The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. III. Mites and their Predators

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Apple Orchards

The commercial production of apples has led growers to greater reliance on chemical control measures for pests than have most fields of agricultural production. Since the turn of the century orchardists have plunged deeper and deeper into artificial measures to produce fruit free from blemishes without greatly alleviating the over-all pest problem and, in some cases, actually producing conditions conducive to still greater problems.

CODLING MOTH POPULATIONS UNDER NATURAL, INTEGRATED, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Artificial Control

AbstractCodling moth populations on natural apple fruit trees scattered throughout Nova Scotia are compared with those in commercial orchards. In natural fruit, failure of crop, crop size, degree of isolation, amount of crowding by native trees, and natural enemies determine the level of codling moth numbers. Young commercial orchards require artificial control measures within a few years of first bearing fruit to prevent severe crop losses. In older commercial orchards natural controls require an occasional assist by chemical treatment to contain the codling moth below economically tolerable levels. Such treatment is applied to interfere as little as possible with known natural controls.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. IV. A Review

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 472-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pickett ◽  
N. A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Orchard Pests ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

Studies on the ecology of the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia were initiated in 1943, to determine the long-term influence of spray chemicals on the populations of apple-infesting insects. At that time it was felt that the indiscriminate use of spray chemicals in the control of orchard pests was sometimes creating worse problems than those corrected–and was threatening the economy of apple production; and that there was an urgent need to determine, if possible, how to harmonize biological and chemical control. A more comprehensive discussion on the biological and philosophical concepts on which the studies were based may be found elsewhere (Pickett et al., 1946; Pickett, 1949a; 1949b).

THE APPLE MAGGOT (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN NOVA SCOTIA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Past History ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Seasonal History

AbstractThe apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a major pest of apples in Nova Scotia, and has in recent years become a serious threat to integrated insect control. This paper is an account of its past history, economic importance, seasonal history, natural enemies, the present cultural and chemical control practices, and the prospect of using alternative control measures.

Influence of Typhlodromus (T.) pyri Scheuten on the Development of Bryobia arborea M. & A. Populations in the Greenhouse

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees

The brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., is a widely distributed phytophagous pest of apple trees in Nova Scotia. Many predators have been observed feeding on this pest, particularly the predacious mites of the sub-family Phytoseiinae. It is difficult to assess the influence of these predators on brown mite in the field because fungicides, which are necessary in the commercial production of apples in Nova Scotia, often disrupt the relationships. Furthermore, other species of predators and prey usually found in apple orchards obscure the influence of phytoseiids on brown mite.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Recent Developments and Current Status of Commercial Production of Fuel Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Dung Hoang ◽  
Nhuan Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

Ethanol produced from various biobased sources (bioethanol) has been gaining high attention lately due to its potential to cut down net emissions of carbon dioxide while reducing burgeoning world dependence on fossil fuels. Global ethanol production has increased more than six-fold from 18 billion liters at the turn of the century to 110 billion liters in 2019 (1,2). Sugar cane and corn have been used as the major feedstocks for ethanol production. Lignocellulosic biomass has recently been considered as another potential feedstock. This paper reviews recent developments and current status of commercial production of ethanol across the world. The review includes the ethanol production processes used for each type of feedstock, both currently practiced at commercial scale and newly developed technologies, and production trends in various regions and countries in the world.

Implications of Initial Assumptions in Agri-Environmental Nitrogen Pollution Reduction Policy Design: Quasi-Empirical Evidence from Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-277
Author(s):  
Ozana Nadoveza Jelić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
And Control

This paper aims to extend understanding of potential general equilibrium effects of nitrogen pollution reduction policies in multifunctional agriculture. Under the EU Nitrates Directive, to achieve agricultural nitrogen pollution reduction, a country can choose between (or combine) market and command-and-control measures. To deal with nitrate pollution from agricultural sources Croatia uses measures such as input regulations and management practices, rather than market-based measures. This paper evaluates welfare and macroeconomic effects of selected market and command-and-control based agricultural nitrogen reduction policies within Croatian data based CGE model. The paper highlights the importance of usual theoretical assumptions, i.e. labor market cleaning assumption and the degree of substitutability of nitrogen in agricultural production, for policy prescriptions. Namely, the results suggest that agri-environ­mental policy prescriptions largely depend upon labor market cleaning assumption and substitutability of nitrogen in agricultural production. The paper also emphasizes current limitations of CGE models for agri-environmental nitrogen reduction related policies evaluation and highlights the methodological and database development needs for future research.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XIV.: Supplement to II. Oystershell Scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Winter Temperatures

AbstractThis study confirms an earlier finding that the oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) is normally controlled in Nova Scotia apple orchards by the aphelinid Aphytis mytilaspidis Le B. and the predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus (Shimer). The effectiveness of the former may be limited in colder areas by low winter temperatures, and both species are detrimentally affected by some spray chemicals. The evidence presented indicates that either A. mytilaspidis, or H. malus, or the two of them together, may operate as key-factors in regulating the density of oystershell scale populations.

scholarly journals The impact of epidemics on agricultural production and forecast of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurui Zhang ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Lingran Yuan ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Binlei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article investigates the mechanism of the direct and indirect effects of epidemics on agricultural production and projects the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural output in China.Design/methodology/approachThis article first adopts a dynamic panel model and spatial Durbin model to estimate the direct and indirect effects, followed by a growth accounting method to identify the channels by which epidemics affect agriculture; finally, it projects the overall impact of COVID-19 on agriculture.FindingsThe incidence rate of epidemics in a province has a negative impact on that province's own agricultural productivity, but the increase in the input factors (land, fertilizer and machinery) can make up for the loss and thus lead to insignificant direct effects. However, this “input-offset-productivity” mechanism fails to radiate to the surrounding provinces and therefore leads to significant indirect/spillover effects. It is projected that COVID-19 will lower China's agricultural growth rate by 0.4%–2.0% in 2020 under different scenarios.Research limitations/implicationsIt is crucial to establish a timely disclosure and sharing system of epidemic information across provinces, improve the support and resilience of agricultural production in the short run and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization in the long run.Originality/valueConsidering the infectivity of epidemics, this article evaluates the mechanism of the direct and indirect effects by introducing a spatial dynamic model into the growth accounting framework. Moreover, besides the impact on input portfolio and productivity, this article also investigates whether epidemics reshape agricultural production processes due to panic effects and control measures.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XI. Effects of Low Dosages of DDT on Predator Populations

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

The varied interpretations by numerous biologists, of the role of predation in population dynamics have been critically reviewed by Holling (1959) and by Huffaker and Kennett (1956). They conclude that the processes of predation may serve to regulate prey density and disagree with generalizations that minimize the role of predation. This role has been a subject of considerable interest in recent years, notable contributions being the laboratory investigations of Collyer (1958) and Huffaker (1958), and the field studics of Holling (1959).

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