Myzus certus (Wlk.), an Efficient Vector of Potato Virus Y

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. MacGillivray ◽  
R. H. E. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
The One ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Infected Tobacco

There seems to be only one report of the aphid Myzus certus (Wlk.) transmitting a virus, bean yellow mosaic virus (Swenson, 1957). It is therefore noteworthy that M. certus transmits potato virus Y as readily as does Myzus persicae (Sulz.), until now the most efficient vector known for virus Y. In one experiment that showed this, the numbers of single aphids out of 50 that transmitted virus Y were 27 and 28 respectively. Briefly the experiment was as follows: M. certus was reared on pansy (Viola tricolor) and M. persicae on rape (Brassica napus); the strain of virus Y was the one that has been used at our laboratory for aphid transmission studies during the past ten years; single adult apterae or late instar nymphs each probed once for less than a minute into an infected tobacco plant and then fed overnight on a young healthy tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum var. White Burley).

EFFECTS OF DEPTH OF STYLET PENETRATION ON APHID TRANSMISSION OF POTATO VIRUS Y

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Superficial Tissues

The aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) most often became infective with potato virus Y on inserting the stylets only superficially into infected tobacco plants after a period without food; the further the stylets penetrated into the plant, the less likely the aphid was to be infective. When epidermis was removed from infected plants, aphids acquired virus Y as readily from the exposed mesophyll as from the piece of removed epidermis. M. persicae can feed by inserting its stylets through a membrane and into tobacco plants. But aphids rarely became infective with virus Y when they inserted their stylets through a membrane and into infected plants; and infective aphids rarely transmitted the virus when they inserted their stylets through a membrane into susceptible plants. Yet infective aphids that penetrated a membrane could afterwards infect a plant not covered with a membrane. Also, aphids did not become infective when they penetrated the deeper tissues of infected plants that had had the virus in the superficial tissues inactivated by ultraviolet radiations. The main conclusion is that M. persicae rarely becomes infective with virus Y or transmits it after the stylets penetrate beyond the first layer of plant cells.

SOME WAYS IN WHICH A PARAFFIN OIL IMPEDES APHID TRANSMISSION OF POTATO VIRUS Y

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
The Third ◽  
Paraffin Oil

In laboratory tests with a light white paraffin oil, transmission of potato virus Y by viruliferous adults of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was impeded by (a) allowing aphids to probe on a leaf coated with oil, (b) manually touching the end of the labium to an oil-coated leaf, or (c) inserting the bare stylets directly into the oil. The first two of these but not the third also impeded for some minutes the uptake and transmission of virus Y by nonviruliferous aphids. Oil sprayed on plants kept in the laboratory continued to cause these effects for some weeks. If infected plants, used as virus sources for aphids, were coated with oil, transmission from them was impeded. It is still not clear why oil impedes transmission. But the results give good reasons to believe that oil can be used in the field to prevent spread of certain aphid-borne viruses.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Potato virus Y Genomes in Single Aphid Stylets

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2315-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khelifa
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Typically, the detection of a plant virus within its vector is carried out on the entire insect body. This process can be a possible source of confusion in the quantification of transmissible virus particles for styletborne viruses such as Potato virus Y (PVY), since the transmissible virus fraction is the one only retained in the aphid vector’s mouthparts. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the quantitative PCR method for the detection and quantification of PVY in the vector’s stylet. Using a specific method based on TaqMan chemistry with higher sensitivity than conventional reverse transcription PCR, this study reveals that a significant amount of the virus is enclosed within the dissected stylets of Myzus persicae. Because this quantification only concerns the portion of the virus attached to the stylets, uniformity was observed in the recorded numbers of virus targets. This novel assay is applicable to several PVY strains as a rapid and sensitive detection method for use in PVY research and offers a convenient tool for deciphering the mechanism of Potyvirus acquisition.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Potato virus Y strains PVYO and PVYN-Wi by Five Aphid Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1279-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. S. Mello ◽  
R. A. Olarte ◽  
S. M. Gray ◽  
K. L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a reemerging problem in potato production in North America. Although the “ordinary” strain, PVYO, is still the dominant isolate in U.S. seed potatoes, the recombinant strain of the virus PVYN-Wi (= PVYN:O) has become widespread. An increase in the prevalence of a PVY strain could be due to differences in the efficiency of transmission by aphid vectors. The transmission efficiency by a clone of Myzus persicae was determined for five isolates each of PVYO and PVYN-Wi. An aphid transmission assay was developed based on the use of potato seedlings from true potato seed, allowing for greater control of plant age and growth stage. No apparent differences in transmission by M. persicae were observed. Single isolates of PVYO and PVYN-Wi were tested for their ability to be transmitted from potato to potato by five aphid species: Aphis glycines, A. gossypii, A. nasturtii, M. persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi. Both PVY isolates showed a similar transmission phenotype in being transmitted efficiently by M. persicae but very poorly or not at all by A. glycines, A. gossypii, and R. padi. The aphid A. nasturtii transmitted both isolates with an intermediate level of efficiency. The data do not support a model for a differential aphid transmissibility being responsible for the increase in the prevalence of PVYN-Wi.

COMPARATIVE TRANSMISSION OF POTATO VIRUS Y BY FOUR APHID SPECIES THAT INFEST POTATO

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley ◽  
D. W. Rideout
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Vector Efficiency

Single aphids of four species were observed with a hand-lens until each had touched its proboscis once on a tobacco plant infected with potato virus Y and then once on a healthy tobacco plant. The time that the proboscis remained touching the plants in each case was recorded. This procedure required only a few minutes for each aphid, and sometimes it was completed in less than a minute. During this process, the successful transmissions of potato virus Y by single aphids of Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aphis abbreviata Patch, Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashm), and Myzus solani (Kltb.) were 55, 31, 9, and 4% respectively. Vector efficiency was not due to difference in feeding behavior of these species. When single infective aphids were transferred to a series of five plants at five-minute intervals, M. persicae caused more infections and remained infective longer than A. abbreviata.

Environmental factors influencing aphid transmission of potato virus Y and potato leafroll virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Singh ◽  
S. M. Paul Khurana ◽  
B. B. Nagaich ◽  
H. O. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Leafroll Virus

SOME EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE ON POTATO VIRUS Y IN VITRO, AND ABILITY OF APHIDS TO TRANSMIT THE VIRUS WHEN THEIR STYLETS ARE TREATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley ◽  
R. Y. Ganong
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Infected Tobacco

Potato virus Y (PVY) was made noninfective by incubation with formaldehyde in vitro. Yet this noninfective virus reacted with PVY antiserum and caused antibodies to be produced in rabbits as readily as infective PVY. A method is described for baring the stylets of living aphids beyond the end of the labium, which normally encloses the stylets. Specimens of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) infective with PVY were made noninfective by treating the stylets for 30 sec. with concentrations of formaldehyde as low as 0.03%; and 0.25% formaldehyde caused the same effect in five seconds. Aphids were also made noninfective when the proboscis with the tip of the stylets bared was treated with formaldehyde, even after the stylets had been inserted a considerable distance into infected tobacco plants. By contrast, aphids usually remained infective when the proboscis with the stylets enclosed in the labium was treated with similar concentrations of formaldehyde. However, formaldehyde treatment of the stylets did not affect the ability of aphids immediately thereafter to acquire and transmit PVY. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that viruses transmitted like PVY are carried by the stylets of their aphid vectors.

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