THE SHOT HOLE BORER, ANISANDRUS PYRI (PECK), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE)

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 189-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. G. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
European Species

The shot hole borer, Anisandrus pyri (Peck), which has been referred to as the American representative of the European species A. dispar (Fab.) and from which according to Swame (1918) it is doubtfully distinct, has long been known in the eastern parts of Canada and the United States. This species has also been present for a number of years in the West where its distribution is apparently confined to the coast districts. As it has become particularly troublesome during recent years in British Columbia, and as published accounts of its occurrence in this province are very meagre, the following notes may be considered timely.

Revision ofSpeolepta(Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with descriptions of new Nearctic and Oriental species

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ševčík ◽  
Jostein Kjærandsen ◽  
Stephen A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Male ◽  
European Species ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Fungus Gnat

AbstractThe cave-living and monobasic fungus gnat genusSpeoleptaEdwards is reviewed with a description of the first Nearctic species,Speolepta vockerothisp. nov., from Canada (caves in Ontario and British Columbia) and the United States (Alaska). Its morphology, life history, and biology are documented and compared with the single European speciesSpeolepta leptogaster(Winnertz). A further new species,Speolepta orientalissp.nov., is described based on a single male from northern Vietnam, representing the first record of this genus from the Oriental Region.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Modernization

There are no laws in history. Realists, liberals, and others are both right and wrong. Although no one can be certain that military incidents may not happen, for the foreseeable future China and the United States are unlikely to favor major war. They have cooperated well for almost four decades now. China is likely to continue to focus on its economic modernization. It has far to go to measure up to the West. The American-Chinese economies are still complementary. A conflict with the United States or even with China’s neighbors would have damaging repercussions for China’s economic goals. The United States is so strong that it would make little sense for China to take it on militarily. There are also other deterrents against war, from nuclear weapons to emerging norms about international relations. It is anybody’s guess what will happen after the next few decades. History indicates anything is possible.

The Proximity of Other Skins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Parreñas Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
The Voice

Transnational films representing intimacy and inequality disrupt and disgust Western spectators. When wounded bodies within poverty entangle with healthy wealthy bodies in sex, romance and care, fear and hatred combine with desire and fetishism. Works from the Philippines, South Korea, and independents from the United States and France may not be made for the West and may not make use of Hollywood traditions. Rather, they demand recognition for the knowledge they produce beyond our existing frames. They challenge us to go beyond passive consumption, or introspection of ourselves as spectators, for they represent new ways of world-making we cannot unsee, unhear, or unfeel. The spectator is redirected to go beyond the rapture of consuming the other to the rupture that arises from witnessing pain and suffering. Self-displacement is what proximity to intimate inequality in cinema ultimately compels and demands so as to establish an ethical way of relating to others. In undoing the spectator, the voice of the transnational filmmaker emerges. Not only do we need to listen to filmmakers from outside Hollywood who unflinchingly engage the inexpressibility of difference, we need to make room for critics and theorists who prioritize the subjectivities of others. When the demographics of filmmakers and film scholars are not as diverse as its spectators, films narrow our worldviews. To recognize our culpability in the denigration of others unleashes the power of cinema. The unbearability of stories we don’t want to watch and don’t want to feel must be borne.

scholarly journals Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Irus Braverman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
Waste Concrete

Our special issue provides a first-of-its kind attempt to examine environmental injustices in the occupied West Bank through interdisciplinary perspectives, pointing to the broader settler colonial and neoliberal contexts within which they occur and to their more-than-human implications. Specifically, we seek to understand what environmental justice—a movement originating from, and rooted in, the United States—means in the context of Palestine/Israel. Moving beyond the settler-native dialectic, we draw attention to the more-than-human flows that occur in the region—which include water, air, waste, cement, trees, donkeys, watermelons, and insects—to consider the dynamic, and often gradational, meanings of frontier, enclosure, and Indigeneity in the West Bank, challenging the all-too-binary assumptions at the core of settler colonialism. Against the backdrop of the settler colonial project of territorial dispossession and elimination, we illuminate the infrastructural connections and disruptions among lives and matter in the West Bank, interpreting these through the lens of environmental justice. We finally ask what forms of ecological decolonization might emerge from this landscape of accumulating waste, concrete, and ruin. Such alternative visions that move beyond the single axis of settler-native enable the emergence of more nuanced, and even hopeful, ecological imaginaries that focus on sumud, dignity, and recognition.

scholarly journals Patterns of dental antibiotic prescribing in 2017: Australia, England, United States, and British Columbia (Canada)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wendy Thompson ◽  
Leanne Teoh ◽  
Colin C. Hubbard ◽  
Fawziah Marra ◽  
David M. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
The Us ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to compare patterns of dental antibiotic prescribing in Australia, England, and North America (United States and British Columbia, Canada). Design: Population-level analysis of antibiotic prescription. Setting: Outpatient prescribing by dentists in 2017. Participants: Patients receiving an antibiotic dispensed by an outpatient pharmacy. Methods: Prescription-based rates adjusted by population were compared overall and by antibiotic class. Contingency tables assessed differences in the proportion of antibiotic class by country. Results: In 2017, dentists in the United States had the highest antibiotic prescribing rate per 1,000 population and Australia had the lowest rate. The penicillin class, particularly amoxicillin, was the most frequently prescribed for all countries. The second most common agents prescribed were clindamycin in the United States and British Columbia (Canada) and metronidazole in Australia and England. Broad-spectrum agents, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and azithromycin were the highest in Australia and the United States, respectively. Conclusion: Extreme differences exist in antibiotics prescribed by dentists in Australia, England, the United States, and British Columbia. The United States had twice the antibiotic prescription rate of Australia and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in the US was clindamycin. Significant opportunities exist for the global dental community to update their prescribing behavior relating to second-line agents for penicillin allergic patients and to contribute to international efforts addressing antibiotic resistance. Patient safety improvements will result from optimizing dental antibiotic prescribing, especially for antibiotics associated with resistance (broad-spectrum agents) or C. difficile (clindamycin). Dental antibiotic stewardship programs are urgently needed worldwide.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC CARTILAGE RESTORATION PROCEDURES IN THE UNITED STATES: INSURANCE AND GEOGRAPHY PLAY A ROLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0024
Author(s):  
Tyler B. Hall ◽  
Max J. Hyman ◽  
Neeraj M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Database ◽  
The West ◽  
Cartilage Restoration ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Background: A number of surgical options are available for sizeable articular cartilage lesions of the knee. These include osteochondral autograft (OAU) or allograft (OAL) transfer, or autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). In the pediatric population, there is little data on the patients undergoing these procedures or evidence to support one technique over another, which may lead to variation in preferred practice. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of children and adolescents undergoing OAU, OAL, and ACI in the United States, with attention to variation along the lines of demographic and geographic factors. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System, a national database consisting of 49 children’s hospitals, was queried for all patients undergoing OAU, OAL, and ACI between 2012 and 2018. Demographic information was collected for each subject. United States Census guidelines were used to categorize hospitals geographically into regions. Univariate analysis was followed by purposeful entry multivariate regression to adjust for confounding factors. Results: A total of 809 subjects with a mean age of 15.4±2.4 years were included in the analysis. Of these, 393 (48.6%) underwent OAL, 339 (41.9%) underwent OAU, and 77 (9.5%) underwent ACI. The most common diagnosis at the time of surgery was osteochondritis dissecans in 360 patients (44.5%) followed by an associated cruciate ligament injury in 126 (15.6%) and patellar instability in 98 (12.1%). After adjusting for confounders in a multivariate model, ACI was more 3.4 times more likely to be performed in patients with private insurance than those that were publicly insured (95% CI 1.5-7.5, p=0.002). Furthermore, a patient in this Northeast was 29.3 times more likely to undergo ACI than in the West (95% CI 4.0-217.4, p=0.001). OAU was performed most frequently in the West and Midwest (52.4% and 51.8% of the time, respectively; p<0.001). Univariate analysis also revealed differences along the lines of race, but these findings did not maintain statistical significance in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In the United States, there is substantial variation in the procedures performed for cartilage restoration in children and adolescents. Though ACI is the least commonly selected operation overall, it is significantly more likely to be performed on patients with private insurance and those in the Northeast. OAU is the most commonly performed procedure in the West and Midwest.

scholarly journals Alongshore Wind Forcing of Coastal Sea Level as a Function of Frequency

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2173-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly F. Ryan ◽  
Marlene A. Noble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Frequency Response Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Alongshore Wind

Abstract The amplitude of the frequency response function between coastal alongshore wind stress and adjusted sea level anomalies along the west coast of the United States increases linearly as a function of the logarithm (log10) of the period for time scales up to at least 60, and possibly 100, days. The amplitude of the frequency response function increases even more rapidly at longer periods out to at least 5 yr. At the shortest periods, the amplitude of the frequency response function is small because sea level is forced only by the local component of the wind field. The regional wind field, which controls the wind-forced response in sea level for periods between 20 and 100 days, not only has much broader spatial scales than the local wind, but also propagates along the coast in the same direction as continental shelf waves. Hence, it has a stronger coupling to and an increased frequency response for sea level. At periods of a year or more, observed coastal sea level fluctuations are not only forced by the regional winds, but also by joint correlations among the larger-scale climatic patterns associated with El Niño. Therefore, the amplitude of the frequency response function is large, despite the fact that the energy in the coastal wind field is relatively small. These data show that the coastal sea level response to wind stress forcing along the west coast of the United States changes in a consistent and predictable pattern over a very broad range of frequencies with time scales from a few days to several years.

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