Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): I. Field Identification of Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.), Leucopina americana (Mall.) and Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Science Service

The introduction of predators of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), from Europe to the Atlantic Provinces of Canada was commenced in 1933 as a joint project of the Forest Biology and Entomology Divisions of Science Service and the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Several species were released between 1933 and 1941 but only one, Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.), became established and its control value was insufficient (Balch, 1952). The project was continued in 1951 and several additional species have been established. Studies of these predators and their place in the control complex in Canada were undertaken and this paper is the first in a series on the subiect. It results from the necessity of rapid field identification of the various stages of all predators found. It deals with three closely related dipterous predators, two of which were introduced, N. obscura and Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz., the other, Leucopina americana (Mall.), being native to Canada. Similar descriptions of the other species with a key will be published later.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): XI. Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Research Institute

Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. is one of the complex of predators that attacks A. piceae (Ratz.) in Europe. After studies on its morphology, biology, and distribution were made by Delucchi and Pschorn-Walcher (1954), C. nigrocellulata was reared in Europe by the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control and introduced into New Brunswick via the Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control, Belleville, Ontario.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) X. Field Identification of Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Promise ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Field Workers

Over the past ten years a number of exotic predators have been introduced into New Brunswick and other parts of North America as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Several of these have become established and others show considerable promise. As introductions continue it becomes exceedingly important that field workers be able to distinguish rapidly all stages of introduced and native predators. Field identification characters for some species (Chamaemyiidae and Syrphidae) have been published in previous papers in this series (Brown and Clark, 1956, 1960; Clark and Brown, 1957) and have been found to be very useful.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): IX. Pullus impexus (Muls.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada,

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Available Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lower Population

Pullus impexus (Muls.) is one of many species of predators that have been introduced into Eastern Canada since 1933 as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) Delucchi (1954) has published many details of the systematics, biology, and natural control of this species in Europe where he found it to be associated with all A. piceae infestations. According to Pschorn-Walcher and Zwölfer (1960), it is one of a group of predators that are usually associated with lower population densities of A. piceae and other related adelgids, rhan are Aphidoletes thompsoni Möhn and Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. Because it is common on adelgid infestations in Europe and because it can easily be reared en masse, large numbers have been released in North America. The purpose of the present paper is to bring together available information on releases, life-history and natural control, and control value of this species, obtained from studies carried out over the past nine years in New Brunswick.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) VIII. Syrphidae (Diptera),

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
And Control

Several species of native syrphids have been found to prey upon the introduced balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), in New Brunswick and three of these, Syrphus torvus O. S., Metasyrphus lapponicus (Zett.), and Neocnemodon coxalis (Curr.), are sometimes very common. As part of a long-term study of the biological control of the balsam woolly aphid by native and introduced predators, the life histories, natural control, population fluctuations and control value of these native syrphids have been investigated.

Development, Feeding Habits, and Predator-Prey Relations of Insect Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), Recently Introduced into Canada

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Smith and Coppel (in preparation) listed the releases and reviewed the bionomics in Europe of insect predators of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), recently introduced into Canada. The most promising species released since 1951 are Aphidecta obliterata (L.) and Pullus impexus (Muls.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ,Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz.(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius erichsonii Rosenh. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). All these species, with the possible exception of A. obliterata, are established near Fredericton, New Brunswick. Investigations in co-operation with the Forest Biology Laboratory, Fredericton, were begun in 1951 on the behaviour and initial establishment of the introduced predators (Clark, Brown, and Smith, 1954). The present paper contains field and laboratory observations on the development, feeding habits, and predator-prey relations of the four promising species.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid,Adelges piceae(Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): III. Field Identification and some Notes on the Biology ofNeoleucopis pinicolaMall. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Neoleucopis pinicolaMall. is a common predator on the pine bark aphid,Pineus strobi(Htg.) in New Brunswick. The host adelgid occurs throughout most of the United States and southern Canada on white pine,Pinus strobus, L., Scots pine,Pinus sylvestrisL., and Austrian pine,Pinus nigraArnold (Craighead, 1950). It is also an occasional predator on the balsam woolly aphid,Adelges piceae(Ratz.) (Brown and Clark, 1956b). No reference toN. pinicolawas found in the literature other than Malloch's (1921) description.

Avitograptus species (Graptolithina) from the Hirnantian (uppermost Ordovician) Anji Biota of South China and the evolution of Akidograptus and Parakidograptus

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Muir ◽  
Yuandong Zhang ◽  
Joseph P. Botting ◽  
Xuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Evolutionary Changes

AbstractThe latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian graptolite Avitograptus avitus is important in the biostratigraphy of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval. Two additional species of Avitograptus are described from the sponge-dominated Anji Biota of the Upper Ordovician Wenchang Formation (Metabolograptus persculptus Biozone) of Zhejiang Province, South China. One species, Avitograptus akidomorphus new species, is new; the other, Avitograptus acanthocystus new combination, which was previously placed in Climacograptus, is herein assigned to Avitograptus. The former species may represent the ancestral akidograptid because it is identical in thecal form to Akidograptus, but differs in the development of the proximal end. The evolutionary changes from Avitograptus avitus to Akidograptus and Parakidograptus involved distal movement of the origins of th11 and th12, thecal elongation, and greater outward inclination of the thecal walls.UUID: http://zoobank.org/81c433a0-9069-48d2-ae72-1267400cbf77.

scholarly journals STUDENT’S MATHEMATICAL VALUE IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING USING NON-ROUTINE PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Ain Safura ◽  
Nyimas Aisyah ◽  
Cecil Hiltrimartin ◽  
Indaryanti Indaryanti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
The Subject

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ability of students in solving non-routine problems in learning mathematics in high school. The focus of the study is the ability of students in solving non-routine problems that include the value of objectism, value of control, value of mystery, value of progress, value of rationalism, and value of openness. The subject of this study was determined purposively, that was based on the diversity of answers. The selected subject was six students of class X SMA in Palembang. The data were collected using observation, test, and interview which were then analyzed descriptively. The results show that in general the ability of students in solving non-routine problems is dominated by the value of objectism, control, rationalism, and progress. The other two values which did not dominantly appear were mystery and openness. Keywords: mathematical value, non-routine problemNILAI MATEMATIKA (MATHEMATICAL VALUE) SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN SOAL NON RUTIN Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal non rutin pada pembelajaran matematika di SMA. Fokus penelitian adalah kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal non rutin yang meliputi nilai objektisme, nilai kontrol, nilai misteri, nilai kemajuan, nilai rasionalisme, dan nilai keterbukaan. Adapun subjek penelitian ini dipilih secara purposive, berdasarkan keberagaman jawaban. Subjek yang terpilih adalah enam orang siswa kelas X SMA di Palembang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan observasi, tes, dan juga wawancara, yang kemudian di analisis secara deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal non rutin masih didominasi pada nilai objektisme, nilai kontrol, nilai rasionalisme, dan nilai kemajuan. Dua nilai lain yang tidak dominan muncul adalah nilai misteri dan nilai keterbukaan.Kata Kunci: nilai matematika, soal non rutin

Regulation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity during exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. E186-E190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kasperek
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Branched Chain

The levels of the branched-chain amino and oxo acids were measured in muscle and plasma after exercise and 10 min postexercise. Leucine was increased in both muscle and plasma after exercise and 10 min postexercise. The muscle levels of the branched-chain oxo acids were not increased immediately after exercise but were increased 10 min postexercise. Exercise caused a large increase in the plasma levels of the oxo acids of leucine and isoleucine that was further increased 10 min postexercise. The activity of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (BCOAD) was increased immediately after exercise but returned to the control value by 10 min postexercise. The lack of correlation between the muscle and plasma levels of the branched-chain amino and oxo acids and BCOAD activity suggests that these amino and oxo acids are not the primary physiological regulators of BCOAD activity during exercise. On the other hand, an excellent correlation was found between the muscle ATP level and BCOAD activity, with the ATP content decreasing in tandem with an increase in BCOAD activity during exercise and decreasing during the recovery period after exercise.

The Toxic Effects of Fatty Acids and Their Salts on the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelgespiceae (Ratz.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Puritch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

Fatty acids and their potassium soaps were screened for their toxicity to different life stages and eggs of the balsam woolly aphid (Adelgespiceae (Ratz.)). The most effective fatty acids for causing aphid mortality were in two major groups, one centering around capric acid (C10) within the low-chain saturated fatty acid series and the other around oleic acid (C18:1), within the unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids. The potassium soaps were better aphicides than the corresponding acids; the soaps of caprylic, capric, oleic, and linoleic acids were the most effective. Eggs were less sensitive to the soaps than later stages of the aphid, and there was a large variation in their response to the soap treatments. The possibility of using fatty acids and soaps as a control for the balsam woolly aphid is discussed.

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