NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF SOME MOTHS

1877 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
L. W. Goodell
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
11Th Segment ◽  
Yellowish White

Larva, I example–Body smooth, thick and uniform to the 11th segment, from which it tapers abruptly to the end. Cinnamon brown; a large sub-dorsal, velvety, dark brown shade on the 4th, 5th and 11th rings, and on each of the remaining rings, except the three first and last one, is a dorsal curved line, and two small roundish spots of the same color; two larger, square, dark brown dorsal spots edged with yellowish-white, on the first ring.Head roundish, as wide as the body.

Data Mining Techniques for Diagnosis of Diabetes: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Tushar Deshmukh ◽  
H. S. Fadewar
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Prediction Of Diabetes

This Diabetes is such a common dieses found all over the globe, in which blood glucose or in normal terminology the sugar level in blood is increased. It is the condition of the body in which the insulin which is required for the metabolism of the food is not created or body cannot use the insulin produced properly. Doctors say that diabetes can be controlled if it is detected in its early stages. Data mining is the process in which the data can be used for the prediction based on historic data. The intention here is to analysis how various researchers have used the data mining for better prediction of diabetes so that it could be controlled and possible even cured.

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

scholarly journals LARVA OF PARASA CHLORIS, H.-Sch.

1885 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
G. H. French
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Yellowish White

Length .50 of an inch, elliptical, as is the usual shape of the Lymacodes group, nearly .20 of an inch high and about the same width. The dorsum has four lines of purplish black alternating with white, and bordered outside with yellowish white or pale yellow. The region of the subdorsal line is a bright vermillion ridge with yelrowish white tubercles arising from joints 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12, those on joint 2 moderately short, but those on joints 4 to 12 are nearly one fourth of an inch long; all of them spiny. There are short bunches of spines on the intervening joints, as it were representatives of missing tubercles. In the subdorsal space are four scarlet lines alternating with lines of yellowish white, the middle yellowish line instead of being continuous, consists of alternate blotches of vermilion and yellowish white. The substigmatar line is vermilion, bordered as the subdorsai with pale yellow, and this also has its row of yellowish white spiny tubercles, each about one sixteenth of an inch long. Below this is a single dark purple line bordered each side with a lighter shade, and below this a vermilion line or rather a series of tubercles without spines in place of the prolegs. Legs 6, no prolegs, but the under side of the body consisting of a muscular pad upon which the insect glides along instead of walking. Head brown, retractile when at rest into the joint back of it.

The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris , Burgess Shale, British-Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 309 (1141) ◽  
pp. 569-609 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
The Waves ◽  
11Th Segment

Isolated specimens of the appendage Anomalocaris canadensis have long been known; a single incomplete specimen of an animal having a pair of these appendages attached anteriorly is described. Seven dorsoventrally compressed, partly complete individuals of a similar animal that had a different pair of appendages (‘F’ of Briggs 1979) attached anteriorly are described, together with two obliquely compressed individuals that are thought to be conspecific. Surrounding the mouth of this latter species is a circlet of plates identical with the supposed medusoid coelenterate Peytoia nathorsti ; this species is referred to Anomalocaris; Laggania is a junior synonym. As now understood, Anomalocaris was an animal that reached a length of 0.5 m, the elongate body having a head region bearing one pair of large, lateral eye lobes, each borne on a short stalk, the single pair of appendages attached at the ventral, anterior margin. The 13 segments of the appendage in A. canadensis bore paired spines on the inner side, short spines on the outer side, and there was a terminal, spinose 14th segment. The appendage in A. nathorsti consisted of 11 segments, the 2nd to 10th bearing on the inner side a graduated series of spinose blades, and spines on the lateral and outer sides, the terminal 11th segment ending in a group of spines. The circlet of plates surrounding the mouth was situated ventrally on the head region immediately behind the appendages; the plates bore teeth and the circlet constituted a jaw mechanism; additional groups of spines were present in the buccal cavity. Beneath the head region, behind the mouth, were three pairs of semicircular flaps, strongly overlapping: on the tapering trunk were 11 pairs of triangular lateral lobes, widest at the mid-length of the trunk, reduced progressively in size backward. These lobes were strongly overlapping in the same sense as the flaps on the head, and attached low on the sides. The trunk termination was short and blunt, without any projecting spine or lobe. Attached to the side of the body, above each flap and lateral lobe, was a multi-lamellar structure, apparently a gill. A thin cuticle covered the head region dorsally, and ventrally around the appendages and jaw circlet, behind this becoming a lateral strip that narrowed backward. It is suggested that a thin cuticle covered the trunk region dorsally and hung down beside the gills; this covering may have been continuous, but possibly was divided into tergites. Irregular patches of apatite, and some matrix, occur in the trace of the alimentary canal, which extended to the tip of the trunk. Mineralized patches occur in association with the gills, and as transverse strips, presumed traces of some internal organ or structure. The cuticle of the appendages and jaw circlet was presumably stout, hence these parts of the body were more resistant to decay and so were preserved in isolation. The thin cuticle of the lateral lobes shows rays which were presumably thicker and strengthening in function. We suggest that this animal, the largest known from Cambrian rocks, swam by using the series of closely spaced lateral lobes essentially as a lateral fin along which waves of motion were propagated. If the waves were moved in either the same, or opposite, sense on each side, considerable manoeuvrability would have resulted. The anterior pair of appendages, and jaw mechanism, would have made Anomalocaris a formidable predator, particularly on soft-bodied benthos including the abundant arthropods without a mineralized exoskeleton. No fragments of hard parts have been observed in the gut, but there is evidence that it may have inflicted wounds on trilobites. Anomalocaris was a metameric animal, and had one pair of jointed appendages and a unique circlet of jaw plates. We do not consider it an arthropod, but the representative of a hitherto unknown phylum. It is best known from A. nathorsti , the single specimen of A. canadensis having a different appendage but the rest of the body similar, probably including the jaw circlet. The evidence is insufficient to reach any conclusion on whether or not these two 'species' may be sexual dimorphs of a single species. The single specimen of Amiella ornata is redescribed. It shows what may be lateral lobes like those of Anomalcris, but other features unlike it. We conclude that this specimen is not an example of Sidneyia inexpectans , and is too incomplete for its relationship to be determined.

The ultrastructure of the developing urodele notochord

1962 ◽  
Vol 156 (965) ◽  
pp. 459-482 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The ultra-structure of the developing notochord in urodele embryos, from the neurula to young tadpole stages, has been studied in thin sections. The first part of the paper is con­cerned with the intercellular membranes, the second with intracellular structures. In neurula stages the notochord cells are in rather loose contact, and gaps of considerable size occur between them. In tailbud stages, the cells become much more closely apposed, the surface of contact being usually thrown into slight waves or bumps; when sectioned normally it appears as two closely adherent profiles. In later tailbud stages the plasma membranes of the cells begin to fall apart again. The first sign of this is the appearance of small vesicles whose form suggests that fluid is being secreted into the intercellular spaces. These membrane vesicles increase considerably in numbers, but not in average dimensions(diameter about 500 to 700 Å). It is concluded that the increase in the closeness of associa­tion between contiguous cell membranes, which is seen during the early stages of chordagenesis, might provide the motive force which brings about the morphogenesis of the organ, as has been suggested earlier. The later separation of the cell membranes, with the appearance of membrane vesicles, is an unexpected phenomenon the significance of which is not clear. At the beginning of the period, the cells are of an undifferentiated embryonic type; by the end of it they have acquired a specific histological character, involving the appearance of large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles, the formation of a notochordal sheath and other features. During the course of differentiation, two different types of ergastoplasm make their appearance one after another. The first is associated with the formation of the fluid-filled vacuoles; the second with the formation of the sheath ; and an ergastoplasm resembling the second chordal type is also found in the mesenchyme cells which lie against the external surface of the sheath. All three ergastoplasms are continuous with the nuclear envelope at the time when they are rapidly increasing in size; and it seems probable that they are directly derived from the outer member of the nuclear envelope. Golgi elements, mitochondria and various other types of granule (‘multi-vesiculate bodies') are also found. In the early stages the body of the nucleus is often penetrated by long cytoplasmic processes. It is suggested that these may arise when the new nuclear envelope is being formed at telophase. It is argued that the morphologically characteristic types of ergastoplasm found in different types of cell, and at different stages during the development of a given type of cell, are probably not merely consequences of the particular type of synthesis proceeding, since they appear before such synthesis can have got very far; it seems more probable that the ultra-microscopic morphology of the nuclear envelope and ergastoplasm is a visible expres­sion of the nature of the synthetic machinery. The functions of these structures might either be to increase the efficiency of the nuclear control of cytoplasmic processes, or to contribute to the co-ordination between the various different synthetic processes which must be involved in differentiation.

scholarly journals XXXI. On the early stages of inflammations

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 645-702 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Advanced Stages

The morbid process designated by the term Inflammation, being one to which every organ and probably every tissue of the body is liable, and comprehending as it does in its progress and consequences by far the greater number of the ills to which flesh is heir, possesses a deeper interest for the physician or surgeon than any other material subject which could be named. The practical importance of inquiries tending to elucidate the essential nature of this process, has been for centuries recognized by all enlightened members of the medical profession; for it is obvious that just views regarding it must tend to promote the establishment of sound principles in the treatment of the diseases which it produces. At the present day more especially, when theory is allowed such free scope, and is permitted to attack the most time-honoured rules of practice, we stand in peculiar need of the beacon-light of correct pathology to enable us to steer a safe course amid the various conflicting opinions which assail us. Yet so far from our knowledge of inflammation being in a satisfactory condition, authorities are at variance upon the fundamental question, whether it is to be regarded, in accordance with John Hunter’s opinion, as active in its nature, and consisting in an exaltation of the functions of the affected part, or whether it should not rather be considered a passive result of diminished functional activity. In seeking for the solution of this great problem, we cannot expect to gain much from the contemplation of the more advanced stages and results of inflammation, such as copious exudation of lymph, suppuration, ulceration, or gangrene. When any one of these has taken place, the nature of the original disease is masked to a great extent by the subsequent changes; and the cell- development which occurs in lymph after its effusion, is no more proof of activity in the inflammatory process, than the loss of the vital powers in gangrene can be accepted as evidence in the opposite direction. It is upon the first deviations from health that the essential character of the morbid state will be most unequivocally stamped, and it is therefore to the early stages of inflammation that attention must be chiefly directed in this inquiry.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals The ipsilateral silent period: an early diagnostic marker of callosal disconnection in ALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110440
Author(s):  
Annemarie Hübers ◽  
Jan Kassubek ◽  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
Nicolas Broc ◽  
Jens Dreyhaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Introduction: Imaging studies showed affection of the corpus callosum (CC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we sought to determine whether these structural alterations reflect on the functional level, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods: In 31 ALS patients and 12 controls, we studied mirror movements (MM) and transcallosal inhibition (TI) using TMS. Structural integrity of transcallosal fibres was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Results: TI was pathologic in 25 patients (81%), 22 (71%) showed MM. Loss of TI was observed in very early stages (disease duration <4 months). No correlation was found between TI/MM and fractional anisotropy of transcallosal fibres. Discussion: These results substantiate the body of evidence towards a functional involvement of the CC in early ALS beyond microstructural alterations. Significance: TI may become a useful early diagnostic marker in ALS, even before descending tracts are affected. Diagnostic delay in ALS is high, often preventing patients from gaining access to therapeutic trials, and sensitive diagnostic tools are urgently needed. Our findings also provide insights into the pathophysiology of ALS, potentially supporting the so-called ‘top-down’ hypothesis, that is, corticoefferent (intracortical/corticospinal) propagation. Callosal affection in early stages might represent the ‘missing link’ to explain corticocortical disease-spreading.

Pre-Raphaelite Poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 553-567
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Helsinger
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Dante Gabriel Rossetti ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Arts ◽  
New Directions

Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris in the early stages of their careers sought to turn modern poetry in new directions by reinterpreting both the body and the spirit of the arts practised in Europe and Britain before Raphael. Four things marked their encounter with the past. First, both went directly to primary sources. Second, they began by making their own translations, verbal or visual; the act of translating brought to consciousness the particularities of both past and present. Third, both moved from translation to pastiche and invention, finding new ways to use the past to create in the present the shock of the new. And finally, these activities were shared projects, fired by the exchange of work and ideas among a circle of family, friends, and fellow artists and poets.

Observations on the biology of Afro–tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2893 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. W. COCK ◽  
T. COLIN E. CONGDON
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Frontal Projection

Partial life histories for 13 Afro–tropical Tagiadini (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) are described and illustrated: Eagris sabadius astoria Holland, E. s. andracne (Boisduval), E. lucetia (Hewitson), E. decastigma purpura Evans, Tagiades flesus (Fabricius), Caprona pillaana Wallengren, Netrobalane canopus (Trimen), Abantis arctomarginata Lathy, A. bamptoni Collins & Larsen, A. zambesiaca (Westwood), A. paradisea (Butler), A. meru Evans and A. venosa Trimen. Generalisations are made for the tribe in Africa. Three African groups are recognised based on early stages. The Tagiades group includes Tagiades and Eagris, and is characterised by the hair-like covering of the eggs, the absence of noticeable hairs on the caterpillar, the chordate head of the caterpillar, possibly the red colouring of young caterpillars, the presence of white waxy patches on the pupae, and the small frontal projection on the pupa. The Abantis group includes Caprona, Netrobalane and Abantis, and we assume Leucochitonea, and is characterised by the scale covering of the eggs, the rounded caterpillar head covered with branching and sub-branching hairs; the stalked stellate hairs covering the body, the pale hairless pupae with black markings, and the strong upturned bifurcate frontal projection of the pupae. The two remaining African genera, Procampta and Calleagris, appear to form a third group, characterised by no anal wool and no covering to the eggs. The Abantis group is considered to merit at least tribal status. Although all African genera include Malvaceae (including former families Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae) amongst their food plants, the range of families is diverse: Anacardiaceae, ?Cannabaceae, Erythroxylaceae, ?Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, ?Rosaceae, Sapindaceae and Violaceae (Eagris spp.), Dioscoreaceae, Malvaceae, ?Rutaceae (Tagiades flesus), Malvaceae (Caprona pillaana and Netrobalane canopus), and Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Sapindaceae (Abantis spp.).

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