Life-History of the Seed-Corn Maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.) and of H. liturata (Mg.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Southwestern Ontario

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Miller ◽  
R. J. McClanahan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Soil Pests ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The seed-corn maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.), infests a wide range of hosts in all provinces of Canada and is also a pest in the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. H. liturata (Meig.) frequently occurs in smaller numbers along with H. cilicrura. H. liturata has not ,been recorded from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Brooks, 1951). Detailed accounts of the species have not been published by Canadian entomologists, though H. cilicrura has been known as a pest of cultivated crops in Canada for over 70 years. In southwestern Ontario the seed-corn maggot is one of the most serious soil pests of vegetables and field crops.

scholarly journals Patterns of genomic diversification reflect differences in life history and reproductive biology between figs (Ficus) and the stone oaks (Lithocarpus)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai-Shian Kua ◽  
Charles H. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genomic Divergence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Background History ◽  
Diverse Groups

One of the remarkable aspects of the tremendous biodiversity found in tropical forests is the wide range of evolutionary strategies that have produced this diversity, indicating many paths to diversification. We compare two diverse groups of trees with profoundly different biologies to discover whether these differences are reflected in their genomes. Ficus (Moraceae), with its complex co-evolutionary relationship with obligate pollinating wasps, produces copious tiny seeds that are widely dispersed. Lithocarpus (Fagaceae), with generalized insect pollination, produces large seeds that are poorly dispersed. We hypothesize that these different reproductive biologies and life history strategies should have a profound impact on the basic properties of genomic divergence within each genus. Using shallow whole genome sequencing for six species of Ficus, seven species of Lithocarpus, and three outgroups, we examined overall genomic diversity, how it is shared among the species within each genus, and the fraction of this shared diversity that agrees with the major phylogenetic pattern. A substantially larger fraction of the genome is shared among species of Lithocarpus, a considerable amount of this shared diversity was incongruent with the general background history of the genomes, and each fig species possessed a substantially larger fraction of unique diversity than Lithocarpus.

Attachment of the Coral Caryophyllia Smithii S. & B. to Tubes of the Polychaete Ditrupa Arietina (Müller) and other Substrates

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth History ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTIONLittle is known about the early growth history of solitary corals in relation to the substrates to which they are attached. An understanding of this relationship between coral and substrate, and of how it may change throughout the life of the coral, is particularly important in studies of the life history and ecology of solitary corals living in sand and other soft sediments. A knowledge of the variety of different substrates to which solitary corals are attached in the wide range of different environments in which they live is also of importance to the palaeontologist when attempting palaeoecological interpretation of transported coral debris.

“Girlie Man, Manly Girl, It’s all the Same to me”

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Drag King ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Queer Culture ◽  
Current Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
Do So

First published in 1983 in Womanews, and later widely syndicated, Alison Bechdel’s Dykes To Watch Out For (DTWOF) series not only created an unparalleled historical archive of queer culture, it also shaped both the lesbian comix and queer comics that came after it in remarkable ways. Through her use of a wide range of characters having pointed conversations about then-current events and politics, debating identity, desire, and shifting representation, or simply going out to dinner at Café Topaz, the local vegetarian restaurant, Bechdel catalogues a life history of these lesbians and their community—even as that community shifts in unanticipated ways, as our understanding of binary gender shifts and continues to do so today. For a strip that initially included no men, DWTOF ended up including a number of male characters in order to explore what “male” meant through drag king culture, non-binary characters, and characters who identify as transgender.

scholarly journals Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Everson ◽  
Levi N. Gray ◽  
Angela G. Jones ◽  
Nicolette M. Lawrence ◽  
Mary E. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Tiger Salamander ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lineage Divergence ◽  
Salamander Species

AbstractThe North American tiger salamander species complex, including its flagship species the axolotl, has long been a source of biological fascination. The complex exhibits a wide range of variation in developmental life history strategies, including populations and individuals that undergo metamorphosis and those able to forego metamorphosis and retain a larval, aquatic lifestyle (i.e., paedomorphosis). Such disparate life history strategies are assumed to cause populations to become reproductively isolated, but the degree to which they have actually shaped population- and species-level boundaries is poorly understood. Using a large multi-locus dataset from hundreds of samples across North America, we identified genetic clusters with clear signs of admixture across the geographic range of the tiger salamander complex. Population clusters often contain a mixture of paedomorphic and metamorphic taxa, and we conclude that geography has played a large role in driving lineage divergence relative to obligate paedomorphosis in this system. This conclusion is bolstered by model-based analyses demonstrating gene flow between metamorphic and paedomorphic populations. Even the axolotl, a paedomorphic species with an isolated native range, apparently has a history of gene flow with its neighboring populations. This fine-scale genetic perspective on life-history variation establishes a framework for understanding how plasticity, local adaptation, and gene flow contribute to lineage divergence. The axolotl is currently used as the vertebrate model system in regenerative biology, and our findings chart a course for more informed use of these and other tiger salamander species in experimental and field research, including conservation priorities.Significance StatementPopulation structure and speciation are shaped by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. In the tiger salamander complex, one factor that may influence diversification is life history: some taxa are obligately paedomorphic–a condition where adults maintain an aquatic, larval phenotype–while others are facultatively paedomorphic or entirely metamorphic. Using a large multi-locus dataset, we found evidence of gene flow and/or panmixia between obligately and facultatively paedomorphic taxa, suggesting that an obligately paedomorphic life history is not a strong driver of speciation in the tiger salamander complex. We also recovered a history of gene flow between the critically endangered axolotl and its neighboring populations, providing important information for its conservation and captive management.

Sm–Nd isochron from a granodiorite–granite complex in the Portman Lake region, Northwest Territories

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2724-2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross K. Stevenson ◽  
P. J. Patchett ◽  
R. F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Mantle Material ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Depleted Mantle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Granite Complex ◽  
Garnet Fractionation

Whole-rock samples for a granodiorite–granite intrusion in the Portman Lake area of the Northwest Territories yield an Sm–Nd isochron with an age of 2577 ± 36 Ma. The addition of a garnet analysis results in an age of 2562 ± 21 Ma. An Sm–Nd isochron is rare for granitic samples because of small ranges in 147Sm/144Nd values and variability in the initial Nd isotopic ratios. A wide range in 147Sm/144Nd values among samples in this study is considered a result of garnet fractionation and (or) variable concentrations of titanite in the samples. The εNd values for the initial Nd isotopic ratios of the isochrons are essentially zero or bulk Earth values. The evolution of the intrusion at 2.56 Ga reflects either the remelting of (2.7–2.8 Ga) preexisting continental crust or the mixing of depleted mantle material and crust older than 2.8 Ga. In either case, the data argue for a crustal history of at least 200 Ma prior to the intrusion of the complex in this section of the Churchill Province.

scholarly journals A Life History of the ‘Irish’ Ecotype Tied Stones and Loose Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
Marcas Mac Coinnigh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Urban Legends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Districts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fertile Area

Abstract The term ecotype was first introduced to the field of folkloristics by Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (1878–1952), who proposed the idea that folktales develop from base forms due to transformations triggered by specific environmental conditions before eventually stabilising within cultural districts. The general analogy was popular amongst folklorists who readily invoked the concept to deconstruct a wide range of genres including rhyming couplets, folk ballads, folktales, fairy-tales, personal narratives, legends and urban legends. It is unfortunate, however, that ecotypes have largely been ignored by scholars working in the fields of paremiology, especially when one considers not only the established inter-relationships between proverbial material and other folkoristic genres, but also the recent pioneering cross-cultural analyses of idiomatic expressions in European languages and beyond. This paper will provide a template for the analysis of folk expressions by examining the life history of an Irish ecotype, tied stones and loose dogs. It will show that folk expressions are a fertile area of research that can be deconstructed using literary and historical research based on the historic-geographic method. At the heart of this template, I argue, is the need to read texts within their contemporary cultural, historical and socio-economic frameworks to decode meanings according to instantiation, the motivations for their use, and the question of agency in folk groups. By collecting, examining and construing inter-relations between folkloristic texts across a range of cultural products – folklore collections, popular culture periodicals and political discourse – and by informed cultural contextualisation of its instantiations, we can re-construct the extensive cultural underpinnings that inform a range of everyday folk expressions.

scholarly journals Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1850) ◽  
pp. 20161406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Nesting Habits

Ants are important components of most terrestrial habitats, and a better knowledge of the diversity of their life histories is essential to understand many aspects of ecosystem functioning. The myrmicine genus Cardiocondyla shows a wide range of colony structures, reproductive behaviours, queen and male lifespans, and habitat use. Reconstructing the evolutionary pathways of individual and social phenotypic traits suggests that the ancestral life history of Cardiocondyla was characterized by the presence of multiple, short-lived queens in small-sized colonies and a male polyphenism with winged dispersers and wingless fighters, which engage in lethal combat over female sexuals within their natal nests. Single queening, queen polyphenism, the loss of winged males and tolerance among wingless males appear to be derived traits that evolved with changes in nesting habits, colony size and the spread from tropical to seasonal environments. The aim of this review is to bring together the information on life-history evolution in Cardiocondyla and to highlight the suitability of this genus for functional genomic studies of adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, senescence, invasiveness and other key life-history traits of ants.

scholarly journals Notes on Culicidae, with descriptions of new species

1917 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tree Holes

A. (Coelodiazesis) plumbeus, Hal.The life-history of this species has recently been fully described by Christophers (Ind. Jl. Med. Res., iii, Jan. 1916, p. 489) from larvae obtained in tree-holes in the neighbourhood of Simla. It is somewhat surprising that a species of Anopheles should have such a wide range, especially since tree-breeding mosquitos are usually more local in their distribution than other kinds. I believe, however, that Christophers was perfectly correct in his conclusion that A. barianensis, James, is the same species as A. plumbeus, Hal.

Life History of Dasystoma salicellum Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a New Pest of Blueberries in British Columbia

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raine
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
European Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
New Pest

AbstractDasystoma salicellum Hbn., a European species first found in North America in 1955, has become a serious pest of commercial highbush blueberries in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia.The species is univoltine, photopositive and has a wide range of hosts. It feeds most often on Salix, Spiraea and Vaccinium. The moths emerge from mid-March to early April and lay eggs in the leaf axils and under bud scales and loose bark. The eggs hatch in late May. The larvae have six instars. The first instars are often dispersed by the wind. Later instars tie new leaves together for shelter, feed on leaves and blossom buds and sometimes enter the early fruit. At harvest the larvae are almost mature and large numbers are dislodged into the crates by picking machines. In September they sometimes defoliate the bushes. In October they pupate within their leaf shelters and drop to the ground with the leaves to overwinter.Some pupae are destroyed by mould; others are parasitized by Itoplectis quadricingulata (Prov.) and Compsilura concinnata (Mg.). The larvae are parasitized by Macrocentrus iridescens French, and the adults by Tomosvaryella species.

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