THE INFLUENCE OF THREE INSECTICIDES ON PREDATION OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McMullen ◽  
C. Jong
Keyword(s):  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Competition For Food

AbstractThe effects of sprays of DDT, azinphos-methyl, and Ryania applied to a pear orchard on population densities of insect predators of Psylla pyricola Förster were assessed. The P. pyricola in the orchard were naturally tolerant to DDT and Ryania and highly resistant to azinphos-methyl. DDT eliminated or severely reduced numbers of Deraeocoris brevis piceatus Knight, D. fasciolus Knight, Diaphnocoris provancheri (Burque), and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer). Chrysopa carnea Stephens and C. oculata Say were moderately reduced. Anthocoris antevolens (White) and A. melanocerus Reuter were highly tolerant to DDT. Azinphos-methyl severely reduced numbers of A. antevolens, A. melanocerus, C. verbasci, and D. provancheri. C. carnea and C. oculata were moderately reduced. D. brevis piceatus and D. fasciolus were tolerant to azinphos-methyl. Ryania severely reduced numbers of A. antevolens, A. melanocerus, and C. verbasci; moderately reduced D. provancheri; and did not affect D. brevis piceatus, D. fasciolus, C. carnea, or C. oculata.In the DDT-treated plots the relative densities of Anthocoris spp. approximately doubled compared with the untreated plots. This was probably due to removal of competition for food by other predator species. Large increases ill the relative densities of Deraeocoris spp. were also observed in the Ryania treatments, probably for similar reasons. Significant increases in the P. pyricola populations in response to removal of predation pressure by the insecticide treatments occurred in the DDT and azinphos-methyl plots bur not in the Ryania plots.

Resource use of insect seed predators during general flowering and seeding events in a Bornean dipterocarp rain forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Itioka ◽  
K. Momose ◽  
T. Yumoto ◽  
F. Komai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
General Flowering ◽  
Lowland Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractInsect seed predators of 24 dipterocarp species (including the genera of Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops and Shorea) and five species belonging to the Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Celastraceae and Sapotaceae were investigated. In a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, these trees produced seeds irregularly but intensely during general flowering and seeding events in 1996 and/or 1998. Dipterocarp seeds were preyed on by 51 insect species (11 families), which were roughly classified into three taxonomic groups: smaller moths (Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Immidae, Sesiidae and Cosmopterigidae), scolytids (Scolytidae) and weevils (Curculionidae, Apionidae, Anthribidae, and Attelabidae). Although the host-specificity of invertebrate seed predators has been assumed to be high in tropical forests, it was found that the diet ranges of some insect predators were relatively wide and overlapped one another. Most seed predators that were collected in both study years changed their diets between general flowering and seeding events. The results of cluster analyses, based on the number of adults of each predator species that emerged from 100 seeds of each tree species, suggested that the dominant species was not consistent, alternating between the two years.

Observations on the Effectiveness and Biology of the European Predator Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) in Oregon and Washington

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Buffama
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Canadian Department

In 1957, a program of introducing insect predators for control of the balsam woolly aphid, Chermes (= Adelges) piceae Ratz., was begun in Oregon and Washington. This program was made possible through the generous cooperation of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, which provided many of the predators. Eighteen predator species from Europe, Asia, and Australia were liberated from 1957 through 1960. Four of the species are known to have survived one or more winters and show promise of becoming permanently established.

Ecological release and insular shifts in avian morphological traits in the Caribbean

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Heathcote ◽  
Christopher De Ruyck ◽  
Paulson Des Brisay ◽  
Paula Grieef ◽  
Nicola Koper
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Ecological Release ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Herpestes Auropunctatus ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Bill Length

Abstract We compared support for 3 hypotheses that might explain observed morphological variation among islands of 4 species of Caribbean land birds: ecological release from competition and predation pressure, predation pressure from 1 novel predator species (small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus), and climate. We measured wing chord, tarsus length, bill length, and mass of Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola), Black-faced Grassquits (Tiaris bicolor), Lesser Antillean Bullfinches (Loxigilla noctis), and Common Ground Doves (Columbina passerina) in Grenada, 2015–2017, and combined these measures with data from 23 other Caribbean islands collated from academic papers and researchers, for a total sample size of 6,518 individuals. We found the strongest support for the ecological release hypothesis, but each of our hypotheses received some support, suggesting that ecological release from competition, predation pressure from mongoose, and climate may all interact to influence morphological adaptations of birds to local conditions in the Caribbean.

EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORS OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE), IN ONTARIO

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A. C. Hagley ◽  
C. M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Anthocoris Nemoralis ◽  
Pear Orchard

AbstractThe predominant predator of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, in a pear orchard on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario was the anthocorid, Anthocoris nemoralis (F.). Applications of permethrin (62.5 g a.i./ha) reduced numbers of the predator when applied at petal fall. Azinphosmethyl (336.4 g a.i./ha) applied at petal and at 1st cover did not affect A. nemoralis. Both insecticides reduced the numbers of the predatory mite, Balaustium putmani Smiley. Species of Hemiptera other than A. nemoralis, especially Miridae and Reduviidae, were reduced by permethrin applied at petal fall and by azinphosmethyl applied at 1st cover.

scholarly journals SELECTING PREDATORS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF TOMATO RUSSET MITE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 253c-253
Author(s):  
Jacques Brodeur ◽  
M'hammed Bouaicha ◽  
André Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Prey Suitability ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Tomato Russet Mite ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

In recent years, the tomato russet mite (TRM) [Aculops lycopersici (Acarina: Eriophyidae)] has become one of the more important pests of greenhouse tomatoes in northeastern North America. As a first step toward developing a biological control strategy for the TRM, our objective has been to test the potential of already commercialized mite predators. In laboratory experiments, voracity of Chrysopa carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) was determined for egg, immature, and adult stages of the TRM. The first two predator species did not prey on TRM, whereas A. cucumeris fed on each of the life stages of the eriophyid mite. Further experiments showed that A. cucumeris was able to develop and reproduce when feeding on TRM. Implication of these results for controlling TRM in greenhouses is discussed with respect to predator specificity and prey suitability.

scholarly journals Predators and parasitoids of Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Jerinic-Prodanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Protic ◽  
Ljubodrag Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Cacopsylla Pyri ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthocoris Nemoralis ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
First Time

The presence of C. pyri and its natural enemies was studied in both treated and untreated pear orchards in Serbia from 2005 to 2009. Five parasitoid and 21 predator species were identified as present on a considerable number of sites. The following parasitoid species were found: Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman), Psyllaephagus procerus Marcet, Syrphophagus ariantes (Walker), Syrphophagus taeniatus (F?rster) and Tamarixia sp. In the study, the species Psyllaephagus procerus, Syrphophagus ariantes and Tamarixia sp. were for the first time identified as parasitoids of C. pyri and as new species in the Serbian fauna. Among the parasitoids determined, Prionomitus mitratus predominated. Of the predators, the following species in four orders were registered: Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Forficulidae)], Heteroptera [Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius), Anthocoris nemorum (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) niger Wolff (Anthocoridae), Campylomma verbasci (Mayer-D?r), Deraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber (Linnaeus) and Deraeocoris (Knightocarsus) lutescens (Schilling) (Miridae)], Neuroptera [Chrysopa pallens Rambur, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae)], and Coleoptera [Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus, Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Calvia (Anisocalvia) quatuordecimguttata (Linnaeus) (Coccinellidae), Cantharis rustica Fall?n, Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli) and Rh. testacea (Linnaeus) (Cantharidae)]. Of the predators determined, 12 species were registered for the first time as predators of C. pyri in Serbia, while C. rustica, Rhagonycha fulva and Rh. testacea have so far been known neither in Serbia nor in the world as predators of pear suckers.

INFLUENCE OF THE PROPORTION OF FRUITING TO NON-FRUITING CLUSTERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INSECT PREDATORS ON APPLE TREES

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci

AbstractThe proportion of fruiting to non-fruiting clusters on apple trees influences the distribution of predators within and between trees. The mirids Atractotomus mali (Meyer), Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), Hyaliodes harti Knight, Diaphnocoris pellucida (Uhler), Pilophorus perplexus Douglas and Scott, and the anthocorid Anthocoris musculus (Say) all showed greater preference for limbs (or trees) bearing a high proportion (or percentage) of fruiting clusters. The predacious mite Anystis agilis Banks exhibited no preference.

scholarly journals Naturally occurring predators of Bactericera cockerelli in potatoes

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 275-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. MacDonald ◽  
G.P. Walker ◽  
N.J. Larsen ◽  
A.R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Research Station ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Intensive Sampling ◽  
New Pest

In recent intensive sampling of insecticidefree potatoes at Pukekohe several insect predators and spiders have been found in association with the new pest Bactericera cockerelli tomatopotato psyllid (TPP) Micromus tasmaniae (brown lacewing) Melanostoma fasciatum (small hover fly) Coccinella undecimpunctata (11spotted ladybird) and sheet web spiders (Linyphiidae) were collected from potatoes at Pukekohe Research Station and reared in the laboratory to assess their potential as predators against TPP nymphs Individual predators were presented every 24 h to a maximum of 10 TPP nymphs of different instars ranging from 2nd to 4th instar depending on the size of the predator All predator species fed on TPP nymphs and all predatory life stages were capable of consuming more than five nymphs per day Ongoing studies with these species show that all predatory life stages of all predatory species feed on all life stages of TPP Together with separate data on predator incidence these results suggest that naturally occurring predators are likely to be important biological control agents of TPP particularly early in the season when TPP infestations are low

Climbing Night-shade as a Host of the Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. A. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Solanum Dulcamara ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
The World ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Hard Shell

In Ontario, pear has been the only recorded host of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster (Goble 1963), although in other areas of the world Quince, Downy Chess Grass, and apple twigs have also been reported (Smith 1941; Swirski 1954; and Wilde 1963).Numbers of pear psylla adults were observed on climbing night-shade, Solanum dulcamara L. (Muenscher 1955) growing as cover crop in a pear orchard near Paris, Ontario, in 1965. Regular observation of psylla occurrence on this plant host throughout the growing season indicated that P. pyricola Foer. could complete its life cycle on S. dulcamara; eggs and nymphal stages up to the hard-shell stage, as well as cast nymphal skins, were observed on this host. Egg mortality was noted on those portions of S. dulcamara that were damaged showed severe wilting characteristics. Egg and second-instar nymph on the undersurface of the leaf of S. dulcamara are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

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