Insects and Mites Associated with Hot Spots in Farm Stored Grain

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 609-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Rapid Deterioration ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Hot spots may develop quickly in farm stored grain under Canadian winter conditions. Heavy infestations of mites, insects and fungi may accompany such hot spots (Stirrett and Arnott, 1933; Watters, 1955). Once the heating process is initiated, whatever its cause, it brings about a rapid deterioration of grain, tluough charring of kernels, and reduction of their germinability, and by providing optimum conditions for the growth and reproduction of storage fungi, insects and mites.

FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH HOT SPOTS IN FARM STORED GRAIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. H. Wallace ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Bulk Heating ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Water Contents

The temperature, moisture, germination and fungal relationships of normal and heated wheat and oats collected from grain bulks in 13 granaries in Manitoba and Saskatchewan were determined during the falls and winters of 1957–60. Eight bulks were studied in detail. It was found that hot spots could develop anywhere in a bin. Temperatures up to 53 °C. (in winter) were obtained and were usually highest at the base of the bulk. Heating grain was relatively dry (less than 11 per cent) except along the surface. The highest water contents (27 per cent) in the bulks always occurred in the gram along the surface layers. Loss of germinability could occur anywhere in the bulk. Field fungi, such as Alternaria, were common in viable seed, but negligible in heated grain. The seeds in hot spots were predominantly infected by storage fungi, among which Penicillium spp. were the most abundant, even in relatively dry grain at the 6-foot depth. Other fungi commonly found were Aspergillus spp., especially A. flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. versicolor (Vuillemin) Tiraboschi and Absidia spp. Actinomycetes (Streptomyces) were common in some heating grain bulks.

Lipase Acrylic Resin Catalyzed Interesterification of Sewage Sludge in Micro Packed Bed Reactor: Box-Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Ali A. Jazie ◽  
Riyam Imad Jaddan ◽  
Mohamed F. Al-Dawody ◽  
Suhad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Ethyl acetate as acyl accepter have been used for sewage sludge biodiesel production in micro packed bed reactor. Lipase acrylic resin enzyme activity was investigated in the interesterification reaction of converting the sewage sludge into a biodiesel product. The main parameters affecting the process was adjusted via the design of Box-Behnken and approach of response surface then the optimum conditions were as follow (reaction time=15 h, ethyl acetate/oil ratio=24:1, temperature=40 °C and enzyme quantity=18 wt%) providing 95.78 % biodiesel yield. The lipase acrylic resin was examined under the optimum conditions for the reusability. the flow effect and the heating process of the micro packed bed reactor was investigated. The product biodiesel physicochemical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D-6751-2 and found acceptable comparable to the mineral diesel properties.

scholarly journals Grain storage: the management of ecological change – abstract

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Tropical Climates

Grain stored in bulk forms a man-made ecosystem with a limited, non-regenerating energy supply. However, frequent interference results in an immature, unstable ecosystem with a relatively simple structure and composed of species with limited specialisation, and high growth and reproductive rates. Microbial colonisation commences soon after ear emergence, by what have been termed “field” fungi. These usually have a minimum water potential for germination of −22.4 MPa (> 0.85 aw), have to contend with large diurnal changes in environmental conditions and seldom develop further in store. Sometimes, especially in humid tropical climates, species more typical of stored grain (“storage fungi”) also develop before harvest, and even produce mycotoxins. This differentiation between fungi characteristic of field or store is historical and their classification on ecological requirements would be preferable.

Infestation of Mites, Insects and Microorganisms in a Large Wheat Bulk after Prolonged Storage

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sinha ◽  
E. A. R. Liscombe ◽  
H. A. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Prairie Provinces ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

Mites, insects, and storage fungi usually infest grain that has been stored for several years. Since mites and most storage fungi are usually considered of secondary importance to insects, few comprehensive studies have been made on their occurrence in grain stored in the Prairie Provinces. Although difficult to see because of their microscopic size, the presence of mites and fungi in stored grain often leads to a decrease in grain quality. Thus, information on their occurrence in stored grain together with data on the damage attributed to them would be useful in assessing their economic significance.

Research on Treatment of Schoolyard Domestic Sewage with Accelerator for Biological Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2048-2051
Author(s):  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Ping Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Biological Reaction

Abstract. Sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the important factors on the treatment of contaminated water by using aerobic microbes. So that oxygen transfer becomes one of the hot spots on the research and development of the wastewater treatment engineering. Oxygen transfering is intensified by the accelerator for biological reaction. In this paper, the schoolyard domestic sewage was processed by the method of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge processing. Some important factors, e.g. the dosage of the accelerator for biological reaction, and the effect of the aeration time and intensity on the CODCr removal efficiency have been investigated, the optimum conditions have been chosen.

Insects of Stored Grain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rees
Keyword(s):  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
Colour Photograph ◽  
Concise Information ◽  
Grain Products

A pocket reference that allows the non-specialist to identify major insect and arachnid pests found in stored cereal grains, grain products and grain legumes. It describes most storage pests found worldwide and provides concise information on the biology, distribution, damage and economic importance of each species. Each entry contains at least one colour photograph. The notes for each species tell the nature of the pest or beneficial and the commodity affected; temperature and humidity conditions at which the species can survive; optimum conditions at which eggs take the shortest time to develop into adults; and maximum population growth rate per month. This new edition has twice as many species in it and more detail on distribution, host range and pest status than the previous edition. Short introductory sections on insect biology, principles of control and concepts of pest status evaluation have also been added.

Ecology of insect-induced hot spots in stored grain in western Canada

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sinha ◽  
H. A. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stored Grain

Photoperiod and temperature regulation of the life history of Porphyra columbina (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) from central Chile

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1867-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Avila ◽  
B. Santelices ◽  
J. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20 °C) and photoperiod (8:16, 12:12, 16:8 (hours of light: hours of dark)) on the growth and reproduction of different stages in the life history of Porphyra columbina Montagne were assessed. The conchocelis phase had higher growth rates at 12 h light:12 h dark, 45 μmol m−2 s−1, and 15 °C. Under all the temperatures and photoperiods tested, the conchocelis phase could propagate either by monospores or vegetative fragmentation. Conchosporangia were formed only at 10 °C and 8 h light:16 h dark or at 15 °C and either 8 h light:16 h dark or 12 h light:12 h dark. Long photoperiods inhibited conchosporangia formation at all temperatures tested with the exception of 20 °C and 16 h light:8 h dark, where sporangia was formed once. Conchospores were released when the temperature was decreased (15 to 10 °C) maintaining the photoperiod. Conchospore germination occurred under the three photoperiods and temperatures tested. Growth of juvenile fronds was maximum at 15 °C and either 12 h light:12 h dark or 16 h light:8 h dark. Fronds formed carpospores and spermatia at 15 °C and 16 h light:8 h dark only. With optimum conditions the life history was completed in 60 days. Spermatia had three chromosomes (n = 3).

scholarly journals Accurate Modeling of the Microwave Treatment of Works of Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pierdicca ◽  
Marina Paolanti ◽  
Roberto Bacchiani ◽  
Roberto de Leo ◽  
Bruno Bisceglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Dielectric Characteristics ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Heating Treatment

The microwave heating treatment is a useful methodology and the disinfestation of works of art can also benefit from this approach. However, even if the microwave treatment is able to eliminate the pests that could damage the works of arts, it may nevertheless present some unexpected effects such as the presence of highly heated areas (hot spots) or areas with poor radiation due to particular shapes. To overcome this issue, we developed a mathematical model allowing predicting and monitoring tasks about the heating process. The prediction model has been developed into a software solution able to predict the distribution of heating power in objects to be treated, even of complex shapes, in order to define the exposure conditions, the time necessary to the processing, the power to be transmitted in the chamber and any repair or protection to cover the most sensitive areas. It can also predict the behaviour of irradiation in the presence of other entities such as nails or pests. The data to be provided for performing a simulation are: the geometry of the object, the shape of the infesting agent and their dielectric characteristics. As a result, we obtain the distribution of heating power and a software tool able to model and predict activities for cultural heritage treatments.

scholarly journals Survival over the winter of Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in hot spots caused by improper grain storage technology: the first record in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Zuska ◽  
P. Werner ◽  
Z. Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
First Record ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
First Time

The survival of dense populations of Rhyzopertha dominica in stored grain hot spots in the Czech Republic during winter months was documented for the first time. Improper storage of grain causes subsurface hot zones, which seem to provide conditions for pest overwintering and become the source of subsequent cross infestations. 

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