Factors That Affect Host Finding by Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae),

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Insect Parasites

Adults of most species of insect parasites spend much time finding objects that influence their individual and collective well-being. The object found at any time is usually correlated with the physiological state of the parasite and with extrinsic factors existing at that time. From the standpoint of the species' economy, the most important objects to be discovered are hosts on which fertile parasite progeny can mature. Whether hosts are found and parasitized is influenced, to varying degrees with different parasite species, by whether the female has already found, or been found by, a male of the same species, and by whether she has already located food other than that provided by hosts. The present study is of factors that affect host finding by females of a pteromalid, Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.).

An Effect of Host Age on Female Longevity and Fecundity in Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Biological Attributes

Preliminary tests showed that, though Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) can be propagated on housefly (Musca domestica (L.)) pupae at any stage of development, females parasitizing pupae less than 48 hours old, at 21.5°C., lived longer than those parasitizing older pupae. In view of the fact that the females always feed on the pupae after ovipositing on them, it seemed possible that the greater longevity of females parasitizing and feeding on young pupae had resulted from more suitable food provided by these pupae. As plans had heen made to investigate experimentally the host-finding capacity of this parasite species, it was essential that any effect of host age on this capacity, or on biological attributes of the parasite that influenced it, be standardized. Tests were therefore made to determine the effects, if any, of a host's age on the longevity and fecundity of female N. vitripennis laying and feeding on it.

scholarly journals Beacon in Information System as Way of Supporting Identification of Cattle Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Koszela ◽  
Wojciech Mueller ◽  
Jakub Otrząsek ◽  
Mateusz Łukomski ◽  
Sebastian Kujawa
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Conducting Research

The paper concentrates on researching the possibilities of using modern information technologies in animal production in order to monitor and identify behavior and well-being of cows. Having in mind the challenges related to managing dairy herds, and economic pressure put on breeders (as well as the broadly defined well-being of animals), an endeavor was made to create a new method, which would be competitive in comparison with the existing solutions. The proposed method of collecting data and data processing with beacon devices as well as data warehouse, allows—according to the authors—a more complete identification of behaviors and physiological condition of a dairy herd. It is also worth pointing out that this method is competitive in terms of price. By virtue of the multitude of data that were collected, a decision was made to resign from processing data on a local computer and use a cloud compute engine instead. The presented information system creates a sequence of components, which were subject to verification both on the level of creating and conducting research. Research results that were received were then compared with knowledge presented in the literature. A vital element of validation of the aforementioned methodology was comparing results that were achieved in the course of research work with the system making use of pedometer. The aim of the authors was to develop a new information technology solution, as well as a method based on beacons, which are rather universal devices, with the use of data warehouses, allowing the identification of behavior and physiological state of milk cattle, the method which would be competitive in comparison with the existing solutions, especially in terms of price. In the proposed solution, both information coming from microcomputers and weather forecast data coming from weather forecast stations, which make the above identification easy, were used as data sources.

Is it worthwhile?: Motivational Factors and Perceived Difficulties of Foster Caring in South Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Delfabbro ◽  
John Taplin ◽  
Yvonne Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Foster Care System ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Children’S Behaviour

Despite numerous anecdotal reports, very few Australian data are available concerning the characteristics of foster carers and the problems associated with foster caring. In this study by Paul Delfabbro, John Taplin and Yvonne Bentham, 48 South Australian foster carers were interviewed and asked to provide details of their motivations, family structure and concerns. The results showed that intrinsic factors such as being interested in children's well-being and future appear to be more likely reasons for caring than more extrinsic factors such as needing money or companionship. The carers' main concerns related to their frustration with the foster care system, in particular their inability to have a say in the child's future, and the lack of support from agencies and social workers. Many also expressed significant concerns about children's behaviour and the sadness associated with the child leaving. The implications of these findings for the retention of foster carers are discussed.

Operational definitions of successful aging: a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D. Cosco ◽  
A. Matthew Prina ◽  
Jaime Perales ◽  
Blossom C. M. Stephan ◽  
Carol Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTBackground:Half a century after the inception of the term “successful aging (SA),” a consensus definition has not emerged. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of operational definitions of SA.Methods:A systematic review across MedLine, PsycInfo, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge of quantitative operational definitions of SA was conducted.Results:Of the 105 operational definitions, across 84 included studies using unique models, 92.4% (97) included physiological constructs (e.g. physical functioning), 49.5% (52) engagement constructs (e.g. involvement in voluntary work), 48.6% (51) well-being constructs (e.g. life satisfaction), 25.7% (27) personal resources (e.g. resilience), and 5.7% (6) extrinsic factors (e.g. finances). Thirty-four definitions consisted of a single construct, 28 of two constructs, 27 of three constructs, 13 of four constructs, and two of five constructs. The operational definitions utilized in the included studies identify between <1% and >90% of study participants as successfully aging.Conclusions:The heterogeneity of these results strongly suggests the multidimensionality of SA and the difficulty in categorizing usual versus successful aging. Although the majority of operationalizations reveal a biomedical focus, studies increasingly use psychosocial and lay components. Lack of consistency in the definition of SA is a fundamental weakness of SA research.

scholarly journals Functional State of Workers Data Analysis in the Labor Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Sergey Andreevich Faustov ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Salkutsan ◽  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Instrumental Assessment ◽  
Working People ◽  
The One

It is shown that the state of working people, determined using the WAM technique, (well-being, activity, mood) has statistically significant correlation with the results of instrumental measurements in terms of changes in the physiological state of the same workers. It is proposed to use the WAM test as an independent method for determining the functional state of workers. The purpose of this work was to determine the ratio of the functional state of workers according to the instrumental assessment, on the one hand, and self-assessment of their state, on the other.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Loyalty of Public Bank Employees of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Professor Dr. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Labib Hasnath ◽  
Samin Sakib ◽  
Md. Mostafa Asef Rafi ◽  
Nowshin Nower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Public Banks

The Banking sector is the most stable sector compared to other industrial units of Bangladesh. Presently, there are fifty-nine scheduled banks, including nine public banks in Bangladesh. A large number of people as employees are being connected with these banks. Their loyalty towards their jobs, along with other factors has an impact on the bank’s overall performance in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the factors affecting the loyalty of public bank employees in Bangladesh. The Literature review found that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacts the fidelity of Public Bank employees in Bangladesh. Some innate factors like level of satisfaction, verbal performance appraisal, organizational reputation plays a major impact on the loyalty of the employees. Moreover, some extrinsic factors like compensation, training, career development, working environment impacts directly on the fealty of the employees. These factors are independent variables. Moreover, organizational well-being, financial performance are dependent variables. This study has been based on a survey of 200 employees of five leading public banks of Bangladesh.

Intestinal helminth communities of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) in the Italian Alps

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cerbo ◽  
Maria Manfredi ◽  
Karin Trevisiol ◽  
Marco Bregoli ◽  
Nicola Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Helminth Communities

AbstractThe study analyses the intestinal helminth communities found in 645 red foxes of alpine populations from five areas of Northern Italy. In particular, the aim was to evaluate the contribution of both environmental variability and the structure of fox population (extrinsic and intrinsic factors, respectively) in shaping the structure and composition of the intestinal helminth communities. To identify the influence of the characteristics of the host (i.e. age and sex) together with extrinsic factors (year, site, season, and altitude of collection) on number of species, total load per fox, prevalence and abundance of each parasite species, general linear models were performed. Fifteen helminth species have been detected in the intestine of 545 infected animals (84.5%) with a total of 17,144 parasites collected. The analysis of factors influencing both prevalence and abundance of infection of the parasite species revealed the preponderance of extrinsic factors on intrinsic ones. In particular, geographical areas influenced prevalence and abundance of every parasite species, showing high spatial variability. The lower influence of host factors may suggest that, in this case, host dynamics play a trivial role with respect to spatial variability in determining parasite abundance. These results pointed out high prevalence of intestinal helminth infections in the Italian Alpine fox, confirmed the typical composition of parasite fauna within fox populations, underlined local differences in the structure and composition of the helminth communities. Moreover, this study highlights the major role of extrinsic factors vs intrinsic ones.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lifestyle on Skin Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Yasmin Adzra Nabila ◽  
Damayanti Damayanti ◽  
Samsriyaningsih Handayani ◽  
Trisniartami Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Skin Function ◽  
And Control

Background: Skin aging is a natural process, and it has many causes. Skin aging can be a result of a process of deterioration of the skin structure and a decrease in normal skin function. As much as 97% of skin aging factors is extrinsic, while the remaining 3% of the factors is intrinsic. Extrinsic factors are closely related to lifestyle; therefore it is necessary to further investigate the effects of lifestyle on skin aging. Skin aging may not have a direct correlation to mortality but the process of aging itself can lead to depression, demoralization, and shame at the extreme to the point of accepting the changes that occur with age. This shows that aging plays an important role in decreasing the quality of human life and youth well-being index, especially in women. Purpose: To determine the effects of lifestyle on skin aging. Methods: This was a case-control study. A case means a person with heavy aging, and control means an individual with mild aging. The data were obtained from medical records and anamneses. Data on lifestyle were collected through interviews with open-ended questions. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were shortlisted, and their skins were examined as per the Glogau scale. Result: Multivariate test results showed significant results on the variable UV light exposure (p = 0.017), use of sunscreen (p = 0.002), use of anti-aging cream (p = 0.036), and Vitamin D (p = 0.040) against skin aging. Meanwhile, other variables showed no significant results. Conclusion: Lifestyle has an important role in the occurrence of skin aging. However, an in-depth research is needed to determine how many external factors affect skin aging.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS WORKING WITH PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Remigijus Bubnys ◽  
Eglė Milašiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

The main precondition for good care of people with disabilities is not only social workers’ knowledge of pedagogical, psychological or social work but also their own personal qualities, values, attitudes, empathy and psychological resilience in difficult situations. Professional motivation encompasses employees’ motives and needs guiding them to purposefully certain personal and organisational goals. Motivation is the basis and the cause of the professional activity, which is related to the satisfaction of the employee's needs and which may be conditioned by the employee's experience. Problems of the research: What are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of social worker’s motivation to work? The aim is to analyse the motivation factors of professional activities of social workers working with people with disabilities. Research methods: 1) A semi-structured interview for data collection; 2) A qualitative content analysis based on the content of the analysed text. Sample. The survey involved 12 social workers from Lithuania who work with with people having disabilities. The results disclose intrinsic and extrinsic factors of social workers’ professional motivation in Lithuania. Extrinsic factors that stimulate social workers are not the main source of motivation for work. Social workers point out that the main factors driving employees to work are the pay, working conditions and work environment, well-being in the work environment, positive feedback from the manager, co-workers’ support and trust, client appreciation, manager praise. Intrinsic factors promoting social workers' professional activities are self-realization, opportunities for improvement, clients’ well-being, training in supervision, qualification improvement. 

Individual differences in Macaques' responses to stressors based on social and physiological factors: implications for primate welfare and research outcomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Boccia ◽  
Mark L. Laudenslager ◽  
Martin L. Reite
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Distinct Individual ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Primates are used extensively in a variety of research settings. Federal regulations in the US mandate that caretakers provide for the 'psychological well-being of laboratory primates'. One of the difficulties in implementing this law has been both in the definition of psychological well-being and in the need to deal with each primate species and, in some cases, age or sex class, uniquely. Non-human primates exhibit distinct individual differences in their behavioural and physiological responses to experimental challenges and caretaking procedures. We have been investigating what factors can predict some of these individual differences, and have found that factors both intrinsic and extrinsic are significant. Extrinsic factors found to predict individual differences in response to stressors include the nature and prior experience with the challenge, the presence of familiar peers and availability of social support. Intrinsic factors include cognitive interpretations of the challenge and temperamental differences in reactivity. These studies highlight the importance of understanding the context and individual psychology of macaques in order to provide laboratory environments conducive to their welfare, and in order to understand the impact experimental and caretaking procedures are likely to have on the health and welfare of our subjects.

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