Attack and Brood Production of Ambrosia Beetles in Logging Debris

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Extensive Damage

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), causes extensive damage to logs in coastal British Columbia. The logging debris or slash felled in the autumn has been found to be an important breeding place for these beetles. The shaded sides of the larger pieces of slash sustained the greatest attacks and produced the most brood. The population increased about four-fold as a result of breeding in slash and this increase was estimated to be more than one quarter of a million beetles per acre on the areas investigated. A very large population of these beetles can develop each year in districts where autumn and winter felling is in progress.

Factors Influencing the Distribution of Overwintering Ambrosia Beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 746-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer ◽  
J. M. Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Selection Of

Previous work by Kinghorn and Chapman (1959) has shown that in coastal British Columbia, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum hibernates in the forest litter or duff at various distances within forest edges in the vicinity of brood logs. It was pointed out that further study was required to determine the characteristics of the optimum hibernation sites. It was mentioned that stand density, shade, aspect, slope, and the nature of the duff might be factors controlling the selection of the place of hibernation. The base of trees and the relatively deeper duff, characteristic of this situation, was reported to be the location of the larger populations of hibernating beetles although the level of population was found to vary greatly both from tree to tree and in depth within different forest edges.

scholarly journals Ambrosia Beetles: A Multimillion Dollar Degrade Problem of Sawlogs in Coastal British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Ambrosia beetle degrade of sawlogs processed through the Vancouver log market in 1980/81 is calculated to be C$63.7 million. Similar losses can be expected in the future unless there are major changes in log inventory management. Gnathotrichus sulcatus was shown to penetrate Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs 3 cm and 8 cm respectively. The comparable figures for Trypodendron lineatum are 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. Factors that lead to the build up of ambrosia beetle populations in forest settings and processing areas must be identified to ensure maximum clearwood yield from logs.

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John H. Borden ◽  
Eveline Stokkink
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

scholarly journals SAPSUCKER DAMAGE IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf G. Ziller ◽  
David Stirling
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Considerable Damage

The characteristics and feeding habits of the red-breasted sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius ruber (Gmelin), are outlined. The bird appears to fluctuate violently in numbers. Incidental observations suggest that a large population of sapsuckers can cause considerable damage to forest trees.

AN EVALUATION OF THREE TRAPS AND TWO LURES FOR THE AMBROSIA BEETLE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (OLIV.) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN CANADA, NORWAY, AND WEST GERMANY

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. McLean ◽  
A. Bakke ◽  
H. Niemeyer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Baited Traps

AbstractMultiple funnel, Schlitzfalle, and drainpipe traps baited with Linoprax® or Biolure® semiochemical baiting systems for the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) were evaluated in similar experiments in British Columbia, West Germany, and Norway. In British Columbia, the Biolure-baited traps caught more T. lineatum of both sexes than did Linoprax-baited traps. The Linoprax-baited traps caught more male T. lineatum in West Germany and Norway but fewer females than the Biolure system. Low percentages of female T. lineatum were often recorded at drainpipe traps.

THE SYMBIOTIC FUNGI OF CERTAIN AMBROSIA BEETLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi

The symbiotic fungi of three ambrosia beetles found in British Columbia have been cultured and identified. Monilia ferruginea Mathiesen-Käärik, Monilia brunnea Verrall, and Tuberculariella ambrosiae n. sp. are the symbiotic fungi of Trypodendron lineatum Oliv., Monarthrum scutellare LeConte, and Platypus wilsoni Swaine, respectively. Descriptions of these fungi are given and their phylogeny discussed.

A FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHEROMONES AND TWO HOST KAIROMONES OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Shore ◽  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Treatment Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractA Latin square design field experiment using treatment, site, and occasion as main effects was set up in spring 1981 to assess the responses of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) to traps baited with the pheromones lineatin and sulcatol alone and in combination with each other and with ethanol plus α-pinene. Addition of sulcatol to either lineatin or lineatin plus ethanol plus α-pinene resulted in significantly reduced catches of T. lineatum. Addition of ethanol plus α-pinene to sulcatol or lineatin resulted in significantly greater catches of both sexes of G. sulcatus and T. lineatum. These results suggest that separate traps be set out for each species in mass trapping suppression programs in timber processing areas and that ethanol and α-pinene be included with the pheromone to maximize catches of both of these ambrosia beetle species.

Economic losses resulting from ambrosia beetle infestation of sawlogs in coastal British Columbia, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orbay ◽  
J. A. McLean ◽  
B.J. Sauder ◽  
P.L. Cottell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Diameter Classes

Estimates of ambrosia beetle damage on 10 log grades, commonly used in sawmills of coastal British Columbia, were determined by the sawmill team of an Ambrosia Beetle Task Force during 1990–1992. A total of 417 ambrosia beetle attacked logs were evaluated in eight cooperating sawmills. Test logs were processed into lumber products, graded, and valued. Estimates of dollar loss per cubic metre for various log diameter classes were made. The average losses for the 10 log grades with respect to grade of lumber, with and without pinholes, ranged from $3.27 to $77.40/m3 of log. Changes in sawing patterns as a result of ambrosia beetle infestation were also assessed. The loss of deep clear potential on high-grade logs increased value losses by 57%. One third of large pulp logs were sawn for lumber. Ambrosia beetle infestation of sawn large pulp logs resulted in $19.20/m3 degrade loss.

Relative Abundance of Ambrosia Beetles in an Old-Growth Western Hemlock/Pacific Silver Fir Forest and Adjacent Harvesting Areas

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McLean ◽  
Scott M. Salom
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract Semiochemical-baited multiple-funnel traps were set out in two new logging areas and in mature forest on northeastern Vancouver Island near Kelsey Bay, British Columbia. The large numbers of ambrosia beetles captured indicated that Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus sulcatus are distributed along logging rights-of-way as well as in the surrounding forest. Results suggest that logs must be removed as soon as possible after felling in order to minimize degrade of the logs and to prevent the transport of ambrosia beetles from the harvesting areas to dryland sorting areas, booming grounds, and sawmills. West. J. Appl. For. 4(4):132-136, October 1989.

Anaerobic induction of primary chemical attractancy for ambrosia beetles

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Attractants ◽  
Anaerobic Induction

Experimental evidence supports a hypothesis that oxygen deficiency may be a causal factor in the formation of chemical attractants for the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier). Detectable attractancy can be induced by anaerobic conditions at 20 °C, imposed for 4 hours on fresh sapwood. Maximum attractancy develops within 24 hours of anaerobic processing. The hypothesis proposes that in a log or dying tree stagnation of the translocative and pneumatic systems leads to deficiency of oxygen at the active metabolic centers. The consequent change from oxidative to fermentative metabolism thus induces attractant formation.

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