Amino Acids in Insects

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Amino Acid Molecule

The object of this paper is to summarize some of the latest research work that has been done concerning the amino acids in insects and especially the research work in which I have collaborated.The Amino Acid MoleculeAn amino acid is an organic compound which contains a grouping with gcidic properties. Such a grouping in organic compounds is the carboxyl group.

scholarly journals Interactive Auditory Navigation in the Molecular Structures of Amino Acids: A Case Study Using Multiple Concurrent Sound Sources Representing Nearby Atoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyi Liu ◽  
Edwin van der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Amino Acid Molecule ◽  
Sound Sources

We are interested in sonifying the molecular structures of amino acids. This paper describes the context and the first design choices for our approach. So far, we believe an amino acid molecule is too complex to be perceived at once. Therefore, we have designed an interactive form of sonification in which the listener navigates through the molecule over the network of carbon atoms. We describe our different approaches and discuss the topic of immediacy: the time it takes to recognize the structure surrounding the listener’s position while navigating. Furthermore, we touch upon the question how many atoms we can sonify simultaneously and the role auditory masking plays in this context. To overcome auditory masking, we propose to use irregular but easy to recognize sounds. We conclude with an interest in a three-dimensional navigation environment using general molecular structures for further research and development.

A convenient preparative method for esters of amino acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Maclaren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Preparative Method ◽  
Amino Acid Ester ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Amino Protection

The amino groups of amino acids can be protected by using ethyl ecetoacetate as a ,β-dicarbonyl component. The resulting derivatives are readily alkylated at the carboxyl group by substituted benzyl and other halides. Mild acidolysis then removes the amino protection to give the salt of the amino acid ester. This three-step synthesis can be performed without isolation of intermediates and provides a convenient preparative method for 4-methoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, and 4-picolyl esters of amino acids. The products are not racemized.

scholarly journals Amyloid like Aggregates Formed by the Self-Assembly of Proline and Hydroxyproline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Koshti ◽  
Ramesh, Singh ◽  
Vivekshinh Kshtriya ◽  
Shanka Walia ◽  
Dhiraj Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Aggregation Behaviour ◽  
Significant Research

<p>Single amino acid based self-assembled structures have gained a lot of interest recently owing to their pathological significance in metabolite disorders. There is plethora of significant research work which illustrate amyloid like characteristics of assemblies formed by aggregation of single amino acids like Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Cysteine and Methionine and its implications in pathophysiology of single amino acid metabolic disorders like phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, hypertryptophanemia, cystinuria and hypermethioninemia respectively. Hence, studying aggregation behaviour of single amino acids is very crucial to assess the underlying molecular mechanism behind metabolic disorders. In this manuscript we report for the very first time the aggregation properties of non-aromatic single amino acids Hydroxy-proline and Proline. The morphologies of these were studied extensively by Optical microscopy (OM), ThT binding fluorescence microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). It can be assessed that these amino acids form globular structures at lower concentrations and gradually changes to tape like structures on increasing the concentration as assessed by AFM. ThT and CR binding assay reveal the aggregates do have amyloid like characteristics. Further MTT assays on SHSY5Y neural cell lines reveal cytotoxicity and the aggregates caused significant cell death in dose dependent manner. These results have important implications in understanding the pathophysiology of single amino acid disorders like Hyperprolinemia and Hydroxyprolinemia in association with amyloid diseases. The symptoms of these diseases are also accompanied by extensive neurological problems like intellectual disability, seizures and psychiatric problems which further evince amyloid like etiology for these rare in-born errors of metabolism.</p>

scholarly journals Directly Detection of a Single Amino Acid Molecule with an Aerolysin Nanopore

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 356a
Author(s):  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yilun Ying ◽  
Yi-Tao Long
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Amino Acid Molecule

Transformation of the Carboxyl Group of an Amino Acid to Variously Substituted Imidazoles through a Davidson-Type Heterocyclization

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (09) ◽  
pp. 1961-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Küppers ◽  
Michaela Hympánová ◽  
Tim Keuler ◽  
Andreas Schneider ◽  
Gregor Schnakenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Combinatorial Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imidazole Derivatives

The modification of amino acids leads to valuable building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. By keeping the amino group protected, the carboxylic acid functionality can be converted in two steps into an imidazole moiety via a Davidson-like heterocyclization. This reaction allows for a combinatorial approach, in which two positions at the heterocycle can be modified. Herein, we report the synthesis of such imidazole derivatives by employing N-protected cyclohexylalanine as the starting material. Different α-halo ketones were used and two points of diversity, positions 4 and 5, were examined. The structure of the final imidazole derivatives was confirmed by three X-ray crystal structure analyses and their protease inhibiting activities were evaluated.

On the influence of low-energy ionizing radiation on the amino acid molecule: proline

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Tamuliene ◽  
Liudmila Romanova ◽  
Vasyl Vukstich ◽  
Alexander Papp ◽  
Serhiy Shkurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Amino Acid Molecule

Specificity of the transport system for neutral amino acids in the hamster intestine

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund C. C. Lin ◽  
Hiroshi Hagihira ◽  
T. Hastings Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Active Transport System ◽  
Everted Sacs

The specificity of the active transport system for neutral amino acids has been studied with everted sacs of hamster intestine. Amino acids with modifications or replacements of the carboxyl, amino, or α-hydrogen groups were poorly transported and were poor inhibitors of the transport of other l-amino acids. The carboxyl group must remain free, the amino group must not be in the tertiary or quaternary state, and the α-hydrogen can not be replaced by a methyl group without serious effect on the transport rate. It was concluded that the l-amino acids were distinguished from the d-isomers by the interaction of the carrier with the carboxyl group, the amino group, and the α-hydrogen. The side chain of the amino acid must be nonpolar but there is relatively little restriction on its structure.

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