New synonymy and new sawfly host records for Cirrospilus vittatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in North America

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Huber ◽  
Gaétan Moreau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractCirrospilus flavoviridis Crawford, syn. nov., is synonymized under C. vittatus Walker. It is newly recorded as a solitary egg parasitoid from eggs of Neodiprion abietis Harris (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceace), in New Brunswick and Newfoundland and from eggs of Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl in Wisconsin.

Host–tree oviposition preference of balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in New Brunswick, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Rob C. Johns ◽  
J. Fidgen ◽  
Don P. Ostaff
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractLaboratory experiments using field-collected females were carried out to determine the oviposition preference of the balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in New Brunswick, Canada. Unmated adult females given no choice among host–plant foliage laid ∼98% of available eggs on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae), but only 8% and 10%, respectively, on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg). Given a choice among shoots from all three hosts in the same chamber, unmated females laid all but one egg in balsam fir. Host plant had no effect on female longevity, although there were nearly four- to eightfold more empty egg slits on balsam fir needles, owing presumably to the greater activity of females on this preferred host foliage.

ACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE OF FENITROTHION IN NEEDLES OF BALSAM FIR AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON ABUNDANCE OF NEODIPRION ABIETIS (HARRIS) (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
V.N. Mallet
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
The Family

AbstractFenitrothion accumulates in foliage tissue of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., in the forest, but only until about 1.5 μg/g is reached. The balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris), which belongs to the family of forest insects known to be most sensitive to fenitrothion, has become rare but persists in New Brunswick in spite of the use of fenitrothion for control of spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumerifana (Clemens).

Notes on larval instars and adult antennae of Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-748
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Physiological Study ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Northern United States

The native balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), occurs throughout Canada, Alaska, and the northern United States of America (Rose et al. 1994; Drooz 1985). This sawfly was originally described as Lophyrus abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (Harris 1841), then transferred to the genus Diprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (MacGillivray 1916). Rohwer (1918) established the genus Neodiprion for Nearctic species of the genera Lophyrus and Diprion. Based on differences in size, color, and female genitalic characters between adults reared from the genera Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga (Pinaceae), Ross (1955) considered N. abietis as a complex. After a thorough morphological and physiological study, Knerer and Atwood (1972) concluded that there were five strains of N. abietis in North America: one western and four eastern.

Growth loss and recovery following defoliation by the balsam fir sawfly in young, spaced balsam fir stands

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Piene ◽  
Don P. Ostaff ◽  
Eldon S. Eveleigh
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Growth Recovery ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Intensively Managed

AbstractTwo stands of intensively managed balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae)] in western Newfoundland, located within an area infested by the balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) complex, were selected to study growth loss and recovery following severe defoliation by the balsam fir sawfly in the early 1990s. Four years after the start of the outbreak, volume increments were reduced by 78–81%. The decreased volume increment and recovery coincided well with the balsam fir sawfly outbreak and decline. The growth recovery rates following severe balsam fir sawfly defoliation were slow due to the absence of bud destruction, which triggers the release of suppressed buds, and thus increases foliage production. It is imperative that the severe losses in volume growth caused by balsam fir sawfly defoliation are incorporated into wood supply analyses so that future annual allowable cuts may be adjusted. In addition, to ensure maximum recovery rates at the end of an outbreak, future populations must be kept at a minimum to avoid additional foliage loss.

Influence of plant-hardiness zone, shoot length, and crown class on the incidence of gouting by the balsam woolly adelgid on balsam fir

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Bertrand Guillet ◽  
Andrew Morrison ◽  
Drew Carleton ◽  
Don Ostaff ◽  
Dan Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Parabolic Relationship ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plant Hardiness

AbstractWe collected midcrown branches of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae), at six different sites located in five different plant-hardiness zones, along a north–south transect in New Brunswick, Canada, to evaluate the effect of plant-hardiness zone, crown class (overstory versus understory), and shoot length during the previous 10 years on the annual incidence of gouting by the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Site, crown class, and their interaction, along with the square of shoot length, explained 78% of the variation in gouting. Variations in gouting attributed to plant-hardiness zone were probably primarily due to variation in mean January temperature: at each site, the mean January temperature was positively and closely related to the mean level of gouting. The level of gouting was consistently higher on trees in the understory than on those in the overstory. Shoot length was parabolically related to the proportion of shoots with gout. The parabolic relationship between shoot size and the level of gouting is similar to that previously reported for galling adelgids, and suggests that gouting by A. piceae may be greatest on trees with an intermediate growth rate.

A study of fungal endophytes of needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada, using culture and electron microscope techniques

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3513-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Norman J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Petiole Segment

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the interiors of surface-sterilized needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada. Four different fungi were isolated frequently. One species, designated X-W, was isolated exlusively from the petiole segment of red spruce needles. There was no difference in the variety of species isolated from fir needles from two sites, but a difference in frequency of species did exist. Micrographs of the interior of balsam fir needles showed hyphae occupying intercellular spaces and adhering to the outer walls of parenchyma cells. No penetration of cells by either fungus was observed.

Windthrow and growth response following a spruce budworm inspired, variable retention harvest in New Brunswick, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Wilson ◽  
David A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth Release ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Variable Retention Harvest

Forest management regimes increasingly focus on the emulation of natural disturbance events, e.g., fire or insect outbreaks, to help increase ecosystem sustainability. We determined the residual stand response to a variable retention harvest inspired by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks in New Brunswick, Canada. Our objectives were to analyze the differences between surviving residual trees and those that succumbed to windthrow and to quantify growth release. The treatment was based on harvesting the estimated spruce budworm outbreak mortality, i.e., 90% of mature balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 60% of mature spruce (Picea spp.), and no hardwoods. Windthrow increased with the proportion of trees harvested and averaged 52% over 7–9 years in these stands with high balsam fir – spruce content. One-third of 42 harvested plots sustained >30% windthrow, whereas 73% of 11 similar unharvested plots had <10% windthrow. Balsam fir had higher windthrow than spruce at 53% and 41%, respectively. Windthrown balsam fir trees had significantly larger diameters at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m), larger heights, and smaller crown ratios than surviving residual trees. Substantial growth release occurred, with DBH increment of residual trees 48%–64% greater than trees in unharvested plots. Balsam fir and intolerant hardwoods exhibited the largest growth response. We suggest that future spruce budworm inspired harvests in stands with high balsam fir – spruce content use two or three entries about 5 years apart to reduce windthrow.

Nectria macrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Westerly Direction

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria macrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abies balsamea and other species of Pinaceae. DISEASE: On Pinaceae; canker of balsam fir GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: Canada (Quebec Province, British Columbia), USA (Oregon); Europe (Norway). TRANSMISSION: Ouellette found spread in a north westerly direction from the original island site. No evidence has been given for insect spread but this cannot be ruled out for this group of organisms.

A stand density management diagram for balsam fir in New Brunswick

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Penner ◽  
D E Swift ◽  
R. Gagnon ◽  
J. Brissette
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Stand Density Management

A stand management density diagram (SDMD) is presented for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests in New Brunswick. The SDMD incorporates a maximum size density line, as well as quadratic mean diameter and top height isolines. Several mortality functions are evaluated. The resultant SDMD should be a useful tool for projecting early stand development and determining the timing and intensity of thinnings. Key words: Acadian Forest Region, mortality curves

NEW INFORMATION CONCERNING BALSAM FIR DECAYS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham ◽  
P. V. Mook ◽  
A. G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
New Information

Four separate investigations of decay in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) have been carried out in recent years by forest pathologists in Eastern North America. Early in these studies it became apparent that the existing ideas concerning the identity of the fungi responsible for decay in living balsam fir trees required considerable revision. Trunk rot was confirmed as being caused mainly by Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. and Schw. ex Fries; however, five fungi, headed by Corticium galactinum (Fries) Burt, were found associated with most of the white stringy butt rots, and two fungi, Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fries) Karst. and Polyporus balsameus Peck, were associated with most of the brown cubical butt rots. Hitherto Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc. and P. balsameus were believed to cause practically all white and brown butt rots, respectively, in this species. The effect of site on the decay of living balsam fir is discussed, as is the extent and kind of decay with which each of the nine predominant heart-rot fungi was found associated. A brief outline is presented concerning the fungi found associated with the deterioration of dead balsam fir.

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