Laboratory Studies on the Food of Some Coccinellids (Coleoptera) Found in Ontario Peach Orchards

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Stethorus Punctillum

Food habits and occurrence of the commoner species of coccinellids in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, are being investigated in connection with a study of the effects of pesticides on biological control agencies. Results of a study of Stethorus punctillum Weise have already been published (Putman, 1955). The present account deals with laboratory tests of feeding, mostly during June and July from 1952 to 1955, with prey of special economic importance in peach orchards.

Life History and Sex Determination in the Diaspine Scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targ.) (Coccoidea)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick D. Bennett ◽  
Spencer W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona

The increasing body of knowledge about the armored scales is beginning to reveal manv unique aspects in the life cycles of these highly specialized insects. Such information is not only of value to the entomologist and those concerned with the control of scales but is also becoming important in such diverse fields as genetics, ecology, cytology, and physiology; armored scales may well find an expanding place in the laboratory as subjects for researches in a variety of fields. Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targ.) has one of the most unusual, yet to date one of the best understood life cycles of the armored scales. Various aspects of its biology have been described by Berlese (1910), Smit (1953), Dustan (1953), and Monti (1955). Accounts of its natural enemies or biological control programs have been given by Berlese (1910) for Italy, by Ogilvie (1928) and Simmonds (1955) for Bermuda, by Bennett (1956) for Trinidad, and Clausen (1956) for Florida. P. pentagona is a pest of economic importance on a wide variety of hosts throughout an extekive geographic distribution (Anon., 1956), and has been cultured extensively in the biological control laboratory for the mass-rearing of scale parasites and predators. Recent investirzations of the sex determining mechanik and chromosome behaviour (Brown and Bennett, 1957) have arain shown unusual processes and relationships, some of which appear to occur in many other species of armored scales. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the life cycle of P. pentagona as it is known from field and laboratory studies and from cytological and genetic investigations.

A revision of the Indo-Australian species of Stenobracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids of lepidopterous stem borers of graminaceous crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamil ◽  
K. Chishti ◽  
Donald L.J. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractThe genus Stenobracon Szépligeti which contains species of economic importance for biological control of lepidopterous borers of sugarcane, rice and other graminaceous crops in Asia, is revised. Principal components analysis was employed to help delineate species. Six species, distributed from Pakistan to Australia, are recognized. Stenobracon brevis, S. clarus and S. malensis are described as new and Stenobracon nicevillei (Bingham), S. deesae (Cameron) and S. oculatus Szépligeti are redescribed. Illustrated keys for males and females are provided. Phanaulax levituberculatus Cameron is a new junior subjective synonym of S. nicevillei and S. trifasciatus Szépligeti is a new junior subjective synonym of S. oculatus. Elphea flavomaculata Cameron is synonymized with Ischnobracon (Bracon) laboriosus Cameron (comb. n). Host records are summarized.

DIFFERENTIAL ENCAPSULATION OF TWO BATHYPLECTES PARASITOIDS AMONG ALFALFA WEEVIL STRAINS, HYPERA POSTICA (GYLLENHAL)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Maund ◽  
T.H. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Biological Differences

AbstractEncapsulation of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) and B. anurus (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was investigated by dissecting parasitized larvae of three strains of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In laboratory studies, there was no encapsulation of B. curculionis in the western strain of the weevil, a significant level of encapsulation in the eastern strain of the weevil, and nearly complete encapsulation in the Egyptian strain of the weevil. The rickettsia, Wolbachia postica Hsiao and Hsiao, found only in the western strain, was not involved in encapsulation. Variation in encapsulation was due to biological differences between weevil strains. Encapsulation rates among field populations of the western and Egyptian weevils were lower than in the laboratory. Encapsulation rates of weevil populations from zones in which western and Egyptian strains overlap in southern Utah, and between eastern and western strains in Colorado, were intermediate to rates of parental strains. These results imply that B. curculionis effectiveness against the western alfalfa weevil will decline with mixing of weevil strains. Bathyplectes anurus did not evoke encapsulation and was able to develop equally well in all three weevil strains. Our findings illustrate the importance of investigating the compatibility between alfalfa weevil strains and their parasitoids in devising a sound biological control strategy.

Results of the experimental bits bench test, equipped with the compound built-up layers

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V.N. Gadalov ◽  
V. M. Brodsky ◽  
E.A. Filatov ◽  
A.V. Filonovic
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Induction Method ◽  
Gas Flame ◽  
Flame Method ◽  
Drilling Bit ◽  
Pilot Tests

The article shows the results of performance laboratory studies of compound built-up layers, as well as benches of the pilot tests of the drilling bit rolling cutters, equipped on the bit gage surface of the compound built-up layer; the hardening layers were located along the gage teeth contour. The cast tungsten carbide building-up welding on experimental bits was carried out using a gas-flame method. The induction method of building-up welding was implemented on the rolling cutters of the serial bits. The article shows the results of comparative indicators of serial and experimental bits when their processing on the bench. It was found that experimental bits were more efficient than the serial ones. The estimation of the performance laboratory tests results was confirmed by tests on the bench under pilot conditions of the rolling cutter bits drilling, equipped on the bit gage surface by the compound built-up layer.

scholarly journals Laboratory studies of homing orientation in the eastern red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens

1987 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Magnetic Orientation ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Navigational System ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Magnetic North ◽  
Migratory Period ◽  
East West

The orientation behaviour of adult male eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) was studied in laboratory tests. Newts were collected from ponds located 10–30 km from the laboratory, and housed in water-filled, all-glass aquaria located in a greenhouse or outdoors adjacent to the laboratory building. The aquaria were aligned on the magnetic north-south axis. Newts were tested in a dry, enclosed arena in four magnetic fields: the ambient magnetic field (magnetic north at North) and three altered fields (magnetic north rotated to East, West or South). Newts tested during January-March exhibited weak bimodal magnetic orientation along the axis of the holding tank. However, during the spring migratory period (April until early May), the bimodal response shifted to coincide with the direction of the pond from which the newts had been collected. Much stronger unimodal orientation was elicited by elevating the water temperature to 33–34 degrees C immediately prior to testing. If newts were held in a training tank with an artificial shoreline at one end and exposed to elevation of water temperature after several days of stable water temperatures, they exhibited unimodal shoreward orientation and did not show the seasonal switch to homing behaviour observed in the earlier tests. If, however, the elevation of water temperature followed a period of fluctuating water temperature (over a 20 degrees C range), the newts exhibited strong unimodal orientation in the direction of the pond from which they had been collected. These results suggest that newts possess a navigational system that enables them to home from distances in excess of 20 km. Moreover, these experiments provide the first opportunity to examine the sensory basis of navigational ability in any animal under controlled laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the Campoplex difformis group (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae), with particular reference to species of economic importance

2021 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Di Giovanni ◽  
Pier Luigi Scaramozzino ◽  
Augusto Loni ◽  
Andrea Lucchi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Closely Related Species

Despite their importance as potential biological control agents, species of the campoplegine genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 are hard to identify. Previous works provided short descriptions or poor illustrations of crucial characters, meaning it is often impossible to distinguish closely related species. We provide illustrations to identify species of the Campoplex difformis group and redescriptions of and illustrations for C. difformis (Gmelin, 1790), C. capitator Aubert, 1960, C. dubitator Horstmann, 1985, C. formosanae Horstmann, 2012, and C. unicingulatus (Schmiedeknecht, 1909). In addition, the taxonomic status of C. difformis is clarified; a lectotype is designated for C. capitator in Aubert’s collection in Lausanne and the host record for this species on Ancylis mitterbacheriana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) is queried; Campoplex corsicator Aubert, 1960 stat. nov. is removed from synonymy with Campoplex tibialis (Szépligeti, 1916) and redescribed.

LABORATORY TESTS OF DISINFECTANT «MONOCHLORIDE (IODINE CHLORIDE) 2%»

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
N. I. Popov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Suvorov ◽  
S. M. Lobanov ◽  
S. A. Michko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Iodine Chloride ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Test Cultures

The article describes the results of laboratory tests of the effectiveness of the disinfectant Monochloride (Iodine chloride) 2%. Laboratory studies were carried out on test objects and test surfaces contaminated with test cultures of microorganisms, which included museum cultures of E. coli (E. coli 1257), S. aureus 209-P, mycobacteria (pcs. B5), and spores (B. cereus pieces. 96). Disinfection of test objects was carried out by the method of irrigation at a consumption rate of 0,25...0,3 l/ m2 with disinfection of smooth surfaces and 0,5 l/m2, with disinfection of rough surfaces. The treatment was performed twice with an interval of 60 minutes. Our work established that the Monochloride (Iodine chloride) 2% has a high disinfectant activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mycobacteria and spores. On the basis of the laboratory work, this tool can be recommended for production tests at veterinary surveillance facilities.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A Review of the Use of Parasitoids and Predators

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Flávio R. M. Garcia ◽  
Sérgio M. Ovruski ◽  
Lorena Suárez ◽  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Oscar E. Liburd
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Biological control has been the most commonly researched control tactic within fruit fly management programs. For the first time, a review is carried out covering parasitoids and predators of fruit flies (Tephritidae) from the Americas and Hawaii, presenting the main biological control programs in this region. In this work, 31 species of fruit flies of economic importance are considered in the genera Anastrepha (11), Rhagoletis (14), Bactrocera (4), Ceratitis (1), and Zeugodacus (1). In this study, a total of 79 parasitoid species of fruit flies of economic importance are listed and, from these, 50 are native and 29 are introduced. A total of 56 species of fruit fly predators occur in the Americas and Hawaii.

Evaluation of Hydrogen Cracking Susceptibility in X120 Girth Welds

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Macia ◽  
D. P. Fairchild ◽  
J. Y. Koo ◽  
N. V. Bangaru
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking ◽  
Girth Welding ◽  
Groove Test ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
The Cost

To reduce the cost of long distance gas transmission, high strength pipeline steels are being developed. Implementation of high strength pipeline materials requires the avoidance of hydrogen cracking during field girth welding. A study of hydrogen cracking in X120 girth welds has been conducted. Cracking resistance of both the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) were investigated. The laboratory tests included the controlled thermal severity (CTS) test, the WIC test and the Y-groove test. In addition, multi-pass plate welds and full pipe welds were completed and examined for the presence of hydrogen cracks. The suitability of each test method for predicting cracking in X120 girth welds is determined. The morphology of hydrogen cracks in X120 girth welds is described, and the conditions necessary to prevent hydrogen cracking are identified. Following the laboratory studies, construction of X120 pipelines without cracking was demonstrated through a 1.6 km field trial.

Biological control of Eutypa armeniacae. 4. Design and performance of an applicator for metered delivery of protective aerosols during pruning

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Carter ◽  
LF Mullett
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Biological Matter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Aerosol Form ◽  
Three Components

The paper describes the development of a prototype applicator for delivery of protective mixtures, in aerosol form, to the wounded sapwood surfaces exposed during pruning. The equipment has three components : a 2 litre day-service tank, a light weight belt-mounted piston pump, and a modification of a standard pneumatic-powered pruning handgun. Laboratory tests of the applicator have proved its ability to deliver, repeatedly, a uniform dose of aerosol containing sufficient particulate chemical and/or biological matter to protect apricot sapwood from invasion by Eutypa armeniacae. Field tests of the equipment in two orchards demonstrated that from 90-100 per cent of wounds can be treated for the addition of less than 20 per cent to the time required to prune a tree. Over a period of three weeks' use no mechanical defects developed. Estimated volume of protective fluid required per day, treating up to 90 per cent of wounds, is less than two litres.

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