Variation Between Samples of Fruit, and of Fruit Damages Mainly from Insect Pests, on Apple in Quebec

E. J. LeRoux

doi:10.4039/ent93680-8

Variation Between Samples of Fruit, and of Fruit Damages Mainly from Insect Pests, on Apple in Quebec

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent93680-8 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 680-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. J. LeRoux

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Feeding Activities ◽

Sound Sampling

In May, 1958, studies on the distribution of fruit, and of fruit damages from all sources; were initiated in permanent apple orchard plots at Rougemont, Que. The object was to develop sound sampling techniques to determine, within error limits, damages to the fruit resulting from the feeding activities of orchard insect pests, and from mechanical causes, during the period apple set in early June to harvest in mid September. This is a report on variation in samples of apples, and of damages to the fruit from all sources, for the years 1958 and 1959, and on sampling recommendations.

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Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300006718 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. Sean Clark ◽

Stuart H. Gage

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Bird Species ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Plum Curculio ◽

Free Range ◽

Domestic Bird

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.

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Control of insect pests using trunk injection in a newly established apple orchard

International Journal of Fruit Science ◽

10.1080/15538362.2018.1501634 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 151-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles C. Coslor ◽

Christine Vandervoort ◽

John C. Wise

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Trunk Injection

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Extraction and Toxicity Assay of Mycotoxin from Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolate of Kusuma Agrowisata Orchard Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i5.979 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Derdy Janli ◽

Maria Goretti M. Purwanto ◽

Ida Bagus Artadana ◽

Theresia Desy Askitosari

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Toxicity Assay ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Weight Analysis ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

<p>Insect pest control has been a major problem faced by farmers around the world and there has been no perfect solution to handle it. The use of insecticides derived from chemically active compounds has made negative impacts such as the emergence of resistant pest and disruption of ecosystems. In addition, it raised many other negative impacts on the environment and on non-target organisms. Therefore, an alternative is needed to replace chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungus is one of the potential biological control organism to suppress the growth of insect pests. This study aims to extract mycotoxin from entomopathogenic fungi isolated from the apple orchard at Batu, East Java, Indonesia and determine the level of toxicity against Tenebrio molitor larvae. Mycotoxin was extracted using precipitation with ammonium sulphate and dialysis. It was subjected to molecular weight analysis and toxicity test to determine the LC50 value. Results showed that protein bands were found between 20 kDa to 55 kDa. Based on the study, the mycotoxin showed a LC50 at a concentration of 42,78 μg · mL<sup>–1</sup>.</p>

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An Assessment of Organic Apple Production in Kentucky

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.25.2.154 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark A. Williams ◽

John G. Strang ◽

Ricardo T. Bessin ◽

Derek Law ◽

Delia Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Total Yield ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Organic System ◽

Apple Production

Although the interest in and production acreage of organic fruit and vegetables has grown in recent years, there are questions about the viability of perennial crops such as apple (Malus ×domestica) in an organic system in Kentucky because of the long, hot, and humid growing season. Thus, the objective of this project was to assess the severity of the challenges to organic apple production in Kentucky. A high-density, organic apple orchard was established in 2007 in the University of Kentucky Horticultural Research Farm in Lexington. The orchard of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)–resistant ‘Redfree’, ‘Crimson Crisp’, and ‘Enterprise’ trees on ‘Budagovsky 9’ (B.9) rootstock, trained in a vertical axis system, was managed using organically certified techniques and materials for disease and insect control since its inception. Tree growth, tree and fruit injury from insect pests and diseases, and yield over the period 2011–13 were studied. Periodic, shallow cultivation kept the ground beneath the trees free of vegetation once the lower limbs were pulled up and away from the path of the equipment. Vole (Microtus sp.) damage was a continuing problem despite the use of trunk guards and cultivation to remove habitat around the trees. Total fruit yield ranged from 1.2 to 8.1 kg/tree across years and cultivars, with the marketable proportion of the total yield averaging 68% for Redfree and 43% for Crimson Crisp and Enterprise over the 3-year period. The unmarketable fruit exhibited a high incidence of plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) damage, with generally less damage from codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and sooty blotch (Glosodes pomigena)/flyspeck (Schizathyrium pomi). In addition, in two of the three seasons, ‘Crimson Crisp’ and ‘Enterprise’, which were harvested at later calendar dates then ‘Redfree’, had significant levels of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) injury, ‘Enterprise’ had significantly greater bitter rot (Glomerella cingulata), and ‘Crimson Crisp’ showed fruit and foliar damage from cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae). Because ‘Redfree’ was the only cultivar with an acceptable marketable proportion of the fruit crop, the use of early ripening disease-resistant apple cultivars may have the greatest potential for successful organic apple production in Kentucky and the surrounding region.

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Evaluation of Fruit Bagging as a Pest Management Option for Direct Pests of Apple

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects9040178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Frank

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Management Option ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Fruit Damage ◽

Fruit Diameter

Bagging fruit with plastic, paper, and two-layer commercial bags was evaluated for control of insect pests and diseases in an experimental apple orchard planted with ‘Red Delicious’ trees. Results from fruit damage evaluations at harvest showed that bagging significantly reduced fruit damage from direct apple pests compared with non-bagged control plots, and generally provided similar levels of fruit protection when compared with a conventional pesticide spray program. Of the three bagging materials evaluated, plastic bags provided numerically higher levels of fruit protection from insect pests, and two-layer commercial bags provided numerically higher levels of fruit protection from fruit diseases. Fruit quality as measured by percentage Brix was higher in non-bagged control plots than all other treatment plots. Fruit quality as measured by fruit diameter was not significantly different among treatments. Plastic and two-layer commercial bags generally required less time to secure around apple fruit than paper bags. The proportion of bags that remained on fruit until harvest ranged from 0.54–0.71 (commercial bags), 0.64–0.82 (plastic bags), and 0.32–0.60 (paper bags), depending on the year.

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Variation Between Samples of Immature Stages, and of Mortalities from Some Factors, of the Eye-Spotted Bud Moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and the Pistol Casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), on Apple in Quebec

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent91428-7 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 428-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

E. J. LeRoux ◽

C. Reimer

Keyword(s):

Life Tables ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Successive Generations ◽

Sound Sampling

In July, 1956, studies on mortality factors affecting abundance of immature stages of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), and the pistol casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.), on apple were initiated in permanent orchard plots at Rougemont, Que. The object was to prepare life tables (Morris and Miller, 1954) for successive generations of each species through the rise and fall of a local epidemic. In preparing such tables, sound sampling techniques are necessary (Morris, 1955). This is a report on variation in samples, and in some mortality factors, of immature stages of the two species for the years 1956 to 1959, and on sampling recommendations.

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