Releases in North America and Reviews of Bionomics in Europe of Insect Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith ◽  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Adelges Piceae

The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), causes serious damage to balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., in Eastern Canada. It was introduced from Europe before 1900 (Balch, 1952) and has also become established in the northeastern United States. In continental Europe A. piceae is common on Abies alba Mill. but is not so serious a pest as in Canada. It has an extensive complex of insect predators in both Canada (Balch, 1934) and Europe (Delucchi, 1954). Balch (1934, 1952) found those in Canada inadequate as control agents. Some of the predators of Pineus pini Koch and Pineus strobi (Htg.) studied by Wilson (1938) in England, and recommended for introduction to new areas, were imported to Canada and released against A. piceae. Predators were first introdnced from Ensland in 1933 and later from continental Europe beginning in 1951.

BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE), SEASONAL AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CROWNS OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Aphid Development

AbstractThe balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), in Newfoundland is dimorphic and has three generations a year in the crowns of balsam fir trees. Two generations of the sistens, or diapausing form, predominate. Progredientes are more common than elsewhere in North America and occur on nearly all parts of a branch. They do not mature on current needles. The ratio of progredientes to sistentes is about 1:40 in balsam fir flowering years and 1:80 in non-flowering years. Aphid development in the spring is earliest at flowered internodes, 11 to 14 days later at 2-year-old nodes, a further 4 to 8 days later at older nodes, and latest at the shoot tips. Intra-crown and inter-tree differences in aphid development are small but measurable. Stratification of the tree crown is required for sampling during the first aphid generation.

Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) on Apple in Eastern North America with Notes on Other Species Occurring on Rosaceae

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA spotted tentiform leaf miner, often present during recent years in large numbers in apple orchards in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, is identified as Lithocolletis blancardella Fabr., a species common on apples in Europe. Recent collecting indicates that the species occurs widely in Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Diagnostic characters, especially those of the male genitalia, are compared with those of specimens identified as L. crataegella Clem. and L. propinquinella Braun, two similar species which commonly occur on apple and black cherry respectively.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): IV. Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), an Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Early in the present century the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), was introduced accidentally into North America. The history of its development and spread in the United States and Canada has been described by Balch (1952). At the present time, the adelgid occurs in eastern Canada over approximately the southern half of New Brunswick with an extension of the range in the extreme northeastern part of the Province, throughout Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and in some areas of the southwestern and southeastern parts of Newfoundland.

DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SURVIVAL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE), ON BRANCHES OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

AbstractOver 95% of feeding balsam woolly aphids occur in crevices on balsam fir branches and the highest density occurs within the 3-year tip of branches. The crevices occur under the bud scales at nodes, the base of each season’s growth, and among staminate flower buds or among and within flower bracts. The abundance and survival of aphids as well as mortality factors vary with the location of the nodes in a branch, the type of branch, and aphid generation. The significant differences show that there are 9 to 13 strata within the 3-year tip of a branch. For ecological studies and measuring population levels, the cluster of aphids within a defined crevice, for example under the bud scale at the base of a cluster of shoots, can be selected as a sample unit.

COLEOPHORA DEAURATELLA LIENIG AND ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPHORIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: AN INTRODUCED, NEWLY DETECTED EUROPEAN MOTH INJURIOUS TO RED CLOVER SEEDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

AbstractColeophora deauratella Lienig and Zeller is reported for the first time in North America. This casebearer species was introduced accidentally from Europe almost 30 years ago but remained unrecognized. It currently is known from eastern Canada and northeastern United States. Larvae feed on seeds of red clover, Trifolium pratense L. Diagnostic characters of the larval case and the adult, as well as features separating C. deauratella from two similar casebearer species, are presented.

scholarly journals Biology, Ecology, and Management of Eastern Grape Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a Key Pest of Vineyards in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Jarrell ◽  
Eric J Rebek ◽  
Astri C Wayadande ◽  
Kristopher L Giles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Grape Leafhopper

Abstract Eastern grape leafhopper, Erythroneura comes (Say), is a key pest of grapes (Vitales: Vitaceae) in the central and northeastern United States and eastern Canada. This native insect uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to puncture the mesophyll cells of leaves and suck out the contents, thereby reducing the quality and quantity of fruit. Eastern grape leafhopper has been reported as a vineyard pest for nearly 200 yr and is one of several Erythroneura spp. that feed on grapes in North America. Overwintered adults become active in early spring and may feed on grasses, weeds, and other plants before feeding on grapevines. Although eastern grape leafhopper has an extensive host range, it is only known to oviposit on wild and cultivated grapes. This multivoltine species can outbreak periodically, which has generated much research into improved monitoring and integrated pest management strategies employed throughout its native range. In this review, we describe the biology, life history, population dynamics, and phenology of eastern grape leafhopper and provide a historical account of monitoring and management strategies for this important vineyard pest.

SAMPLING POPULATIONS OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1113-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Complex Distribution

AbstractThe balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae, has a complex distribution in the crown of trees; The sample universe and sample units are defined, and methods of detecting, monitoring, and measuring population levels at stated levels of confidence, accuracy, and assurance are described. Suggestions are given for sampling aphids on the stems of trees.

scholarly journals Cone production of balsam fir damaged by balsam woolly aphid

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh O. Schooley
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

The effect of balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), damage on cone production by balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., was studied on 49 trees classified into six aphid damage classes. Results showed that there was no appreciable effect until damage exceeded the moderate level. Cone production on trees damaged beyond this level was seriously reduced but, since advanced damage is not reached by all trees simultaneously, it was concluded that adequate seed should be available for stand replacement.

Effect of Balsam Woolly Aphid on Cone and Seed Production by Balsam Fir

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh O. Schooley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

The size of cones and the quantity and quality of seed produced by balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, in five balsam woolly aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.), damage classes were compared. No cone or seed abnormalities that could be attributed to aphid infestation or the amount of aphid damage to the trees were detected. Also, the severity of aphid damage had no influence on the incidence of damage to cones and seed caused by cone insects. No balsam woolly aphids were found on cones.

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST INSTAR NYMPHS OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON BRANCHES OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA, AFTER COLONIZATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Population Unit ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

AbstractBalsam woolly aphid nymphs, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), settle primarily in the apical 3-year growth of a branch. This portion of a branch is a natural population unit that can be designated a sample universe for detailed studies of aphid survival and mortality.

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