Insect Enemies of Lecanium coryli L. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Saskatchewan

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. T. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Eleven Species

Local outbreaks of Lecanium coryli L. on white elm, Ulmus americana L., at Indian Head and Regina, Saskatchewan, were investigated from 1957 to 1960. Information on the seasonal occurrence, habits of the females, natural mortality, and chemical control of the scale has been reported (Peterson, 1960). During this investigation, data on insects attacking the scale were collected and are presented in this paper. Eleven species of hymenopterous parasites and one dipterous predator were collected. All were associated with the late nymphal stage and/or the adult stage of the female host. Table I lists the hymenopterous species and shows the numbers of adults and their emergence periods, recorded from 1958 to 1960.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE BROMEGRASS SEED MIDGE, CONTARINIA BROMICOLA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYHDAE), IN SASKATCHEWAN

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Curry ◽  
R. P. Knowles ◽  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractPopulations of the bromegrass seed midge, Contarinia bromicola Marikovskiy and Agafonova, were sampled in bromegrass plots in Saskatchewan in the years 1974 to 1980 inclusive. Two peaks of midge adult numbers were observed, the first at bromegrass heading time in early June and the second about 20–25 days later at bromegrass flowering. Parasitism by a species of Tetrastichus (Eulophidae) varied from 30% to 75%. Carbofuran (0.14 kg A.I./ha) or dimethoate (0.56 kg A.I./ha) spray, applied just before emergence of adult midges at flowering time, significantly reduced numbers of midges and parasites resident in the plants in both of two field tests; a second generation of midge larvae, following invasion by midge adults, was significantly reduced by residual treatment effect in only 1 of the 2 years.

THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF GRASSHOPPERS: I. REARING OF THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS (SAY), ON A COMPLETELY DEFINED SYNTHETIC DIET AND SOME EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF B-VITAMIN MIXTURE, LINOLEIC ACID, AND β-CAROTENE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Essential Chemical ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Β Carotene

Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) can be reared From the first-instar nymphal stage to the adult stage on an amorphous diet consisting of essential chemical feeding requirements such as carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and soluble starch), protein (casein), salt mixture, cholesterol, ascorbic acid, and B-vitamin mixture. This suggests that the chemical feeding requirements of M. bivittatus are essentially similar to those of other phytophagous insects. The physical requirements for feeding, especially alphacel, which provides the necessary bulk to the diet, and the effect of available moisture in the container used for rearing the nymphs under laboratory conditions are demonstrated, in addition, effects of different concentrations of B-vitamin mixture, linoleic acid, and β-carotene on growth and development of these nymphs have been shown. Lower concentrations of B-vitamin mixture do not support optimal growth and higher concentrations do not further improve growth appreciably. β-Carotene is required for normal pigmentation of the nymphs, but is not required for growth and development. Linoleic acid is not required for growth of the nymphs, but is necessary for normal molting to the adult stage.

scholarly journals Biology of Bemisia tuberculata Bondar (Aleyrodidae) and parasitism by Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) on cassava plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN. Andrade Filho ◽  
AR. Roel ◽  
AM. Penteado-Dias ◽  
RB. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The whitefly Bemisia tuberculata has caused serious damage to cassava producing areas in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. However, little is known about the biological characteristics of this species. The objective of this study was therefore, to monitor the development of this species bred on cassava plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, and to determine its most vulnerable stages and its reproductive capacity, as well as measuring the length and width each stage of development. To obtain these data, adult individuals were kept in voile traps on cassava leaves of five different plants, totalling ten leaves. After 24 hours the leaves were removed from the traps thus making each egg-laden leaf an experimental unit. The lowest mortality rate was record in the last nymphal stage ('pupae) compared with the other development stages. The highest mortality occurred in the nymphs at the 2nd and 3rd instars. Each female laid an average of 6.3 eggs in 24 hours. Thirteen days after egg laying, every one of the nymphs was fixed on the leaves of cassava plants. From the egg laying stage up until the adult stage, the process took 26 days. The proportion of females was 73.5%. The average size of the B. tuberculata egg was 163.22 µm in length and 72.39 µm in width and the "pupae" is 915.82 µm in length and 628.71 µm in width. The measurements of males were 797.16 µm in length and 200.81 µm in width and the length females 916.12 µm in length and 338.99 µm in width. The parasitoid Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) was found in the insect stock culture.

USING RUBIDIUM TO MARK A PREDATOR, GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Cohen ◽  
C. Glen Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Geocoris Punctipes ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Ad Libitum

Geocoris punctipes (Say) was fed artificial diet containing 0, 70, 350 or 700 ppm Rb from 4th-instar nymphal stage to adult stage. Adult weights and duration of nymphal stadia were not affected by Rb treatment. Adult survival was reduced at 350 ppm but was not significantly lower at 700 ppm than at 0 or 70 ppm Rb. Fifth-instar nymphs that were fed 350 ppm and kept under laboratory conditions (i.e., ad libitum food and water, 27°C, 40% RH) retained enough Rb for reliable detection 1 week after return to unlabeled diet.

New records of Amblyomma goeldii (Acari: Ixodidae) and description of the nymphal stage 

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3949 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIAGO F. MARTINS ◽  
SÉRGIO L. GIANIZELLA ◽  
PABLO H. NUNES ◽  
DIOGO C. L. O. FARIA ◽  
CARLOS A. R. DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
French Guyana ◽  
First Time ◽  
Amazonian Region

Since its original description from the Amazonian region, the tick species Amblyomma goeldii Neumann, 1899 has been misidentified with Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 in different countries of the Neotropical region. Because of this, some authors have considered that the only confirmed records of A. goeldii were from French Guyana. Herein, we reviewed all specimens of A. goeldii that have been deposited at two tick collections in Brazil. In addition, we describe the nymphal stage of A. goeldii for the first time. A total of 10 unpublished records of the adult stage of A. goeldii are recorded from the Amazonian region of Brazil, confirming the occurrence of A. goeldii in this country. Except for one record on the snake Boa constrictor Linnaeus, all records of A. goeldii reported in the present study were from anteaters (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Our results, in conjunction with previous literature records, indicate that anteaters and large snakes are important hosts for the adult stage of A. goeldii. The nymph of A. goeldii is morphologically similar to the nymphs of Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli, 1939, Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844, and A. rotundatum. We present a modification of a previously published taxonomic key of Amblyomma nymphs from Brazil, in order to perform taxonomic identification of the nymph of A. goeldii based on external morphology. The geographical distribution of A. goeldii appears to be restricted to the Amazonian region. There were no previous host records for the immature stages of A. goeldii, thus it is expected that the present nymphal description will facilitate further works on the ecology of this poorly studied tick species. 

scholarly journals Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the Amazônia of Maranhão. V. Seasonal occurrence in ancient colonization area and endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. M. REBÊLO ◽  
S. T. de OLIVEIRA ◽  
F. S. SILVA ◽  
V. L. L. BARROS ◽  
J. M. L. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Eleven Species

In this paper, the seasonal abundance of 25 sandfly species (1 of the Brumptomyia genus and 24 of the Lutzomyia genus) found at P1V5, municipal district of Buriticupu, Maranhão State, is discussed. The capture was carried out from 18:00 P.M. to 6:00 A.M., once a month, from January to December 1996. CDC light traps were set up in the forest, in the peri and intradomicile environments. Five species were only found in the rainy season (January to June), being represented by one or two individuals; eight species occurred only in the dry season (July to December) and eleven species appeared in both seasons. The most frequent species in the dry period were: L. whitmani (26.3%), L. serrana (23%), L. choti (22.8%), L. evandroi (7.5%), L. longipalpis (5.8%), L. termitophila (3.3%), L. shannoni (3%) and L. migonei (2.5%). In the rainy season, L. whitmani was the prevailing species (74%), followed by L. termitophila (4%), L. umbratilis (3.4%), L. serrana (2.8%), L. evandroi (2,8%) and L. claustrei (2.4%). L. whitmani was thought to be an annual species, occurring in the entire year of study. The others species, with exception to L. serrana and L. evandroi, showed a seasonal, punctual or peripheric pattern.

Dispersal of Nymphs of the Grasshopper, Camnula pellucida (Scudd.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rapid Advance ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractNymphs of Camnula pellucida hatching from an egg-bed originally about 800 square yards in extent had occupied, by the time they had reached the immature adult stage, approximately 160 acres. For the first three weeks the main factors affecting direction of advancing fronts appeared to be topographical features. The average rate of most rapid advance during this stage was only about 6 yards daily. Subsequently, dispersal appeared to become more random and general, proceeding at a maximum rate of about 20 yards daily, and rather rapidly over-running or outflanking most topographical features that had at first seemed to channelize movement. Dispersal in the nymphal stage was followed by characteristic reassembly of adults for breeding.

Investigating the Natural Mortality of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cotton Crops in Tropical Regions Using Ecological Life Tables

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
António Chamuene ◽  
Tamíris Alves De Araújo ◽  
Mayara Cristina Lopes ◽  
Renata Ramos Pereira ◽  
Paulo Geraldo Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Abstract Studies on the natural factors contributing to pest regulation are fundamental to developing efficient integrated pest management programs. Chemical control is the main management method used for pests [e.g., Aphis gossypii (Glover)]. The studies of pest management with chemical control provide information that can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs to promote more sustainable pest control approaches. Here, we report the critical stages of A. gossypii and its abiotic and biotic natural mortality factors in cotton crops as a function of plant phenology using a life table. The critical stages of A. gossypii were the first and fourth instars. Together, the abiotic and biotic factors caused 94.31% of the mortality in the A. gossypii populations in cotton crops with plants in the vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. The key mortality factors were rainfall and predation. Syrphidae Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Chrysopidae Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae, many Coccinellidae species Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Eriopsis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scymnus rubicundus (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Stethorus punctillum (Weise) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), one Anthocoridae species Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and individuals from the Araneidae family were responsible for the predation of A. gossypii. The results obtained in this study provide support for the idea that efforts to preserve natural enemies (e.g., predators) and rainfall monitoring should be adapted due to their importance for the regulation of A. gossypii populations in all the phenological stages of cotton in tropical regions.

scholarly journals THE B VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE HOUSE CRICKET

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ritchot ◽  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
B Vitamin

The importance of 10 B vitamins for growth and survival of the nymphs of Acheta domesticus (L.) was tested by single omission. Thiamine, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, choline, and biotin were found to be essential, the omission of any one of them resulting in very poor growth and in little or no survival to the adult stage. The absence of riboflavin or inositol retarded growth significantly, but a large percentage of the nymphs still reached the adult stage. The lack of folic acid resulted in a significantly longer nymphal stage and in greater mortality towards the end of that period. Only the omission of p-aminobenzoic acid had no significant effect on the nymphs.

COMPARISON OF THE SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF TRICHOSIROCALUS HORRIDUS (PANZER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN VIRGINIA BETWEEN 1981–83 and 1979

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Kok ◽  
W. T. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Overwintering Site

Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a ceutorhynchine weevil introduced for control of Carduus thistle, is well established in Virginia. Its preferred host, Carduus thoermeri Weinmann (musk thistle), was collected from two sites with large populations of the weevil. Sampling was carried out over a 20-month period between 1981 and 1983. Whole plants were dug up and returned to the laboratory for dissection to determine the seasonal occurrence of T. horridus. The results were compared with those of an earlier study in Virginia which was based on non-destructive sampling soon after the weevil became established. In the current study all immature stages were detected at least 1–3 months earlier in the fall than previously reported, and the adult stage was found on the host plant from September through July. Detection of the different life stages of T. horridus for longer durations was also the result of larger established populations of the weevil at the sampling sites. Other new findings include the discovery that T. horridus overwinters in the egg, larval, and adult stages, that the overwintering site for the adult is decaying organic matter and the soil surface in the vicinity of the rosettes, and that viable eggs are found in non-photosynthetic as well as green leaves. The large proportion of eggs found in the rachis of nonphotosynthetic leaves suggests that sampling for eggs based on green leaves only can be misleading.

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