Observations on the Mating Habits of Dasymutilla formicalia Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Linsley ◽  
J. W. MacSwain ◽  
Ray F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Males And Females

At a locality nine miles southwest of Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico, a number of females of Dasymutilla formicalia Rohwer and males of D. pallida Mickel were observed around our campsite during the second week of August, 1954. However, all of the males and most of the females were active only in the early morning and late afternoon. On August 10th, in a dirt roadway about three-quarters of a mile from camp an unusually large concentration of these mutillids was discovered at about 6 p.m. Since but a single species of Dasymutilla appeared to be involved the following observations on the activities of the males and females were recorded.

The influence of weather and time of day on trap catches of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
T. L. Woodburn ◽  
R. Morton ◽  
B. A. Ellem
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractDifferences in responses of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) to carrion-baited traps were examined in Australia in relation to time of day, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. The differences were small compared with responses obtained for the combined sexes (total catch), but the results were inconsistent over the four seasons of trapping. The seasons with most data (1975–1976 and 1981–1982) gave reasonably consistent results. Seasonal differences, although significant, were small enough to neglect for the purpose of standardizing trap catches. Time-of-day effects were also unimportant, except that males tended to be less active than females during the early morning (dawn-0900 h) and more active than females during the late afternoon (1500 h-dusk). Separate models are presented for standardization of male and female catch rates; the estimates differ from those obtained from total catches, but the differences are small compared to the observed day-to-day variation in catch rates.

scholarly journals Meals for two: foraging activity of the butterflyfish Chaetodon Striatus (perciformes) in southeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bonaldo ◽  
J. P. Krajewski ◽  
I. Sazima
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Feeding Activities

The banded butterflyfish (Chaetodon striatus) from the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic is a territorial, diurnal forager on benthic invertebrates. It is usually seen moving singly or in pairs, a few meters above the sea floor. We studied the foraging activity of C. striatus on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil. This fish spent about 11 h and 30 min per day on feeding activities, and preferred colonies of non-scleratinian anthozoans over sandy and rocky substrata while foraging. The lowest feeding rates were recorded in the early morning and late afternoon, but we found no further differences between feeding rates throughout the day. We also found no differences between the feeding rates of paired and single individuals.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 6036-6043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Rucong Yu ◽  
Tianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
China Region ◽  
Afternoon Peak

Abstract Hourly station rain gauge data are employed to study the seasonal variation of the diurnal cycle of rainfall in southern contiguous China. The results show a robust seasonal variation of the rainfall diurnal cycle, which is dependent both on region and duration. Difference in the diurnal cycle of rainfall is found in the following two neighboring regions: southwestern China (region A) and southeastern contiguous China (region B). The diurnal cycle of annual mean precipitation in region A tends to reach the maximum in either midnight or early morning, while precipitation in region B has a late-afternoon peak. In contrast with the weak seasonal variation of the diurnal phases of precipitation in region A, the rainfall peak in region B shifts sharply from late afternoon in warm seasons to early morning in cold seasons. Rainfall events in south China are classified into short- (1–3 h) and long-duration (more than 6 h) events. Short-duration precipitation in both regions reaches the maximum in late afternoon in warm seasons and peaks in either midnight or early morning in cold seasons, but the late-afternoon peak in region B exists during February–October, while that in region A only exists during May–September. More distinct differences between regions A and B are found in the long-duration rainfall events. The long-duration events in region A show dominant midnight or early morning peaks in all seasons. But in region B, the late-afternoon peak exists during July–September. Possible reasons for the difference in the diurnal cycle of rainfall between the two regions are discussed. The different cloud radiative forcing over regions A and B might contribute to this difference.

scholarly journals Thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community of the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Macaé, RJ

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. HATANO ◽  
D. VRCIBRADIC ◽  
C. A. B. GALDINO ◽  
M. CUNHA-BARROS ◽  
C. F. D. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Hemidactylus Mabouia ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

We analyzed the thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community from the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The broadest activity was that of Tropidurus torquatus, a sit-and-wait forager, while the active foraging teiid Cnemidophorus littoralis had the shortest activity. The nocturnal gekkonid Hemidactylus mabouia was found active during the day only during early morning and late afternoon, when environmental temperatures are low. Body temperature was highest for Cnemidophorus littoralis and lowest for the two Mabuya species. The patterns found here are discussed and compared to those of congeneric species in other habitats in Brazil.

scholarly journals Pollination by nectar-foraging thynnine wasps in the endangered Caladenia arenaria and Caladenia concolor (Orchidaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushka Reiter ◽  
Björn Bohman ◽  
Marc Freestone ◽  
Graham R. Brown ◽  
Ryan D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Nectar Foraging ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Pollination Strategy ◽  
Pollination Systems

Prior to undertaking conservation translocations of plants with specialised pollination systems, it is important to ensure the presence of pollinators at recipient sites. Here, for two threatened species, Caladenia concolor Fitzg. and Caladenia arenaria Fitzg. (Orchidaceae), we determine (i) the pollination strategy used, (ii) which floral visitors are involved in pollination, and (iii) whether the pollinator species are present at potential translocation sites. For both orchid species, pollination was primarily achieved by nectar-foraging thynnine wasps, with a single species responsible for pollination in C. concolor, whereas C. arenaria utilised at least two species to achieve pollination. Both orchid species secreted meagre quantities of sucrose on the upper surface of the labellum. Visits to C. concolor occurred primarily in the late afternoon, with some wasps perching on the flowers overnight. Surveys revealed that pollinators were present at all extant populations and most potential translocation sites for both orchids. The specialisation on one pollinator species in C. concolor means that the distribution of the pollinator needs to be considered for conservation translocations. With C. arenaria, the risk of hybridisation with other Caladenia that are known to share one of its pollinator species needs to be taken into account when selecting translocation sites.

scholarly journals 128 Effect of DR/ER-MPH on Early Morning and Late Afternoon/Evening Functioning in Children With ADHD: Analysis of PREMB-R Items From a Phase 3 Trial

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Steven R. Pliszka ◽  
Valerie K. Arnold ◽  
Andrea Marraffino ◽  
Norberto J. DeSousa ◽  
Bev Incledon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Individual Item ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractObjectiveIn a phase 3 trial of children with ADHD, DR/ER-MPH (formerly HLD200), a delayed-release and extended-release methylphenidate, improved ADHD symptoms and reduced at-home early morning and late afternoon/evening functional impairments versus placebo, as measured by the validated Parent Rating of Evening andMorning Behaviors-Revised, Morning (PREMB-R AM) and Evening (PREMB-R PM) subscales. This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of DR/ER-MPH versus placebo onindividual PREMB-R AM/PM item scores.MethodData were analyzed from a pivotal, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 trial of DR/ER-MPH in children (6-12 years) withADHD (NCT02520388). Using the 3-item PREMB-R AM and 8-item PREMB-R PM, both key secondary endpoints, investigators evaluated early morning and lateafternoon/evening functional impairment by scoring each item on a severity scale from 0 (none) to 3 (a lot). For post hoc analyses, treatment comparisons between DR/ER-MPH and placebo at endpoint were determined by using least squares mean changes from baseline on individual PREMB-R AM/PM items score derived from an analysis ofcovariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment as the main effect, and study center and baseline score as covariates.ResultsOf 163 children enrolled across 22 sites, 161 were included in the intent-to-treat population (DR/ER-MPH, n=81; placebo, n=80) and 138 completed the study. The mean DR/ER-MPH dose achieved after 3 weeks of treatment was 68.1 mg. Following 3 weeks of treatment, DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced mean individual item scores from baseline versus placebo on all PREMB-R AM items (all P≤0.002; “getting out of bed”, “getting ready”, and “arguing or struggling in the morning”). Additionally, DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced mean individual item scores from baseline on 5 out of 8 PREMB-R PM items (P<0.01 in 2 items [“sitting through dinner” and “playing quietly”] and P<0.05 in 3 items [“inattentive/distractible”, “transitioning between activities”, and “settling down/getting ready for bed”]). There was a trend towards a reduction on 2 other items of the PREMB-R PM (P<0.09). Distributions of the ratings for each item will be presented. No serious TEAEs were reported; TEAEs were consistent withmethylphenidate.ConclusionsPost hoc analyses revealed that DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced all PREMB-R AM item scores, including “getting out of bed”, and many PREMB-R PM items, including “getting ready for bed” in children with ADHD. These findings are worth further exploration.Funding AcknowledgementsIronshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc.

On the biting activities of some anthropophilic Amazonian Simuliidae (Diptera)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lacey ◽  
J. D. Charlwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

AbstractQuantitative observations on the biting activities of Simulium simplicicolor Lutz and S. sanguineum Knab s.1. at Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and S. guianense Wise and S. sanguineum s.1. at Uru´, Par´, were made during the wet and dry seasons between June 1978 and August 1979. The species demonstrated characteristic attacking patterns regardless of abundance or environmental conditions. S. simplicicolor, S. guianense and S. sanguineum s.1. at Uruá demonstrated bimodal biting patterns with early morning and late afternoon peaks. S. sanguineum s.1. at Aripuanã, however, bit throughout the day with three peaks of activity. Evidence is presented for circadian control of the biting patterns which are subject to modification by exogenous factors outside of an optimal range. S. simplicicolor seemed to be most affected by light intensity, whereas the other species were affected by variable combinations of light, temperature and humidity depending on the species and population. Physiological age sometimes also modified biting activity in S. simplicicolor. This variable was not studied in the other species. S. simplicicolor and S. guianense preferred biting man on the legs and S. sanguineum s.1. at Uruá preferred the upper torso, but S. sanguineum s.1. at. Aripuanã did not demonstrate a consistent preference for sites above or below the waist. Average engorgement times for all of the populations except the Uruá population of S. sanguineum s.1. were between 4·3 and 5·3 min.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variation of Summer Precipitation across the Central Tian Shan Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Tianru Chen ◽  
Nina Li
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Southern Basin ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Tian Shan Mountains ◽  
Afternoon Peak ◽  
Tian Shan

AbstractThe climatic features of the diurnally varying summer precipitation over and around the central Tian Shan Mountains are investigated. Both the hourly rainfall data observed at eight stations along a transect across the mountains and the convective index derived from the satellite data show that there are three distinct regimes: the early morning peak at stations to the south of the mountains, the late afternoon peak at stations on the mountains, and the night peak at stations to the north of the mountains. The relation between regimes of diurnal variation is analyzed. By defining the regional rainfall event (RRE), the initial stations of each RRE are recorded. The early morning rainfall in the southern periphery of the mountains is triggered locally in the southern basin. Both the late afternoon peak over the mountains and the night peak in the northern periphery are influenced by mountain-originated rainfall events. These rainfall events appear over the mountains in the afternoon, and some of them move northward and lead to the nocturnal rainfall in the northern basin. The triggering of convection in the afternoon over the mountains and that in the early morning in the southern basin is related to the diurnally varying wind and thermodynamic conditions over and around the mountains. Low-level convergence with thermodynamic instability appears at noon (night) over the mountains (in the southern basin) just before the start of the convection.

Perceptual Distortions and Hallucinations Reported during the Course of Sleep Deprivation

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Babkoff ◽  
Helen C. Sing ◽  
David R. Thorne ◽  
Sander G. Genser ◽  
Frederick W. Hegge
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Perceptual Distortions

Subjects worked 30 to 45 min. of each hour for either 48 ( n = 2) or 2 hr. ( n = 8) without sleep. The frequency of reported visual task-related perceptual distortions and hallucinations showed both a linear increasing component and a strong circadian component. Perceptual distortions were most frequent in the late night-early morning hours (0400) and least frequent in the late afternoon-early evening hours (1600–2000).

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