scholarly journals Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juerg E. Frey ◽  
Beatrice Frey ◽  
Robert Baur
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a major pest of Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.

Imaging and Cognitive Genetics: The Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Espeseth ◽  
Andrea Christoforou ◽  
Astri J. Lundervold ◽  
Vidar M. Steen ◽  
Stephanie Le Hellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Data collection for the Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics sample (NCNG) was initiated in 2003 with a research grant (to Ivar Reinvang) to study cognitive aging, brain function, and genetic risk factors. The original focus was on the effects of aging (from middle age and up) and candidate genes (e.g., APOE, CHRNA4) in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, with the cognitive and MRI-based data primarily being used for this purpose. However, as the main topic of the project broadened from cognitive aging to imaging and cognitive genetics more generally, the sample size, age range of the participants, and scope of available phenotypes and genotypes, have developed beyond the initial project. In 2009, a genome-wide association (GWA) study was undertaken, and the NCNG proper was established to study the genetics of cognitive and brain function more comprehensively. The NCNG is now controlled by the NCNG Study Group, which consists of the present authors. Prominent features of the NCNG are the adult life-span coverage of healthy participants with high-dimensional imaging, and cognitive data from a genetically homogenous sample. Another unique property is the large-scale (sample size 300–700) use of experimental cognitive tasks focusing on attention and working memory. The NCNG data is now used in numerous ongoing GWA-based studies and has contributed to several international consortia on imaging and cognitive genetics. The objective of the following presentation is to give other researchers the information necessary to evaluate possible contributions from the NCNG to various multi-sample data analyses.

Trait patterns of aquatic insects across gradients of flow-related factors: a multivariate analysis of Canadian national data

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli Horrigan ◽  
Donald J Baird
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Consistent Manner

Large-scale comparisons of aquatic bioassessment metrics based on taxonomic composition are currently constrained by the biogeographic limitations of taxon occurrence. The use of species trait patterns offers a possibility to overcome this constraint. We examine the assertion that the trait composition of aquatic insect communities changes in a consistent manner along similar environmental disturbance gradients by evaluating relationships between traits and three flow-related variables (velocity, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen) in 13 independently collected Canadian data sets. Certain trait states such as low crawling rate, common occurrence in drift, short adult life span, erosional rheophily, medium size at maturity, and cold or cool thermal preference were consistently sensitive to all three flow-related factors, velocity in particular, despite biogeographic differences in faunal composition. Trait modalities exhibiting the highest mean correlation with velocity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were identified, and the potential confounding effect of trait “syndromes” was addressed by restricting the selection of flow-sensitive traits to those with high evolutionary lability. The results of the study provide a basis for the future development of flow bioassessment metrics at the national Canadian scale and potentially at the international scale.

Rational strategies for the control of queleas and other migrant bird pests in Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 287 (1022) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Migrant Bird

The red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea , a major pest of cereal crops in Africa, has been ‘controlled’ in many countries for over 20 years. Yet its numbers do not appear to have altered significantly in consequence. Low rainfall, which adversely affects the supply of the birds’ natural food (wild grass seeds), can be held responsible for the temporary decline in numbers in South Africa between 1955 and 1963, and for the currently reduced population in the Sahel states. Attempts to make the population reduction strategy effective by increasing the control effort are likely to be unsuccessful and costly. Instead, other crop protection strategies should be selected, each appropriate to particular damage situations. Where damage is caused to irrigated crops in the dry season, or to wet season crops grown along the birds’ migration routes, an alteration of crop phenology strategy is appropriate. But where damage is caused by newly independent young, the destruction of nearby breeding colonies is required. Such destruction should aim to give local and temporary relief and not attempt overall regulation of the pest’s population. Neither scaring techniques (including chemical repellents), nor so-called birdproof varieties, offer much hope, since damage is largely caused by birds which have no alternative, natural, food source at the time. Other bird pest species require substantial biological research before logical decisions on strategy can be made.

Laboratory studies on the role of an egg predator,Blattisocius tarsalis(Berlese) (Acari: Ascidae), in relation to the natural control ofEphestia Cautella(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Warehouses

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Blattisocius Tarsalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractEffective control ofEphestia cautella(Wlk.) byBlattisocius tarsalis(Berl.) has occasionally been observed in warehouses. It has been postulated that this control is negated by fumigation under sheets, because of differential effects on the moth and its predator, and removal of alternative prey. The biology ofB. tarsaliswas studied at 27°C and 73% RH. On eggs ofE. cautella, development took 5·9 days and there was 7% mortality; on eggs ofTribolium oastaneum(Hbst.), development took 7·4 days and there was 48% mortality. When offered a choice of eggs of the two pest species, the mites very rarely preyed on those ofT. castaneum. The number ofE. cautellaeggs consumed (after correction for partial consumption) was 3·8 (total) by nymphs, 2·4/day by ovipositing females, 1·5/day by non-ovipositing females, and 0·8/day by males. The sex ratio (female: male) was 2·5:1. Adult life-span averaged about 55 days (maximum 153 days), and the oviposition period lasted about 20 days. Females laid up to 5 eggs/day at peak oviposition. The potential rate of increase ofB. tarsalisonE. cautellaeggs was very high, far exceeding that of its prey. These data confirm previous postulates concerning the role ofB. tarsalisin natural control ofE. cautella, and support the hypothesis that fumigation reduces predator-effectiveness. Modification of control regimes might allow greater natural control by the mite and reduce the increasing pest status of the moth.

Interdisciplinary Adult Life Span Learning (Really!)

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Bjorklund
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span

Emotion experience and expression across the adult life span: Insights from a multimodal assessment study.

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Magai ◽  
Nathan S. Consedine ◽  
Yulia S. Krivoshekova ◽  
Elizabeth Kudadjie-Gyamfi ◽  
Renee McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Multimodal Assessment ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Assessment Study

Interchannel Relationships for Emotional Perception Across the Adult Life Span

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Finley ◽  
Joan C. Borod ◽  
Adam Brickman ◽  
J. M. Schmidt ◽  
Stephanie Assuras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Emotional Perception

Modeling Spoken Discourse Comprehension Across the Adult Life Span

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Hale ◽  
Mitchell S. Sommers ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Nancy Tye-Murray ◽  
Nathan Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Spoken Discourse

Decoy effects in preferential choice across the adult life span

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Faust ◽  
Kristi S. Multhaup ◽  
Patricia A. Brooks ◽  
Sarah Frey ◽  
Blair Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Decoy Effects
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