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Genital Segment ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Genus

AbstractThe genus Epirinus is reviewed. It consists of 29 species, including six new ones described in this paper: E. aquilus, E. hluhluwensis, E. minimus, E. ngomae, E. pseudorugosus and E. sebastiani. A key to all the species of Epririnus is provided as are distribution map and illustrations of the most important morphological features to distinguish the species. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus are investigated, using cladistic analysis of 79 morphological characters including male and female genitalia. Various synapomorphies support the genus Epirinus as a monophyletic group of species. They are: shape of the internal border of the eye, genital segment with short projections, and presence of sclerite “X” in the internal male genitalia. There is no support for the flightless species to be treated as a separate genus, as has been proposed in the past.

The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
DALVA L. QUEIROZ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
East West

The Neotropical psyllid genus Tainarys Brèthes, 1920 is revised to include 14 extant and one fossil species from Dominican amber. Eight species are described as new, viz. Tainarys aroeira sp. nov., T. atra sp. nov., T. hapla sp. nov., T. myracrodrui sp. nov., T. nigricornis sp. nov., T. didyma sp. nov. and T. orientalis sp. nov. from Brazil, the last two also from Uruguay, as well as T. lozadai sp. nov. from Peru. The fifth instar immatures are described for nine species. †Vicinilura Klimaszewski, 1996, erected for the fossil †V. reposta Klimaszewski, 1996 and previously synonymised with Leurolophus Tuthill, 1942, is synonymised here (syn. nov.) with Tainarys and †V. reposta is transferred to become †Tainarys reposta (Klimaszewski), comb. nov. The descriptions are supplemented by illustrations and keys for the identification of adults and immatures. Phylogenetic relationships between species are investigated with a cladistic analysis using 22 adult and six immature morphological characters. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious, fully resolved tree. The fossil species is nested within the genus rather than being the sister taxon of the remainder of species. The extant species are restricted to the subtropical and temperate parts of South America. Three pairs of sister clades display an east‒west South American and one a midwest‒southern Brazilian geographical vicariance. Host plants are confirmed for nine and likely for another four species. They are Astronium, Haplorhus, Myracrodruon, Schinopsis and Schinus (Anacardiaceae). All Tainarys species appear to be oligophagous inducing irregular leaf curls on their hosts. 

Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta : Phyllodocida)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Glasby
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Minimum Length

A family revision and cladistic analysis of the superfamily Nereidoidea sensu George and Hartmann - Schroder, 1985 (Polychaeta : Phyllodocida) based on internal and external morphological characters is presented. The superfamily, presently lacking synapomorphies, contains the Antonbruunidae, Calamyzidae, Hesionidae, Levidoridae, Nautiliniellidae, Nereididae, Pilargidae and Syllidae. Three synapomorphies are proposed: anterior or, rarely, anteroventral palps; paired pharyngeal retractor muscles; and the presence of metanephromixia. On the basis of this definition, the Chrysopetalidae are moved to the Nereidoidea. The requirement for ingroup monophyly necessitated synonymising the Antonbruunidae with the Pilargidae, and the Calamyzidae and Levidoridae with the Syllidae. The Nautiliniellidae are redefined. The cladistic analysis using 15 characters (21 apomorphic character states) and 3 outgroups (Aphroditidae, Polynoidae, and Sigalionidae) produced 3 minimum-length cladograms each with 29 steps and consistency index of 0.72. The cladograms showed the Nereidoidea to consist of 2 monophyletic groups: the Nereididae - (Chrysopetalidae - Hesionidae) and the Pilargidae - Nautiliniellidae - Syllidae. The topology of the latter group was variable; one cladogram had the Pilargidae as the sister-group of the Nautiliniellidae and Syllidae, and another had the Syllidae as the sister-group of the Nautiliniellidae and the Pilargidae. Evolutionary scenarios for multistate characters are given, and the phylogenetic relationships of taxa are discussed.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

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