Some Effects of Female Parasite Size on Reproduction of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Maturation Rate

AbstractSmall females of the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) parasitized fewer hosts (housefly, Musca domestica L.) than larger ones during their lifetime because they had both a shorter life span and a lower rate of parasitization. The latter resulted primarily from a lower egg maturation rate. As females reared from superparasitized hosts are on the average smaller than those reared from non-superparasitized ones, these effects of parasite size reduce the rate of increase of N. vitripennis at high parasite:host ratios and result in greater stability in the interaction between the two species.

Discrimination Between Parasitized and Unparasitized House Fly Pupae by Females of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Physical Conditions

AbstractFemales of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) laid fewer eggs on parasitized than on unparasitized pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Chemical and/or physical conditions of parasitized pupae are detected by the female’s ovipositor, causing this restraint. These conditions may in part result from the host’s death, caused by earlier parasitization, but other factors are also involved. These may include venom injected by the female parasite before she lays, and internal injury to the host resulting from insertion of the parasite’s ovipositor. The female parasite does not discriminate because of physical or chemical traces on the surface of parasitized puparia, of eggs or a surface wound on the pupa, or of absence of heart beat in the pupa.

Some Ecological Attributes of a Pteromalid Parasite and its Housefly Host

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Nagel ◽  
David Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Percentage Parasitism ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Population Cage ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Male Parasite

AbstractThe habits and dispersal of the pteromalid parasite Nasonia vitripennis and its housefly host, Musca domestica, and their density relationships were investigated. Male parasite longevity averaged 1.62 days and female longevity 6.96 days. The average number of progeny per female parasite was 139.8. When 25 pairs of parasites were placed with 300 housefly pupae of three sizes, the percentage parasitism was 45.0 for the small (less than 2.0 mm. in diameter), 72.8 for the medium (from 2.0 to 2.5 mm.), and 65.7 for the large (greater than 2.5 mm.). The number of parasites produced per parasitized pupa was 2.20 for the small, 4.30 for the medium, and 6.11 for the large pupae. Increasing the extent of superparasitism produced significantly smaller parasite progeny. A significantly greater normal mortality occurred in small housefly pupae (21.5 per cent) compared with either the medium (6.3 per cent) or the large (5.2 per cent).The parasite dispersed significantly faster when unfed than when fed. Housefly pupae which had been previously exposed to parasites also stimulated the tendency for subsequent parasite emigration. Housefly dispersal was found to be density-dependent under the experimental conditions of the multi-cell population cage.With an increasing parasite-host ratio the rate of parasitization increased until all hosts at a 1 to 1 ratio were parasitized in 24 hours; percentage of parastized hosts producing parasites reached a peak of 71 per cent at the 1 to 2 ratio; and above the 10 to 1 ratio all parasite progeny died due to super-parasitism.

Effects of Superparasitism on Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Rate Of Development

AbstractSuperparasitism created a food shortage and thereby reduced survival and size of adult Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Superparasitism also reduced the percentage of females in the adult progeny but had no effect on rate of development, ability to emerge, or incidence of diapause in N. vitripennis.

OVIPOSITION RESTRAINT OF SPALANGIA CAMERONI (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON PARASITIZED HOUSEFLY PUPAE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis

AbstractFemales of Spalangia cameroni Perk, use the ovipositor to differentiate between unparasitized and parasitized housefly (Musca domestica L.) pupae; and prefer to lay on unparasitized hosts instead of those attacked by S. cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.), or Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The intensities of oviposition restraint on the three kinds of attacked hosts are similar. Changes in parasitized pupae to which the female parasites react probably involve "venoms" injected by each species during oviposition.

CONTROL OF EGG FERTILIZATION BY NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) WHEN LAYING ON PARASITIZED HOUSE FLY PUPAE

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
House Flies

AbstractFemales of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lay a smaller percentage of fertilized (i.e. female) eggs on house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae previously parasitized by their own species, by Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L., or by Spalangia cameroni Perk. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) than on unparasitized hosts. They respond to changes in the fly pupae associated with death, and in the case of house flies attacked by N. vitripennis, to "venoms" injected at that time or to changes unrelated to death. By not fertilizing eggs that they lay on attacked hosts, the females also conserve sperm, for immature N. vitripennis on previously-attacked fly pupae are usually killed by parasite larvae already present.

Effect of Host (Musca domestica Linnaeus) Age on the Pteromalid Parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walker)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Chabora ◽  
David Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis

AbstractAn investigation was made of the influence of age of the host (Musca domestica Linn.) in the pupal stage on the oviposition behavior and development of the pteromalid parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.). Five age groups of hosts were employed in 10 pair combinations with an excess of hosts available for selection. Except for the 1-day-old hosts, more of the younger hosts of the combinations produced parasite progeny while the older hosts had a high percentage yielding neither fly nor parasite. Parasite production per pupa was 6.25 on the youngest hosts, with the number decreasing to 4.85 per host at 5 days. Hosts 2, 3, and 4 days old combined with 1-day-old hosts had higher rates of parasitism than when combined with hosts of other ages. The ranking for successful parasitization of hosts, by age of pupae, was 2, 3, 1, 4, and 5 days old.

Reproductive Uncertainty and the Evolution of Iteroparity: Why Don't Flatfish Put All Their Eggs in One Basket?

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Age Of Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
Using Data

Murphy's hypothesis that variation in reproductive life span is an adaptive response to variation in the predictability of reproductive success is examined. Murphy's contention that this hypothesis explains the variation in reproductive life span within the clupeids is reexamined incorporating further data on the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens). A nonsignificant correlation is now obtained between reproductive life span and brood strength variation; thus, the hypothesis is called into question. An alternative explanation is presented that considers the interaction between life history parameters: because it is necessary for the intrinsic rate of increase to exceed zero, variation in one parameter must be associated with variation in at least one other parameter. In the clupeids it is noted that the age of maturity and reproductive life span vary in concert and it is suggested that this provides an explanation of variation in reproductive life span. These two hypotheses are examined using data on the family Pleuronectidae, the flatfish. No correlation exists between reproductive life span and the degree of fluctuation in brood strength but there is a significant correlation between reproductive life span and age of maturity. It is concluded that variation in reproductive life span within the flatfish group is not a response to variation in reproductive success but rather a correlate of variation in age of maturity.Key words: flatfish, Pleuronectidae, iteroparity, natural selection, reproduction, clupeids

scholarly journals Parasitóides de dípteros muscóides coletados no matadouro Alvorada em Itumbiara, sul de Goiás, Brasil

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Marchiori ◽  
Alexandre S Leles ◽  
Selma A. De Carvalho ◽  
Renata F. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps

Espécies de parasitóides associados com moscas sinantrópicas foram coletadas com auxílio de iscas de fígado bovino no matadouro Alvorada em Itumbiara, Estado de Goiás, de março a dezembro de 2005. As pupas foram removidas da areia, após usar iscas de fígado como substrato para atrair as moscas. Elas foram individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência dos adultos de moscas ou de seus parasitóides. A prevalência total de parasitismo foi 15,3%. A freqüência absoluta, porcentagem e espécies de parasitóides coletados foram: 205 exemplares (2,3%) de Aphaereta sp., 173 (80,0%) de Brachymeria podagrica, 578 (15,7%) Nasonia vitripennis, um (0,5%) de Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, dois (0,9%) de Spalangia sp. e um (0,5%) de Trybliographa sp. A porcentagem de parasitismo apresentada pelos parasitóides de Aphaereta sp., B. podagrica, N. vitripennis, P. vindemmiae, Spalangia sp., e Trybliographa sp. foi de 0,4%, 12,3%, 2,4%, 0,1%, 0,1% e 0,1%, respectivamente. As espécies de dípteros parasitados foram: Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala, Musca domestica, Oxysarcodexia thornax, Peckia chrysostoma e Sarcodexia lambens.

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