Isolation of fungal endophytes from black spruce (Picea mariana) dormant buds and needles from New Brunswick, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johnson ◽  
N. J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Endophytic fungi were isolated from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dormant buds and needles of four age-classes. Only one isolate was obtained from 400 buds. A total of 914 isolates were obtained from the needles. With increasing needle age the rate of colonization increased between current-year and 3-year-old needles from 4 to 90%, respectively. The needle segment attached to the twig was colonized more often (p < 0.05) than other segments overall and for 6 of the 11 taxa isolated. The first endophyte from current-year needles was isolated on July 14, 1988, but endophytes were obtained from needles of the other age-classes (1, 2, and 3 years) on all sampling dates between June 10 and September 16, 1988. Key words: endophyte, Picea mariana, dormand buds, needles.

scholarly journals Cultures multiples de plants d'épinette noire sous serre et ombrière

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Girouard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Summer Crop

Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedlings were studied to determine whether multiple crops that meet the Quebec's Department of Energy and Resources standards, can be produced in a greenhouse, heated no longer than necessary, and a shadehouse. Only two crops a year are possible at Sainte-Foy: one in winter and the other in summer. The winter crop can be sown in early February and the plants taken out of the greenhouse close to May 25 for acclimatization in a shadehouse. The summer crop can be sown on May 25 and the plants placed in a shadehouse no later than August 17. Key words: Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., multiple crops, greenhouse, shadehouse, Quebec tube.

Cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity of endophytic fungi from black spruce (Picea mariana) needles

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johnson ◽  
N. J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Spruce Needles

Hyphae and hyphal extracts from fungi isolated from inside healthy black spruce needles were assayed for their effect on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) cell cultures and larvae. Isolates were from needles of four age-classes (current –3 years old) collected throughout a 4-month sampling period. Hyphal extracts from 21 of the 100 isolates tested were toxic to spruce budworm cell cultures and isolates from older needles (2 and 3 years old) negatively affected cells more frequently (p < 0.05) than isolates from younger needles (current and 1 year old). Hyphae from five isolates and hyphal extracts from seven increased mortality (p < 0.05) when fed to second instar larvae in a laboratory bioassay. Development was delayed and larval dry mass reduced when budworm were fed hyphae from Cryptocline abietina Petrak (isolate number 69). Larval dry mass was reduced when budworm were fed the extract from Aureobasidium pullulons (de Bary) Am. (isolate 87) but increased when fed Cryptocline abietina (isolates 40 and 80), a coelomycete (isolate 12), and Hormonema dematioides (isolates 28, 63, and 96).Key words: endophytic fungi, budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, Picea mariana, toxicity.

scholarly journals Harvesting peatland black spruce: Impacts on advance growth and site disturbance

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. MacDonell ◽  
Arthur Groot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Site Disturbance ◽  
Tree Harvesting

A project was established in the Lake Abitibi Model Forest to study the effects of several harvesting systems on advance growth protection and site disturbance. Tree-length and cut-to-length harvesting systems were compared to a full-tree system on peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) sites. The impacts of the various harvesting systems were compared by summarizing the structural and mensurational properties of the stands before and after harvest, by evaluating damage to residual trees, and by assessing site disturbance. The tree-length and full-tree systems, which were compared in winter harvesting, produced similar results. The cut-to-length system was compared to the full-tree system in both winter and summer harvesting, and protected substantially more advance growth, especially in the summer. Additionally, the cut-to-length system produced less damage to residual trees and lesser amounts of site disturbance. All harvesting systems resulted in or maintained residual stands with an uneven-size structure. Key words: black spruce, advanced regweneration, tree harvesting, systems

Individual height–diameter models for young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations in New Brunswick, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Lei ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Historically, height–diameter models have mainly been developed for mature trees; consequently, few height–diameter models have been calibrated for young forest stands. In order to develop equations predicting the height of trees with small diameters, 46 individual height–diameter models were fitted and tested in young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations between the ages of 4 to 8 years, measured from 182 plots in New Brunswick, Canada. The models were divided into 2 groups: a diameter group and a second group applying both diameter and additional stand- or tree-level variables (composite models). There was little difference in predicting tree height among the former models (Group I) while the latter models (Group II) generally provided better prediction. Based on goodness of fit (R2and MSE), prediction ability (the bias and its associated prediction and tolerance intervals in absolute and relative terms), and ease of application, 2 Group II models were recommended for predicting individual tree heights within young black spruce and jack pine forest stands. Mean stand height was required for application of these models. The resultant tolerance intervals indicated that most errors (95%) associated with height predictions would be within the following limits (a 95% confidence level): [-0.54 m, 0.54 m] or [-14.7%, 15.9%] for black spruce and [-0.77 m, 0.77 m] or [-17.1%, 18.6%] for jack pine. The recommended models are statistically reliable for growth and yield applications, regeneration assessment and management planning. Key words: composite model, linear model, model calibration, model validation, prediction interval, tolerance interval

Some Factors Influencing Cone Production on Young Black Spruce in New Brunswick

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Simpson ◽  
G. R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Pollen Cone

Ten young black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations in northern and central New Brunswick were examined to de termine the influence of aspect, slope, tree age and tree height on pollen-cone and seed-cone production. It was found that a greater proportion of trees growing on southerly aspects produced pollen cones and seed cones than trees growing on northerly aspects. Trees growing on southerly aspects bore 2.5 and 5 times more seed cones and pollen cones, respectively, than trees growing on northerly aspects. Cone production on south-sloping sites was approximately double that on level sites. The number of seed cones was most significantly correlated with tree height. The number of pollen cones was most significantly correlated with number of seed cones.

Habitat-dependent morphological and chemical variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
F. Bennett ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
T. Krickl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

To determine whether local site differences corresponded to any morphological or chemical differentiation in Picea mariana, 10 cone-bearing trees were sampled from each of three semiadjacent stands near the Matawin River, Thunder Bay District, Ont.: (i) an upland forest on well-drained alluvial soil, (ii) an abandoned pasture on heavy soil, and (iii) a wet sphagnum bog. Nine cone characters and eight needle and twig characters were scored and analyzed. Differences among sites were generally small. Principal-components analysis demonstrated two major, independent trends of variation, one attributable mainly to cone characters and the other to needle characters. Bog trees tended to be more variable than the others with respect to cone characters but had similar levels of variation for needle and twig characters. Further comparisons were made based on foliar flavonoids of the 30 trees and isozyme characteristics of an expanded sampling of 60 trees. Flavonoid analysis indicated that a fraction of the bog trees possessed flavonoid diglycosides not present in the other trees. Five polymorphic enzyme systems were detected in electrophoretic analysis. Trees from the three sites had similar isozyme patterns with the exception of three bands that were unique to the bog site trees. Thus, the bog trees were more variable for cone, flavonoid, and isozyme characters but exhibited no greater variability for needle and twig characters. However, none of the data gave an indication of discrete ecotypes of black spruce corresponding to upland and lowland sites.

NOTES ON THE GENUS NALEPELLA (ACARINA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF N. HALOURGA ON BLACK SPRUCE IN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valin G. Marshall ◽  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eriophyoid Mite ◽  
Host Associations

AbstractAn eriophyoid mite, Nalepella halourga Keifer, is newly recorded in Canada from two hosts: black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., from Ontario, and Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., from New Brunswick. For the first time this mite is reported as damaging black spruce under greenhouse conditions. A key to the eight described species of Nalepella and notes on their host associations and economic importance are included.

La loi d'Eichhorn et les tables de production pour l'épinette noire de l'est du Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
The Law

Baur and Eichhorn recognized mean height as the best site index, and many yield tables were established on the assumption of Eichhorn's empirical law. Nevertheless, many other yield tables invalidate the law. This paper examines the application of Eichhorn's empirical law on black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) yield tables data from Plonsky, Ker, and Vézina and Linteau. Key words: Yield tables.

SOME RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) TO BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MOENCH) VOSS

1957 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Food

Spruce budworm larvae feeding on black spruce had a lower rate of development and a higher rate of mortality than those feeding on white spruce or balsam fir. This was attributable to the lateness in opening of the black spruce buds rather than to the inferior nutritional quality of the foliage. When staminate flowers were present in abundance on black spruce trees, development and survival of the insect was fairly similar to that on the other two species of trees; the flowers provided adequate food at the time of the third and fourth instars thus permitting the larvae to survive until the opening of the shoot buds. The late opening of the black spruce buds explains the relative immunity of this species to severe spruce budworm damage.

The partitioning of 14C between growth and differentiation within stem-deformed and healthy black spruce seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Sandra Delaney ◽  
Louis-P. Vézina ◽  
Pierre Bellefleur
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Chase Period ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Stem Deformation ◽  
As If

When containerized black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana Mill.) are grown rapidly, their stems can become deformed, i.e., they bend over, grow horizontally, and obtain a permanent crook. To determine what physiological differences exist between these stem-deformed and healthy seedlings, we fed labeled amino acid,14C-phenylalanine, a precursor of lignin and phenolics as well as a constituent of proteins, to both kinds of seedlings and followed the partitioning of this 14C after a chase period of 24, 48, and 72 h. For one group of seedlings, intact plants incorporated the l4C-phenylalanine through their root systems, whereas for a second group of plants, root systems were excised and the 14C-phenylalanine was incorporated directly by stems. When the 14C was incorporated by roots, stem-deformed seedlings partitioned more l4C to protein and less to lignin and phenolics. However, when the 14C was incorporated directly by stems, the differences between stem-deformed and healthy seedlings nearly disappeared. Furthermore, the distribution of 14C following root incorporation in stem-deformed seedlings was the same as that for stem incorporation in both types of seedlings. Thus, stem-deformed black spruce seedlings behave as if their root systems are not performing their normal role in metabolizing phenylalanine into lignin precursors. The ratio of 14C allocated to phenolic-containing compounds associated with growth to 14C allocated to those compounds associated with the differentiation of existing plant structures was 3.7 times higher in stem-deformed seedlings than in healthy ones. These results demonstrate that roots can play an important role in controlling the partitioning of carbon between growth and differentiation. Key words: black spruce, differentiation, lignification, phenolics, stem deformation, secondary metabolism.

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