Observations on a “Complex” of Insects in Tops of Black Spruce in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Wong ◽  
J. A. Drouin ◽  
B. B. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other

Stands of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., in Northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan were defoliated by insects from 1954 to 1955 (Prentice and Hildahl, 1955). The defoliation was sufficient to show reddening of the tops from the ground as well as from aircraft at an elevation of 1,000 feet. Collections showed clearly that the most abundant species was the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.); larvae could be found at all crown levels. Other species of insects were also common in the tops of trees with dense compact foliage such as often found in “club-tops” of black spruce. The reddening of foliage was not noticeable after the decline of the black-headed budworm populations in 1956, but the numbers of the other insects, which formed a “complex” of species, persisted at varying levels of abundance in the tops of black spruce.

Isolation of fungal endophytes from black spruce (Picea mariana) dormant buds and needles from New Brunswick, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johnson ◽  
N. J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Endophytic fungi were isolated from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dormant buds and needles of four age-classes. Only one isolate was obtained from 400 buds. A total of 914 isolates were obtained from the needles. With increasing needle age the rate of colonization increased between current-year and 3-year-old needles from 4 to 90%, respectively. The needle segment attached to the twig was colonized more often (p < 0.05) than other segments overall and for 6 of the 11 taxa isolated. The first endophyte from current-year needles was isolated on July 14, 1988, but endophytes were obtained from needles of the other age-classes (1, 2, and 3 years) on all sampling dates between June 10 and September 16, 1988. Key words: endophyte, Picea mariana, dormand buds, needles.

Habitat-dependent morphological and chemical variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
F. Bennett ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
T. Krickl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

To determine whether local site differences corresponded to any morphological or chemical differentiation in Picea mariana, 10 cone-bearing trees were sampled from each of three semiadjacent stands near the Matawin River, Thunder Bay District, Ont.: (i) an upland forest on well-drained alluvial soil, (ii) an abandoned pasture on heavy soil, and (iii) a wet sphagnum bog. Nine cone characters and eight needle and twig characters were scored and analyzed. Differences among sites were generally small. Principal-components analysis demonstrated two major, independent trends of variation, one attributable mainly to cone characters and the other to needle characters. Bog trees tended to be more variable than the others with respect to cone characters but had similar levels of variation for needle and twig characters. Further comparisons were made based on foliar flavonoids of the 30 trees and isozyme characteristics of an expanded sampling of 60 trees. Flavonoid analysis indicated that a fraction of the bog trees possessed flavonoid diglycosides not present in the other trees. Five polymorphic enzyme systems were detected in electrophoretic analysis. Trees from the three sites had similar isozyme patterns with the exception of three bands that were unique to the bog site trees. Thus, the bog trees were more variable for cone, flavonoid, and isozyme characters but exhibited no greater variability for needle and twig characters. However, none of the data gave an indication of discrete ecotypes of black spruce corresponding to upland and lowland sites.

scholarly journals Cultures multiples de plants d'épinette noire sous serre et ombrière

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Girouard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Summer Crop

Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedlings were studied to determine whether multiple crops that meet the Quebec's Department of Energy and Resources standards, can be produced in a greenhouse, heated no longer than necessary, and a shadehouse. Only two crops a year are possible at Sainte-Foy: one in winter and the other in summer. The winter crop can be sown in early February and the plants taken out of the greenhouse close to May 25 for acclimatization in a shadehouse. The summer crop can be sown on May 25 and the plants placed in a shadehouse no later than August 17. Key words: Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., multiple crops, greenhouse, shadehouse, Quebec tube.

SOME RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) TO BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MOENCH) VOSS

1957 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Food

Spruce budworm larvae feeding on black spruce had a lower rate of development and a higher rate of mortality than those feeding on white spruce or balsam fir. This was attributable to the lateness in opening of the black spruce buds rather than to the inferior nutritional quality of the foliage. When staminate flowers were present in abundance on black spruce trees, development and survival of the insect was fairly similar to that on the other two species of trees; the flowers provided adequate food at the time of the third and fourth instars thus permitting the larvae to survive until the opening of the shoot buds. The late opening of the black spruce buds explains the relative immunity of this species to severe spruce budworm damage.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

scholarly journals Checklist of lizards of the Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente ◽  
Fernanda Magalhães ◽  
Alessandro Menks ◽  
João Fabrício De Melo Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

We present the first lizard species list for the municipality of Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil. The list was drawn up as a result of data obtained from specimens deposited in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and from inventories conducted in 2008-2011. Sampling methods included pitfall traps with drift fences and time constrained searches. We considered the data collected by other researchers, incidental encounters and records of dead individuals on the road. We recorded 33 species, 26 genera and ten families. Norops tandai was the most abundant species. Compared with the other regions of Amazonia, the region of Juruti presented a large number of lizards. However, further studies with an increase in the sampling effort, could prove this area to be richer in lizards than that observed so far.

Clonal and nonclonal genetic structure of subarctic black spruce (Picea mariana) populations in Yukon territory

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Viktora ◽  
Rodney A. Savidge ◽  
Om P. Rajora
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Clone Size ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Individual Trees

Black spruce (Picea mariana) reproduces sexually from seeds and asexually by layering. There is a prevalent concept that clonal reproduction maintains populations of this species in the subarctic and arctic regions. We used microsatellite DNA markers of the nuclear genome to investigate the genetic structure of montane and subalpine black spruce populations from the Western Yukon Plateau in relation to this concept. Sixty individual trees at a minimum distance of 4 m from each other were sampled from each of four populations and individual trees were genotyped for eight microsatellite loci. Each of the 60 individuals from three montane pure black spruce populations growing on flat terrain at relatively low elevations had unique multilocus genotypes, indicating an absence of clonal structure in those populations. However, in an anthropologically undisturbed climax white spruce-dominated subalpine black spruce population on a northwest slope near Mount Nansen, the majority of the sampled individuals belonged to eight genetically distinct clones (genets). Clone size differed by altitude, the dominant genet being nearest the timberline–tundra ecotone. The results indicate that black spruce reproduction is variable and adaptive, being primarily sexual in flat-terrain montane populations previously subjected to fire disturbance, but mixed vegetative–sexual in the anthropogenically undisturbed subalpine population. This study is the first to employ molecular markers a priori to examine the mode of reproduction in natural black spruce populations.

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