Factors Influencing Oviposition, and the Effect of Temperature on Development and Survival of Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott) Eggs

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Enoclerus Lecontei

AbstractThe factors influencing oviposition and feeding of Enoclerus lecontei, and the effect of temperature on egg development and survival, were studied in the laboratory.When food was not a limiting factor, the total number of eggs laid, and the total number of bark beetles consumed by clerid pairs during their lives was strongly influenced by longevity of the female and to a lesser extent by female “vigor”. Female “vigor” and longevity were not necessarily coincident. The rate of oviposition and the rate of food consumption are mainly influenced by the “vigor” of the female clerid.The effect of suboptimal food on oviposition was determined. Regression equations are given for estimating the number of eggs laid utilizing three measures of food supply, number of bark beetles supplied, their weight, and number eaten. The independent variables may be used separately or combined as a multiple regression.Time for egg development varied from 5 days at 35 °C. to 28 days at 15 °C. Optimal conditions for development and survival were between 20° and 25 °C. Eggs can withstand cold storage (7° to 9 °C.) for 10 days before survival is impaired. Thereafter, mortality increases logarithmically until the 100 percentile is reached at about 43 days.

Factors Influencing the Weight of Black Spruce and Balsam Fir Stems

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pnevmaticos ◽  
T. A. Jaeger ◽  
E. Perem
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Factors Influencing

The factors influencing green weight of black spruce and balsam fir stems were investigated. It was found that for black spruce stems, moisture content and sapwood content could be predicted by the age and height of the tree. For balsam fir, however, it was difficult to establish meaningful correlations. Stem bark volume was well correlated for both species with diameter at breast height. Regression equations for stem green density with different combinations of independent variables estimated at breast height were developed; it was found that breast height specific gravity and moisture content were the most important variables in predicting stem green density. Stem wood volume was very well correlated with stem weight immediately after felling.

Variation in Sludge Settleability with Temperature

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Henry ◽  
E.E. Salenieks
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Sludge Settleability

Abstract This study examined the effect of temperature on the settleabi1ity of activated sludge at various organic loading rates. Five completely mixed, bench-scale, activated sludge plants, operating under similar conditions at 5, 10 and 19°C, were continuously fed diluted, settled sewage supplemented with carbohydrate (sucrose). Hydraulic loading rates, MLSS and pH were maintained at constant levels during the experiments to eliminate these factors are variables. Dissolved oxygen was kept in excess of 3 mg/1 so that it would not be a limiting factor. Sludge Volume Indices (SVI ) and zone settling velocities were used to indicate changes in sludge settleability. Microscopic examination of the activated sludge indicated significant differences in the morphological features of filamentous microorganisms present at the two temperature extremes. At 19°C, the predominant forms were characterized by long curving trichomes, occasionally falsely branching, containing short cylindrical cells. At 5 °C, much smaller straight filaments, composed of long, narrow, rod-shaped cells appeared to be the principal microorganisms responsible for bulking. Various other filamentous forms were always present at each of the temperatures studied. Stirred sludge settling tests of moderately bulking sludges generally exhibited much higher settling velocities and lower SVI's than unstirred bulking samples. However, extremely filamentous bulking sludge exhibited comparable stirred and unstirred settling velocity and SVI values. The standard SVI test was found to be an inadequate indicator of the extent of bulking when trying to correlate the SVI failures from bench-scale performance with the results from continuous units. Lower temperature had no appreciable effect on COD removal efficiency as long as bulking did not cause a loss of solids in the effluent. However, results suggested that less than half the organic load could be accepted at 5°C, that could be handled at 19°C, before filamentous bulking occurred. A plot of loading versus temperature for various SVI's provided a visual indication of the safe loading limit below which bulking was unlikely to occur. The study clearly demonstrated that temperature can have a significant effect on sludge settleability.

Does Economic Growth Pay Political Dividends in India?

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Vasant V. Bang ◽  
Alok Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party ◽  
Ruling Party

Since independence in 1947, India has witnessed several changes in economic policies of governments. Economic reforms were started in India in 1984 and were accelerated later in 1991. It is believed that Bharatiya Janata Party won the 2014 parliamentary elections on the promise of economic development and growth. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the link between economic and electoral performances in Indian elections. The data for 1951–2014 period has been analysed by establishing regression equations using vote percentage received by a ruling party as dependent variable and sectoral economic growth during the ruling tenure as independent variables. Comparisons have been made between the pre- and post-1984 eras. An important contribution of this article is that it highlights the fact that electoral performances can be better explained using sectoral growth data as compared to overall GDP growth rates. The article also highlights a significant role played by volatility in growth rates.

Factors Influencing the Growth of Salmonella during Sprouting of Naturally Contaminated Alfalfa Seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONG-JEN FU ◽  
KARL F. REINEKE ◽  
STUART CHIRTEL ◽  
OLIF M. VANPELT
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds ◽  
At Home

In this study, the factors that affect Salmonella growth during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds associated with two previous outbreaks of salmonellosis were examined. A minidrum sprouter equipped with automatic irrigation and rotation systems was built to allow sprouting to be conducted under conditions similar to those used commercially. The growth of Salmonella during sprouting in the minidrum was compared with that observed in sprouts grown in glass jars under conditions commonly used at home. The level of Salmonella increased by as much as 4 log units after 48 h of sprouting in jars but remained constant during the entire sprouting period in the minidrum. The effect of temperature and irrigation frequency on Salmonella growth was examined. Increasing the sprouting temperature from 20 to 30°C increased the Salmonella counts by as much as 2 log units on sprouts grown both in the minidrum and in the glass jars. Decreasing the irrigation frequency from every 20 min to every 2 h during sprouting in the minidrum or from every 4 h to every 24 h during sprouting in the glass jars resulted in an approximately 2-log increase in Salmonella counts. The levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, and Salmonella in spent irrigation water closely reflected those found in sprouts, confirming that monitoring of spent irrigation water is a good way to monitor pathogen levels during sprouting.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, MOTIVASI, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BRI CABANG SEMARANG AHMAD YANI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Sopi Sopi ◽  
Zumrotun Nafi'ah
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Life Education

Education, motivation and compensation are important things that can improve performance. This study aims to explain whether there is an influence of education, motivation and compensation on employee performance. So that through the results of this study it is expected to be a reference for leaders in managing the organization. In this study there are three independent variables namely education, motivation and compensation and one dependent variable is employee performance. At present it is in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, which is marked by; big data / giant data, internet of think, labor knowledge, and long life education. Since the beginning of the life of mankind to an infinite period, it is largely determined by the mastery of science and technology. Science and technology can not be separated from the progress of education level. Education is the base of all changes both individually, as well as countries. Employee performance is determined by the education that is owned, as high as education, the higher the performance and vice versa. The population in this study are BRI CAB employees, SEMARANG A-YANI, 60 people and all of them are sampled. The results of the analysis using SPSS 23 program statistical tools obtained multiple linear regression equation Y = 0.505 X1 + 0.175 X2 + 0.408 X3 The results of multiple linear regression equations show that there is a positive and significant influence between education on employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (t count test 6.314> t table 0.05), motivation towards employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (tcount 2,160> t table 0,05), and compensation for employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (t test 5.108> ttable 0.05). While together (simultaneously) the influence of education, motivation and compensation has an effect on and significant on the performance of employees at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (count = 44,692> ftabel = 0.05). The influence of the two research variables is very strong with a correlation value of 69.0% for employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG is influenced by the motivation and compensation education of the remaining 31.0% of the employees' performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG is influenced by other variables that affect employee performance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Suryana Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Management Study ◽  
Simultaneous Effect ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multiple Analysis

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing physical evidence on student decisions in choosing the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, either simultaneously or partially. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. This study uses multiple analysis tests to find the partial and simultaneous effect between the dependent and independent variables. The validity and reliability used in this study have met the requirements. The results of this study indicate that facility exterior, facility interior, and other tangibles factors influencing the decision to choose the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. The result also shows that Physical Evidence Variables are simultaneously influencing the student's decision to choose the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.

Death in Rural Georgia: A Historical Comparison of Georgians and Ossets in the Kistauri Commune

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-478
Author(s):  
Tinatin Zurabishvili ◽  
Rennie Lee ◽  
Rebecca Jean Emigh
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Residency Status

This article examines the factors influencing age at death in the multiethnic villages, comprised mostly of Georgians and Ossets, in the Kistauri commune in the eastern Republic of Georgia between 1897 and 1997. The data are analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models using age at death as the dependent variable, and ethnicity, gender, marital status, residency status, and year of birth as the independent variables. The results show that Georgians lived longer than Ossets. Individuals who had ever been married lived longer than those who had not. The results perhaps reflect harsher living conditions for Ossets, the ethnic minority, despite Soviet ideologies about equality.

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