Life History and Behaviour of Scelio calopteni Riley (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasite of Grasshopper Eggs

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe life history and behaviour of Scelio calopteni Riley, an internal parasite of grasshopper eggs, is described. This insect was reared for the first time in the laboratory through one complete cycle. Newly emerged adults readily oviposited in eggs of Melanoplus sanguinipes F. By dechorionating the grasshopper eggs the developing stages of the parasite could be clearly observed.Although three larval stages have been reported by other authors for different species of Scelio, careful observations suggested only two in S. calopteni.

The Separation of Conwentzia pineticola End. from Conwentzia psociformis (Curt.), and Notes on their Biology

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Collyer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time

Conwentzia psociformis (Curt.) and Conwentzia pineticola End. differ as adults in only two characters, and since there are variable and intermediate forms occur, reliable determination is sometimes impossible. In the past, these two species have often been regarded as two forms of the same species.The immature stages of C. pineticola are, however, very different from those of C. psociformis and show that the two are distinct species and can readily be separated on larval characters. The larval stages and egg of C. pineticola are described for the first time, and an account of its life history given.The feeding habits of these two species are described, and mention is made of two other Coniopterygid species that occur in orchards.

On the Life History and Structure of the Early Stages of Simuliidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part II

Parasitology ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Puri
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Visceral Systems ◽  
First Time

(A) Life History.(1) Simulium larvae are found in streams where the current is very fast. They are sedentary in habit and fix themselves to some support by means of their posterior sucker and sticky salivary secretion.(2) Progression is achieved by looping movements which have been described in detail.(3) Larvae feed on all kinds of fresh water animalcules, and algae.(4) Two species were reared from eggs to the adult flies for the first time in the laboratory. Abundance of food and aeration of water are two very important factors governing the rearing of these larvae.(5) There are six larval stages, each stage lasting 4–7 days. The gradual changes in the successive stages are described in S. erythrocephalum and S. aureum.(6) The sixth-stage larva, having woven its cocoon, changes into a pupa, the whole process, weaving of cocoon and pupation (described in detail), takes 75–90 minutes. Pupal life lasts 5–15 days, depending on temperature.(7) The eggs are sub-triangular in form and are laid in large patches on aquatic plants below the surface of water.(8) The first-stage larva is characterised by the presence of an egg-burster situated dorsally upon the head.(B) Morphology.(9) The larvae are eucephalous, with eleven faintly marked body-segments, three thoracic and eight abdominal, the eighth abdominal being apparently divided into two parts, the posterior carrying the anus and posterior sucker. There is a median uniramous thoracic proleg which like the posterior sucker is provided with a number of cuticular hooks.(10) The head has a number of markings which are of great taxonomic importance.(11) The head-appendages are: A pair of jointed antennae, a rounded labrum, a pair of lateral fan-shaped appendages (the premandibular organs), a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae each with a single-jointed palp, a hypopharynx, and a labium. These appendages have been described in detail in this paper for the first time.(12) The alimentary canal, malpighian tubules, salivary glands, muscular system and gonads are dealt with in detail.(13) The oesophageal valve has no blood sinus as has been erroneously described by previous writers.(14) A pair of dorsal glands are present above the pharynx. Their walls consist of large uninuclear cells. Dorsal glands have so far been found only in Sciara among Dipterous larvae.(15) There is a well-developed central as well as visceral nervous system. The bilobed brain lies in the head and a chain of eleven ganglia in the body. Both the supra-intestinal and the infra-intestinal visceral systems are fully worked out for the first time.(16) There is a well-developed tracheal system with ten closed spiracles, one prothoracic, one metathoracic and eight abdominal.(17) The flattened dorsal vessel stretches from the seventh abdominal segment to the head where it ends just behind the brain. It is dilated in the seventh segment to form the heart which is provided with two pairs of ostia.(18) Nephrocytes or excretory cells (pericardial, and peri-oesophageal) are described for the first time and compared to similar structures in other Dipterous larvae.(19) A detailed description of the early stages of all the known (seventeen)1 British species is given, with remarks about eleven of them, as they occur in Sweden, Norway and France.(20) The characters used for determining the species are as follows: Larva. Head markings; antennae; mandibles; submentum; anal gills; ventral papillae; and posterior sucker. Pupa. Chaetotaxy, Respiratory filaments, and Cocoon.

NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CEPHENEMYIA JELLISONI TOWNSEND AND LIPOPTENA DEPRESSA SAY, TWO DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE COLUMBIAN BLACK-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS COLUMBIANUS (RICHARDSON))

1943 ◽  
Vol 21d (6) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McT. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Cephenemyia Jellisoni

Material derived from deer taken on southern Vancouver Island, B.C., represents all larval stages of the nostril fly, Cephenemyia jellisoni Townsend. Description is given of the external morphology of the three larval stages and the puparium of this fly. The tracheary system of the first instar, and the cephalopharyngeal apparatus of all three are described and figured.In November and December first instar larvae were found in the nasopharynx of the host where they remained until after the moult. Until they reach maturity, second and third instar larvae occupy the retropharyngeal recesses of the deer. They leave the host by way of the nostrils and pupate in the ground.Observations on the life history and behaviour of Lipoptena depressa Say, both on and off the host, are given. It is postulated that the life span on the host varies from 8 to 13 months and that during this period from four to seven larvae are produced. Larvae do not pupate on the host but fall to the ground as soon as they are liberated. Infestations on a single host may consist of more than 2000 flies; under such circumstances the deer evinces discomfort. As yet this fly is not known to be involved in the life cycle of any internal parasite of the deer.

scholarly journals Life History of Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) with a Description of the Mature Larva

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Piotr Olszewski ◽  
Petr Bogusch ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
Digger Wasp ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Delia Platura

The first comprehensive information on the bionomics of the digger wasp Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852 is presented. Females nested in small aggregations in crevices between paving stones of a frequently used pedestrian pathway in lowland agricultural wasteland. Nests were dug in the ground using mandibles, legs and abdomen. The nest consists of a main burrow with one or, rarely, two cells. The mature larva is described for the first time. The egg stage lasts for about two days before the larva hatches. The female provisioned each cell with an average of 11 paralysed male flies of Delia platura (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Numerous females of dipteran kleptoparasites were observed in the nesting area of O. variegatus. However, only a few nests were infested by larvae of Senotainia conica (Fallen, 1810).

scholarly journals Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yume Imada
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Functional Explanations

Abstract Different physical structures play a central role in animal camouflage. However, in evolutionary studies of mimicry, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such structures has been poorly investigated. Larvae of long-bodied craneflies, Cylindrotominae, are all obligate herbivores and resemble plants. They are distinctively characterized by possessing numerous elongated cuticular lobes on the integument. A comprehensive overview of the biology and morphology of cylindrotomids, particularly their larval stages, is laid out, providing original data on nine species. To explore the ecological background of moss resemblance, host-plants of most examined species are clarified, revealing that terrestrial moss-feeding species tend to use specific groups of mosses, either belonging to Bryales or Hypnales. However, the evolution of cryptic forms remains paradoxical, due to the apparent absence of visual predators. Based on histological examinations, extensive internal musculatures within the cuticular lobes on the lateral side are discovered, shedding new light on their function in locomotion. Traditional functional explanations for these lobes, particularly as devices for respiration, locomotion and attachment, are challenged. This study promotes our understanding of the ecomorphology of mimicry devices, which is an angle often dismissed in evolutionary studies of mimicry.

scholarly journals Associations of Phoretic Mites on Bark Beetles of the Genus Ips in the Black Sea Mountains of Turkey

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Cihan Cilbircioğlu ◽  
Marta Kovač ◽  
Milan Pernek
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
First Time

Phoretic mites use bark beetles for transportation to new, suitable habitats. Some phoretic mites act as predators and parasitoids of the bark beetles’ immature stages, especially egg and early larval stages, and are potential agents for the biological control of scolytine forest pests. Mites live very frequently in relationships with other invertebrates. Many are found in association with various species of bark beetles. Here, a total of 41 specimens of different bark beetles of the genus Ips (Ips acuminatus, Ips sexdentatus and Ips typographus) were studied for presence, species composition, and abundance of phoretic mites. The beetles were collected on dead wood and parts of tree bark of Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in the Black Sea Mountains in Kastamonu and Artin Province of Turkey. A total of nine mite species were found, including Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Ereynetes sp., Histiostoma piceae, Paraleius cf. leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara., Proctolaelaps hystricoides, Schizostethus simulatrix, Trichouropoda lamellosa and Uroobovellaipidis. All species are identified for the first time within Turkish fauna.

The Euphausiidæ in the Neighbourhood of Plymouth. II. Nyctiphanes Couchii and Meganyctiphanes noruegica.

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica

The present paper is a continuation of last year's work on the Euphausiidæ in the neighbourhood of Plymouth (Lebour, 1924), in which the early larval stages were described of Nyctiphanes Couchii, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and, less fully, those of Thysanoessa inermis and T. neglecta. These two last-named forms are reserved for a detailed description in another paper, only Nyctiphanes and Meganyctiphanes being dealt with here. The first paper described these as far as the last Calyptopis stages, and it was shown that they were much alike although perfectly distinct, especially as regards colour. The nauplii and metanauplii were easily distinguishable. The whole of the remaining life-history of Nyctiphanes Couchii has now been elucidated and also that of Meganyctiphanes norvegica, with the exception of a few late larval stages. The absence of these, however, does not materially affect our knowledge of its life-history.

scholarly journals Microfluidic-based imaging of complete C. elegans larval development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Berger ◽  
Silvan Spiri ◽  
Andrew deMello ◽  
Alex Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Method ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Vulval Development ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Seam Cell ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
First Time

Several microfluidic-based methods for long-term C. elegans imaging have been introduced in recent years, allowing real-time observation of previously inaccessible processes. The ex-isting methods either permit imaging across multiple larval stages without maintaining a stable worm orientation, or allow for very good immobilization but are only suitable for shorter experiments. Here, we present a novel microfluidic imaging method, which allows parallel live-imaging across multiple larval stages, while delivering excellent immobilization and maintaining worm orientation and identity over time. This is achieved by employing an array of microfluidic trap channels carefully tuned to maintain worms in a stable orienta-tion, while allowing growth and molting to occur. Immobilization is supported by an active hydraulic valve, which presses worms onto the cover glass during image acquisition, with the animals remaining free for most of an experiment. Excellent quality images can be ac-quired of multiple worms in parallel, with little impact of the imaging method on worm via-bility or developmental timing. The capabilities of this methodology are demonstrated by observing the hypodermal seam cell divisions and, for the first time, the entire process of vulval development from induction to the end of morphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate RNAi on-chip, which allows for perturbation of dynamic developmental processes, such as basement membrane breaching during anchor cell invasion.

scholarly journals Recovery of Globba wengeri (C.E.C. Fisch.) K.J. Williams, critically endangered plant species from Serchhip District in Mizoram, Northeast India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Lalnun Mawia ◽  
Vanlalhruaii Ralte ◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Zothan Mawia ◽  
P.C. Vanlalhluna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Endangered Plant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Globba wengeri (C.E.C. Fisch.) K.J. Williams, former state flower of Mizoram, a rare and critically endangered plant species, commonly known as ‘dancing girl’, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is reported in this communication for the first time from Serchhip District in Mizoram at an elevation of about 1187 m a.s.l. It was found on moist, watery and rocky slopes. The plant is under severe threat in the natural habitat and therefore, further studies are required to determine life history and particular survival threats of this species.

scholarly journals Climate drivers of adult insect activity are conditioned by life history traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Belitz ◽  
Vijay Barve ◽  
Joshua Doby ◽  
Maggie Hantak ◽  
Elise Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Community Science ◽  
General Response

Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates, and overall activity duration. We used community-science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanization on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Multivoltine and univoltine species both extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments is likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales, and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.

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