Influence of wing loading on Colorado potato beetle flight

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽  
Gilles Boiteau ◽  
Dan Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Wing Surface ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Flight Frequency ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Poor Nutrition

AbstractFlight of overwintered and summer population Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with a range of wing loadings was measured following exposure to different quality diets. Beetles fed a diet of insect-resistant foliage expressing Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrioniz toxins, beetles that did not feed but consumed water, and those that were starved without access to water exhibited a lower range of wing loadings than those fed conventional foliage, but there was no corresponding increase in flight frequency. Exposing potato beetles to poor food or no food resulted in a wing-loading range of 50–140 mg/cm2 compared with a range of 80–200 mg/cm2 for beetles fed conventional foliage. No flight was observed when wing loadings were less than 80 mg/cm2 of wing surface, presumably because of other physiological processes associated with poor nutrition and not because of wing loading per se. Overwintered and summer population beetles fed a diet of conventional potato foliage did not take off when wing loading exceeded 150 mg/cm2 of supporting wing surface. Similar trade-offs between flight capacity and consumption of large meals may exist for other insects.

Should I stay or should I go? Complex environments influence the developmental plasticity of flight capacity and flight-related trade-offs

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R Glass ◽  
Zachary R Stahlschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Flight Capacity

Abstract Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors concurrently provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g. dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions (e.g. trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28 °C vs. 28 ± 5 °C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Using a univariate approach, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food availability promoted survival, development, growth, body size and/or reproductive investment. Using principal components as indices of resource allocation strategy, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food reduced investment into flight capacity in females. Thus, we detected a sex-specific trade-off between flight and other life-history traits that was developmentally plastic in response to variation in temperature and food availability. We develop an experimental and statistical framework to reveal shifts in correlative patterns of investment into different life-history traits. This approach can be applied to a range of biological systems to investigate how environmental complexity influences traits and trait trade-offs.

Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Survival and Fecundity after Short- and Long-Term Rearing on Artificial Diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Thorpe ◽  
Robert L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Short And Long Term

Survival, fecundity, and development time of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), reared for a single generation or multiple generations (7 to 9) on one of three artificial diets or potato foliage and then switched back to potato foliage were measured. There were no consistent differences in any of the variables among diets regardless of whether the insects had been reared for one or many generations on artificial diets. Adult survival was about 80% at 10 wks after eclosion and <10% after 30 wks. Females produced an average of 977 and 796 eggs by week 16 after being reared for a single and for many generations, respectively, on artificial diets. Egg hatch rates ranged from 81% at week 3 to 14% on week 15, resulting in an average larval production of 516 and 552 by week 16 for females reared for a single and for many generations, respectively, on artificial diets. These results suggest that Colorado potato beetles reared on artificial diets can be used in subsequent tests on foliage without significant carryover effects from either short- or long-term rearing on these diets.

scholarly journals Introduction. Integration of ecology and endocrinology in avian reproduction: a new synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1497) ◽  
pp. 1581-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Wingfield ◽  
Tony D Williams ◽  
Marcel E Visser
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Avian Reproduction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Birds are some of the most familiar organisms of global ecosystems. Changes in the visibility and abundance of birds are therefore excellent indicators of population and physiological responses to habitat changes and are a major focus for public concern about detrimental environmental changes. In order to understand how birds respond to these challenges, it is essential to determine how the environment affects reproduction under natural conditions. The continuum from environmental variables (cues) to reproductive life-history traits depends upon a cascade of neural and physiological processes that determine the extent and rate at which birds will be able to adapt to changes in their environment. For a full understanding of this ability to adapt, ecologists and endocrinologists need to collaborate and build a common framework. The objective of this theme issue is to bring together a series of papers addressing how evolutionary ecologists and endocrinologists can collaborate directly using avian reproduction as a model system. First, we address the need to integrate ecology and endocrinology and what benefits to biological knowledge will be gained. The papers collected in this issue represent a new synthesis of ecology and endocrinology as discussed in three E-BIRD workshops. The three main foci are trade-offs and constraints, maternal effects and individual variation. Authors within each group present ecological and endocrinological aspects of their topics and many go on to outline testable hypotheses. Finally, we discuss where the major problems remain and how this issue points out where these need collaborative efforts of ecologists and endocrinologists. Specific challenges are raised to future researchers to break through intellectual barriers and explore new frontiers. This framework of topics will ultimately apply to all taxa because the principles involved are universal and hopefully will have direct application to programmes integrating organisms and genes throughout biological sciences.

scholarly journals THE MAIN FACTORS OF PREMATURE AGING OF THE HUMAN BODY AND THEIR PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF NEUROIMMUNE ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
D S Medvedev ◽  
S A Bondarev ◽  
A G Shchurov ◽  
O A Churganov ◽  
D N Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The results of a study aimed at the analysis of the main risk factors of premature aging of the human body and assessment of their pathogenic significance are presented in the article. According to the literature, the main risk factors for premature aging are: metabolic disorders, obesity, lack of exercise, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), weighed down by premature aging heredity, poor nutrition, prolonged and frequent episodes of nervous and mental overexertion. The assessment of the pathogenetic significance of these factors from the standpoint of neuroimmune endocrine interactions has been conducted. It has been shown that the considered risk factors have systemic adverse effects on the human body, activating different pathogenetic cellular and molecular mechanisms. The results of the study expand the understanding of the systemic adverse effects of risk factors on physiological processes and can be used in prevention of premature aging

scholarly journals Water and Energy nexus: findings of the World Water Development Report 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
M. Miletto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Development ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Many

Abstract. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are likely to include increased access to water and energy services. The fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) Water and Energy aims to contribute to the this international process by informing the decision-making about the interlinkages, potential synergies and trade-offs as well as by stressing the need for appropriate responses and regulatory frameworks that account for both water and energy priorities. The Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the impacts of ever-increasing energy production on water resources and water users, including agriculture, rapidly expanding cities, expanding industry and the environment. It analyses major and emerging trends from around the world, with examples of how some of the trend-related challenges have been addressed, their implications for policy-makers, and further actions that can be taken by stakeholders and the international community. As the first of a new series of theme-oriented reports to be released on an annual basis, the WWDR 2014 marks a pivotal new direction for the WWDR series, for the World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), and the many partner agencies that contribute substantially in the production of the flagship report of UN-Water.

scholarly journals Longevity and ageing: appraising the evolutionary consequences of growing old

2005 ◽  
Vol 361 (1465) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Senescence or ageing is an increase in mortality and/or decline in fertility with increasing age. Evolutionary theories predict that ageing or longevity evolves in response to patterns of extrinsic mortality or intrinsic damage. If ageing is viewed as the outcome of the processes of behaviour, growth and reproduction then it should be possible to predict mortality rate. Recent developments have shown that it is now possible to integrate these ecological and physiological processes and predict the shape of mortality trajectories. By drawing on the key exciting developments in the cellular, physiological and ecological process of longevity the evolutionary consequences of ageing are reviewed. In presenting these ideas an evolutionary demographic framework is used to argue how trade-offs in life-history strategies are important in the maintenance of variation in longevity within and between species. Evolutionary processes associated with longevity have an important role in explaining levels of biological diversity and speciation. In particular, the effects of life-history trait trade-offs in maintaining and promoting species diversity are explored. Such trade-offs can alleviate the effects of intense competition between species and promote species coexistence and diversification. These results have important implications for understanding a number of core ecological processes such as how species are divided among niches, how closely related species co-occur and the rules by which species assemble into food-webs. Theoretical work reveals that the proximate physiological processes are as important as the ecological factors in explaining the variation in the evolution of longevity. Possible future research challenges integrating work on the evolution and mechanisms of growing old are briefly discussed.

DIFLUBENZURON: DIFFERENTIAL TOXICITY TO LARVAE OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) AND ITS INTERNAL PARASITE, DORYPHOROPHAGA DORYPHORAE (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tamaki ◽  
R. L. Chauvin ◽  
H. R. Moffitt ◽  
K. D. Mantey
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Differential Toxicity ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Tachinid Parasite ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

AbstractAn insecticide, diflubenzuron, suppressed 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), with reduced effect on the tachinid parasite, Doryphorophaga doryphorae (Riley), developing within the larvae. Concentrations applied to potato foliage were 50, 100, 300, and 500 mg/L. In laboratory and greenhouse tests, parasite survival was not adversely affected when the 3rd instars were treated with 50 mg/L diflubenzuron but survival decreased to 0 and 4% at 300 and 500 mg/L. Survival and emergence of the parasite from treated 4th instars were not adversely affected at any concentration tested. Fourth-instar beetle larvae were much more tolerant of diflubenzuron than were the 3rd instars. Neither fertility nor the ability to parasitize beetle larvae was adversely affected in adult parasites emerging from treated 3rd or 4th instars. Adult beetles developing from treated larvae mated normally and laid fertile eggs. Foliage consumption by the beetle larvae decreased progressively as dosage of diflubenzuron increased but only slowly once the dosage increased beyond 100 mg/L.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document