Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: III. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, Laspeyresia toreuta Groté (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), Rubsaamenia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and Other Insects

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Seasonal History

This paper describes the seasonal history and habits of the less important red pine cone insects, and presents notes on the predators, scavengers, and other insects that commonly inhabit infested cones. During 1950-1954, Eucosma monitorana Hein., Laspeyresia toreuta Groté, and Rubsaamenia sp. were rarely as abundant as the cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopk., (10) or Dioryctria spp. (11), although they contributed significantly to seed loss. Owing to the scarcity of these insects, some of the life history details remain incomplete.

Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: IV. Recognition and Extent of Damage to Cones

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Cone Damage

The broad study of factors responsible for poor seed production by red pines (Pinus resinosae Ait.) in central and southern Ontario has been concerned with the seed production capacity and efficiency of sound cones (1) and the description, life history, behaviour, and natural control of cone-inhabiting insects (2, 3, 4). The present contribution, which concludes the four-part series on red pine cone insects, deals with the time and duration of cone attack by the various insect species and the variability in the intensity of cone damage from year to year and from one locality to another. As an aid to the field diagnosis of the cause of cone damage, keys based on the appearance of mature larvae and injured cones are included.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONE CROP SIZE AND CONE DAMAGE BY INSECTS IN RED PINE SEED-PRODUCTION AREAS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cone Damage

AbstractAnnual cone abundance and insect damage to cones are highly variable in red pine seed-production areas. Cone crop size fluctuates almost unpredictably from year to year, but the number of insect-attacked cones tends to increase annually unless limited by cone abundance. Sixty-six per cent of the variation in cone damage can be associated with variations in cone abundance. This information, coupled with the fact that red pine cone insects are almost entirely dependent on red pine cones for food, implies that crop size is highly important in regulating populations of cone insects. Insects will be most devastating in areas where crop size varies little from year to year.

Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: II. Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich, D. abietella (D. and S.), and D. cambiicola (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Seasonal History

This paper describes the seasonal history and habits of three borers of the genus Dioryctria that destroy red pine cones in Ontario. These insects, as a group, generally rank second in importance as cone destroyers to the cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopk., which was the subject of the first paper in this series (11), and are presented together because of their family relationship and the similarity of their habits.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONOPHTHORUS SHOOT-INFESTING BEETLES AND CONOPHTHORUS RESINOSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): I. COMPARATIVE LIFE HISTORY STUDIES IN MICHIGAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McPherson ◽  
L. F. Wilson ◽  
F. W. Stehr
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
History Of

AbstractLife histories of Conophthorus beetles attacking the shoot tips of jack, red, Scotch, and ponderosa pines were studied and compared with the life history of the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins. The tip-infesting beetles have not been morphologically separated from C. resinosae. The beetles attacking the shoots of jack, red, Scotch, and ponderosa pines have similar life histories which differ from that of C. resinosae. The latter is distinctly univoltine, while the tip-infesting beetles appear to be bivoltine. Also, dates of appearance and seasonal development differ.

THE SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF RED PINE CONES (PINUS RESINOSA AIT.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

The seed capacity of red pine cones varies from about 30 to over 110, depending on the size of the cone and its position in the tree crown, and is determined by the number of ovules that are structurally complete at the time of pollination. These ovules occur in a central "productive" region and constitute less than one-half of the total. The remaining ovules, most: of which are in the proximal part of the cone, never become structurally perfect, and do not contribute to seed production. Abortion of ovules in the productive region usually reduces seed production efficiency to 50–60%, and is accompanied mainly by withering of the nucellus in the first year and failure to produce archegonia early in the second year. The extent of ovule abortion during the first year varies indirectly with cone size, seed capacity, and height in tree.

scholarly journals Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽  
Jonathon LeBlanc ◽  
Lisheng Kong ◽  
Terrie Finston ◽  
Emily M. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Host Tissues

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) is an important lumber species in Canada, and seed orchards are expected to meet the increased demand for seed. However, seed production has been consistently low in the Okanagan region orchards of British Columbia, Canada. To determine whether the fungal microbiome contributes to seed loss, histological and molecular approaches were used. Seed production was studied at seven Okanagan orchards, all outside the natural range of lodgepole pine, and at one near Prince George, within its natural range. Seed losses were highest in the Okanagan, compared with Prince George. The role of fungal colonizers in consuming seed during the last stages of maturation is described. Fungal hyphae were frequently observed at all locations in developing seed, particularly once storage substances accumulated. Fungi identified from host tissues using molecular and morphological techniques included Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Sydowia. The opportunistic foliar pathogen Sydowia polyspora, which is known to have a variable biotrophic status, was detected at most orchards within different host tissues (seeds, needles, and conelets), in association with pollen, and in the air column. Reduced seed viability observed in Okanagan orchards is most likely due to a combination of factors, including composition of the fungal microbiome.

scholarly journals Codling-moth Investigations of the State Entomologist's Office

1922 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 219-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonal History

To secure accurate data in regard to the life history and the seasonal history of the codling-moth in Illinois, and the relation of climatic conditions to the rate of development and the time of appearance of the various stages of the insect, an investigation was begun in the spring of 1915 under the direction of Doctor S. A. Forbes, then State Entomologist.

A New Species of Thecodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Red Pine in Wisconsin

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Kearby ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
A New Species

AbstractInvestigations into the causal organism of late fall browning in Wisconsin disclosed an undescribed species of gall midge. The taxonomic description and a summary statement of the life history are presented.

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