The Importance of Insect Control in a Forest Management Program

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Direct Economic Loss

Swaine and Craighead (1924) have presented evidence that outbreaks of the spruce budworm occurred in Eastern Canada in 1806 and in 1878. In those days the wood supply appeared to be unlimited and the forest represented, to some extent, an obstacle that had to be removed so that the land could be cultivated. Balsam fir, the tree principally affected by the budworm, was seldom used for lumber when spruce was available. It can hardly be considered, therefore, that these early outbreaks caused much direct economic loss. If the trees had not been killed by the budworm, over-maturity and related factors would have removed them to make way for a new stand. In fact, were it not for the undesirable effects of budworm outbreaks on subsequent forest composition, it might even be argued that they were beneficial under certain conditions.

Modelling Landscape-level Effects of Reduced Herbicide Use in Two Forests in Northern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (02) ◽  
pp. 290-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dacosta ◽  
Kandyd Szuba ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Tom Moore ◽  
Ken Lennon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Landscape Level

In Ontario, forest management planning requires that legal obligations to sustain forest composition and pattern, wildlife habitat, and other values are met, while at the same time addressing, for example, wood supply needs, costs, forest access, and stakeholder concerns. One of the latter is pressure to reduce herbicide use. Stand-level effects of vegetation management alternatives have been documented, but how these effects scale up to the landscape-level and affect the achievement of social, ecological, and economic objectives embedded in forest management plans (FMPs) remains uncertain. We applied nine modelling scenarios in the context of approved FMPs to explore the potential landscape-level effects of replacing herbicide use with an alternative (brush saw) for two large forests in northeastern Ontario. Results of non-spatial and spatial modelling over 60 years suggested that although herbicides are applied to only 25% to 34% of the harvested area in these forests, reductions in use would affect: (i) overall wood supply, with 14% to 44% less conifer and 6% to 17% less hardwood available; (ii) habitat supply, with less habitat for species preferring recent disturbances and more habitat for species preferring mature and older forest; (iii) costs, with wood transportation cost increasing by 16% to 20% and increased spending on silviculture; (iv) size and distribution of cutblocks and disturbance patches, with more small patches; and (v) the extent of the active road network, which would increase.

FOREST MANAGEMENT ON THE SMALL FOREST PROPERTY

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
J. D. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Small Forest

Small privately owned forest properties located in settled and predominantly agricultural areas provide about one third of the industrial wood supply in eastern Canada. Climate, soil fertility, accessibility, proximity to markets and availability of labour make these forest lands potentially highly productive. But, despite their potential, they are generally considered to be the worst managed of all forest lands.This situation is discussed briefly and some suggestion advanced for a new approach to small property management. It is suggested that foresters should make this problem their own. Demands exist for the various products these lands could produce and foresters are the most likely candidates for the task of making the most of the resource for the benefit of all concerned.

scholarly journals Assessment of the ripple effects and spatial heterogeneity of total losses in the capital of China after a great catastrophic shock

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengtao Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jieling Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Indirect Economic Loss ◽  
Development Levels

Abstract. The total losses caused by natural disasters have spatial heterogeneity due to the different economic development levels inside the disaster-hit areas. This paper uses scenarios of direct economic loss to introduce the sectors' losses caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (2008 WCE) in Beijing, utilizing the Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model and the Inter-regional ripple effect (IRRE) model. The purpose is to assess the ripple effects of indirect economic loss and spatial heterogeneity of both direct and indirect economic loss at the scale of the smallest administrative divisions of China (streets, villages, and towns). The results indicate that the district of Beijing with the most severe indirect economic loss is the Chaoyang District; the finance and insurance industry (15, see Table 1) of Chaowai Street suffers the most in the Chaoyang District, which is 1.46 times that of its direct economic loss. During 2008–2014, the average annual GDP (gross domestic product) growth rate of Beijing was decreased 3.63 % by the catastrophe. Compared with the 8 % of GDP growth rate target, the decreasing GDP growth rate is a significant and noticeable economic impact, and it can be efficiently mitigated by increasing rescue effort and by supporting the industries which are located in the seriously damaged regions.

Tourists “stealing” stuff

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662096098
Author(s):  
Stephen Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Relationship

Hotel guests are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their hotel room. Passengers are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their flight. When passengers take a flight and hotel guests pay for a room, what items are they entitled to? It is not so clear. This research explores this issue. The economic value of these items can be quite prohibitive and represents a direct economic loss to these tourism businesses. The focus of previous research on theft in the tourism and hospitality industry focuses on tourists being robbed or employees stealing from their employers. This research assesses the self-reported incidence of tourists taking items from hotels and airlines and investigates the relationship between tourists taking both free and not-complimentary items and self-reported ethical tourist behavior. Further, we segment and profile the types of tourists who take items from hotels and airlines. We achieve these research objectives by undertaking a quantitative survey through 538 completed questionnaires captured via an in-person intercept method in commonly frequented tourist hot spots in Hong Kong. The incidence of theft is relatively high for some items, but tourists generally know which items they are entitled to and which they are not. There are three segments of tourists in terms of their self-reported behavior of taking items from hotel rooms and off flights: Honest, Impulsive, and Habituals.

scholarly journals Importance of Contract Administration for Timely Construction of Hydropower Projects without Disputes

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Prasad Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Contract Administration ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Interest Costs

Most of the large hydropower projects in the region have been behind schedule than agreed in the contracts. Such delays besides project cost overrun cause direct economic loss to the countries in the form of interest costs, loss of energy revenues and loss in industrial production due to shortage of power. With delays, the Contractor finds ways for claim for additional time and cost. Such a situation may be the result of poor contract administration & management skills. Therefore, a fair and just administration of the contract is key to the successful performance of the contract on time, with respect to both budget and quality with minimum dispute events.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11265HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 14, 2014, JanuaryPage: 49-51

Fire is a stronger driver of forest composition than logging in the boreal forest of eastern Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Boucher ◽  
Isabelle Auger ◽  
Jean Noël ◽  
Pierre Grondin ◽  
Dominique Arseneault
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada

Growth loss and recovery following defoliation by the balsam fir sawfly in young, spaced balsam fir stands

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Piene ◽  
Don P. Ostaff ◽  
Eldon S. Eveleigh
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Growth Recovery ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Intensively Managed

AbstractTwo stands of intensively managed balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae)] in western Newfoundland, located within an area infested by the balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) complex, were selected to study growth loss and recovery following severe defoliation by the balsam fir sawfly in the early 1990s. Four years after the start of the outbreak, volume increments were reduced by 78–81%. The decreased volume increment and recovery coincided well with the balsam fir sawfly outbreak and decline. The growth recovery rates following severe balsam fir sawfly defoliation were slow due to the absence of bud destruction, which triggers the release of suppressed buds, and thus increases foliage production. It is imperative that the severe losses in volume growth caused by balsam fir sawfly defoliation are incorporated into wood supply analyses so that future annual allowable cuts may be adjusted. In addition, to ensure maximum recovery rates at the end of an outbreak, future populations must be kept at a minimum to avoid additional foliage loss.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of claw lesions and lameness in pregnant sows in two types of group housing

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pluym ◽  
A. Van Nuffel ◽  
J. Dewulf ◽  
A. Cools ◽  
F. Vangroenweghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Claw Lesions ◽  
Locomotor Disorders

Claw lesions and lameness in sows are an important welfare concern as well as a cause of considerable economic loss. These problems are more common in group housing than in individual housing systems. Given that group housing for gestating sows will become mandatory in the EU from 2013 onwards, the aim of the present study was: (1) to determine the prevalence of lameness and claw lesions in sows housed in groups during gestation, and (2) to analyze whether the type of group housing system and sow-related factors were associated with lameness and claw lesions. Eight Belgian pig herds with group housing of gestating sows were selected. Four herds used pens with electronic sow feeders (dynamic groups), the other four herds kept their sows in free access stalls (static groups). All sows were visually examined for lameness at the end of gestation. Claw lesions were scored after parturition. Information about feed, housing conditions and culling (strategy) was collected, as well as information about parity and breed. Of all 421 assessed sows, on average 9.7% (min. 2.4%, max. 23.1%) were lame. Almost 99% of the sows had one or more claw lesion with overgrowth of heel horn (93%) and cracks in the wall (52%) as the most prevalent lesions. Neither for lameness nor claw lesions was significant differences found between the two types of group housing. Lameness decreased while the mean claw lesion score increased with ageing. These results suggest that lameness can be caused by reasons other than claw lesions, especially in older sows. Although no difference was found between the two types of group housing, a huge variation between herds was observed. Moreover, as the prevalence of lameness and claw lesions in group housing is quite high and group housing will become mandatory in 2013, further investigation on risk factors of locomotor disorders in sows is necessary.

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