Taxonomic Studies on the Acleris gloverana-variana Complex, the Black-headed Budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

The black-headed budworm has long been known as an endemic resident and occasional epidemic defoliator of coniferous forests in Canada and parts of northern United States. The moth is distributed across the whole of the northern forest area from Cape Breton Island to the west coast of Canada and Alaska. It is a serious and recurrent defoliator particularly in British Columbia and Washington (Silver, 1960). The larvae feed on various conifers of the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga, and different hosts are preferred in different parts of the range. Thus, Schaffner (1950) gives Abies balsamea as the most important host in eastern areas, Raizenne (1952) indicates that species of spruce (Picea) are most often utilized in southern Ontario, while Tsuga heterophylla has been found to be preferred in coastal British Columbia (Leech, 1933; Keen, 1952; Evans and Silver, 1954; Silver, 1960).

scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Filled Seeds per Cone of Western Hemlock from Coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
The Face ◽  
Predetermined Level ◽  
Exponential Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Filled Seeds

Abstract Unopened western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) cones from coastal British Columbia were tested for the relationship between total filled seeds per cone and the number of sound seeds exposed by slicing through the center of the cone's long axis, and with cone length. Predictive linear relationships of total number of filled seeds per cone (TFS), based on number of filled seeds cut on the face through the cone's long axis (CC), were found in a cone sample bulked from a number of trees. The regression based on CC explained about 63% of the variation in TFS. More accurate estimates of TFS were found where cone length, and exponential factors of CC and cone length, were included in the analysis. Analyses of cones from seven parents did not find statistically significant trends of TFS on CC in all cases, and differed in slope in most cases. Sample sizes (cones) to estimate TFS to a predetermined level of precision were much larger than cones needed to accept or reject a tree for study. West. J. Appl. For. (11)2:44-49.

Overturning resistance of western redcedar and western hemlock in mixed-species stands in coastal British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Byrne ◽  
Stephen J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Specific information about the applied forces that cause trees to fail is required to validate mechanistic models of windthrow in different forest types. Static tree-pulling tests were conducted to examine the overturning resistance of western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) and western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in a mixed species second-growth stand in coastal British Columbia. Although widely used, tree-pulling techniques are not standardized. Data from three inclinometers were used to estimate stem deflection, which was found to increase with tree slenderness. Differing methods of fitting stem curvature had a small effect on estimates of self-loading at failure. The distance of the pivot point from the centre of the stem base increased with tree diameter. Accounting for the correct self-loading at failure produced a small difference in the overall turning moment regressions but did not improve the fit of these regressions. However, this difference increased with tree size and warrants consideration in future tree-pulling tests with large or plate-rooted trees. The stem mass – overturning resistance relationship had the best fit and was not significantly different for these species in spite of their differences in wood density and stem form.

Vanterpoolia, a new genus of sporodochial hyphomycetes

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Vanterpoolia, a new genus of sporodochial hyphomycetes, is erected for a fungus occurring on necrotic, newly flushed needles of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in coastal British Columbia, Canada. The genus is characterized by triradiate conidia or rodlike, appendaged conidia produced in acropetal chains from simple, septate conidiophores arising from a pseudoparenchymatous stroma. A single species, Vanterpoolia tsugae n.sp., is described.

Slow growth, long-lived trees, and minimal disturbance characterize the dynamics of an ancient, montane forest in coastal British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2826-2838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Joseph A Antos
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seedling Bank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Level Disturbance

Elucidating the factors that structure very old forests is crucial to understanding their dynamics. We reconstructed the history of an ancient (1000-year-old) stand in the mountains of coastal British Columbia that contained four tree species (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach., Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr., and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in the canopy and the seedling bank. Using dendrochronological procedures, we examined the growth patterns of all trees (>4.0 cm diameter at breast height) in four 0.25 ha mapped plots. We also sampled the seedling bank in the four plots. Age structures indicated variable but rather continuous recruitment for all species. Periods of increased amounts of release or rapid early growth occurred but were not pronounced. Overall, we found little evidence for stand-level disturbance or the formation of large gaps. All four tree species appear able to persist in the stand in the absence of major stand-level disturbance, but the mechanisms contributing to coexistence differ. One species, C. nootkatensis, depends primarily on vegetative reproduction for persistence. Single-tree gap dynamics have predominated in the stand for centuries, placing this stand at the far end of the gradient from forests controlled by large, severe disturbances to those where very small-scale processes predominate.

Growth and nutrition of three conifer species across site gradients of north coastal British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Kranabetter ◽  
A Banner ◽  
J Shaw
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

We compared height growth and nutrition (foliar nutrient concentrations and retranslocation rates from 1-year-old needles) of second-growth plantations on imperfectly drained, lower productivity cedar–hemlock–salal forests with those of more productive ecosystems of north coastal British Columbia. Soils ranged from deep organic profiles to well-drained mineral soils derived from igneous to metamorphic bedrock. Leader increments on imperfectly drained sites were smaller than on well-drained sites, averaging 42% less for western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), 56% less for Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), and 32% less for western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). Strong linear correlations were found between leader increment and foliar N, P, and S concentrations for all three tree species, and baseline foliar data for productive sites were presented. The foliar N ratios with P, S, and K were consistent across sites and indicated that many key foliar nutrients increased proportionally to the availability of N. A comparison of nutrient concentrations between current and 1-year-old foliage generally showed little difference on poorer sites, which suggested that there had been no retranslocation of nutrients from young needles within trees to compensate for low soil nutrient availability. This study confirmed the inherently low productivity of cedar-hemlock-salal forests, especially on granodiorite and gneissic diorite bedrock types, and suggested the need for site treatments or long rotations for sustainable management.

The Relation of Weather to Population Trends of the Black-headed Budworm Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Canal Area ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

The history of the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.), in the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forests of coastal British Columbia is one of recurring cycles of outbreaks. The latest cycle occurred from 1952 to 1957 and was represented by three main outbreaks in the Portland Canal area from Prince Rupert to Stewart, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and on northern Vancouver Island. Previous to this, groups of West Coast outbreaks were recorded from 1940 to 1945, and from 1927 to 1931 (Prebble and Graham, 1945a).

A new Nitschkia on western conifers and its probable microconidial state

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 2113-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Nitschkia molnarii (Ascomycetes: Nitschkiaceae), is described from Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in coastal British Columbia, Canada. A microconidial state closely associated with the ascocarps is described, but not separately named.

Culinary tourism on Cape Breton Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Culinary Tourism ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
World Class ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Developed World

Cape Breton Island is a well-known North American tourism destination with long-standing attractions such as the Cabot Trail and more recently developed world-class offerings such as the Cabot Links Golf Course. Tourism contributes significantly to Cape Breton’s economy, particularly since the mid-20th century as traditional resource-based industries have declined. In the 21st century, culinary tourism has become increasingly important to expand the island’s tourism offerings and to provide “authentic” tourism experiences. This study examines local-food tourism in Cape Breton to illuminate its cultural and economic significance. I conducted interviews with food producers, restaurateurs, government representatives, and tourism executives. I also consulted websites and policy documents and compared local stakeholders’ experiences and perspectives with official tourism strategies. Promoting culinary tourism raises questions of power, autonomy, inclusion, and accountability. My study accentuates possibilities for aligning economic and ecological goals to create resilient communities, foster equitable social and ecological relations, and establish Cape Breton as a culinary tourism destination.

Cape Breton ruby, a new Canadian gemstone discovery, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mossman ◽  
James D. Duivenvoorden ◽  
Fenton M. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton
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