scholarly journals NOTES ON THE EGG AND YOUNG LARVA OF ALARIA FLORIDA

1871 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Young Larva ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Young Leaves

On the 4th of July I found a number of eggs of this beautiful moth on the evening primrose, Œnothera Lamarckiana. They were found attached to the stalks of the young flower buds; to the sides of the calyx of the flower, and also to the young leaves at their base. The eggs were quite firmly fastened among the long stout hairs with which the cuticle of the calyx and flower stalk is covered.

Anarsia achrasella sp.n. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on sapodilla (Achras zapota) in northern India and Pakistan

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Anarsia Achrasella

AbstractA gelechiid moth whose larvae attack the flower buds and young leaves of sapodilla (Achras zapota), known also as chicle gum, chiko or naseberry, in northern India and Pakistan is described and named Anarsia achrasella sp.n. Wing pattern, labial palpal and genitalic features of both sexes of the adult are figured, and the species is differentiated from the closely related Afrotropical A. pinnata Meyr.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Leaf Enclosure, Transpiration, and Upper Leaf Necrosis on Lilium `Star Gazer'

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Chien Chang ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Mechanical Perturbation ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
The Relationship

Upper leaf necrosis (ULN) on Lilium `Star Gazer' has been shown to be a calcium (Ca) deficiency disorder. Initial symptoms of ULN tend to appear on leaf margins. Before flower buds are visible, young expanding leaves are congested and overlap each other on the margin. In the current study, we examined the relationship between leaf enclosure, transpiration, and upper leaf necrosis. We demonstrated that low transpiration rate and enclosure of young leaves played an important role in the occurrence of ULN. Young expanding leaves are low transpiration organs. The younger the leaf, the lower the transpiration rate and Ca concentration. Leaf enclosure further reduced transpiration of these young leaves and promoted ULN. Upper leaf necrosis was suppressed by manually unfolding the leaves using a technique we refer to as artificial leaf unfolding (ALU). ALU minimized leaf congestion, exposing leaves that were previously enclosed. We demonstrated that the effect of ALU was not the consequence of thigmomorphogenesis, as ULN was not reduced by mechanical perturbation in lieu of ALU. With ALU, transpiration of upper leaves was significantly increased and Ca concentration of the first leaf immediately below the flower buds was increased from 0.05% to 0.20%. We concluded that leaf enclosure promoted ULN occurrence, and ALU suppressed ULN primarily by increasing transpiration. The use of overhead fans to increase airflow over the tops of the plants significantly reduced both ULN incidence and severity.

NOTES ON ALYPIA MARIPOSA

1894 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 348-350
Author(s):  
John. B. Lembert
Keyword(s):  
Food Plant ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Larva Feeding

Food plant.—Clarkia elegans, etc.Egg.—Shaped like a white table squash without the scollops; usually laid on the flower buds, the young larva feeding inside on the parts of the flower; hatched in eight to eleven days.

scholarly journals L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine Accumulation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Tissues during Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Shucheng Duan ◽  
Soon Jae Kwon ◽  
You Jin Lim ◽  
Chan Saem Gil ◽  
Chengwu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Different Tissues

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-rich faba (Vicia faba L.) tissues are a potentially useful source for its pharmaceutical purpose, although the species contains health curious vicine and convicine in the seeds. We determined the contents of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine in different tissues of faba plants throughout the entire growth period. The three compounds accumulated in germinating sprouts and showed high contents at 8 days of germination, especially in the epicotyl containing 132.33 mg∙g−1 DW of L-dopa, 19.81 mg∙g−1 DW of vicine, and 10.38 mg∙g−1 DW of convicine, respectively. We compared the contents of the three compounds among leaves of different ages in plants at different growth stages. The samples could be ranked, from highest to lowest content, ranging from 11.11 to 81.82 mg∙g−1 DW, as follows: new leaves > young leaves > old leaves; and vegetative > flowering > ripening. Vicine and convicine were not detected in leaves or flowers. The L-dopa content was high in flowers, especially young flower buds, ranging from 36.51 to 100.70 mg∙g−1 DW. In older flowers, the L-dopa content tended to decrease as the calyx and petal parts developed. In addition, the three compounds showed decreasing contents in pods, stems, and roots with increasing plant age. The results of this study provide information on the timing and extent of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine accumulation in different faba tissues, and indicate that various by-products, especially new/young leaves and flowers, are potential sources of natural L-dopa.

Agave sisalana (sisal hemp).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Perianth Segment ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Basal Rosette ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Abstract Tropical succulent perennial of 1.5-2 m height, with thick leaves in a basal rosette of elongated sword-shaped leaves from the base. Stems: Two to three years after transplanting, a 20 cm tall stem is formed, which will reach a height of about 1.2 m when flowering. White, fleshy stems develop from underground buds at the base of the plant, first growing sideways and then upwards to form new plants. These new plants are known as suckers (DAFF, 2015). Trunk: The plant base is a short trunk (30-150 cm), from the top of which the spirally arranged leaves grow (DAFF, 2015). The components of the dry weight of sisal fibre are approximately 55-65% α-cellulose, 11-18% hemicelluloses, 7-15% lignin, 1% pectin and 1-8% ash (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Leaves: Stiff, heavy, persistent leaves that are 0.6-1.2 m long, 10.2-20.3 cm wide, and 2.5-10.2 cm thick when mature. Leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk, greyish-green in colour and covered by a layer of wax. Leaves contain coarse, cream-coloured or pale-yellow fibres (3%) (DAFF, 2015). Young leaves may have small spines along their margins; they disappear when the plant matures. Leaves have a terminal, dark brown, rigid, very sharp spine, 2-3 cm long. The cross-section at the base of the leaf resembles a flattened triangle (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Inflorescences: A large panicle with flowers arranged on the terminal portion in dense clusters, sessile, 4-5 cm long. Perianths with 6 segments, 6 stamens, filaments longer than the perianth segment, 3-4 cm long anthers. Style exserted, stigma 3-lobed (EOL, 2018). It only flowers once at around 2 years. Before flowering, a flower stalk of 4.5-6.0 m develops from the growth point. The flower stalk subdivides to form branches that bear the flowers. The flowers do not produce seed, but form bulbils, which are used for reproduction. Bulbils are borne in the axils of the bracteoles of the inflorescence after flowering. Flowers are yellowish green, with reddish filaments. Roots: A. sisalana has a shallow, fibrous root system up to 60 cm deep. The 2-4 mm thick root arises from leaf scars at the base of the bole beneath the soil surface, and extends up to 5 m horizontally way from the mother plant, forming suckers. These can be used for propagation (DAFF, 2015). Sisal produces subterraneous rhizomes from buds in the axils of the lower leaves. Along the rhizomes there are buds that may grow into new plants, forming colonies. Most of the roots are concentrated in the upper 40 cm of the soil, where they spread horizontally up to 5 m. A number of roots grow deeper than 40 cm, which results in good anchorage (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Fruit: This species is monocarpic (i.e., dies after fruiting). Fruits are capsules up to 6 cm long, 2-2.5 cm diameter, stipitate and beaked. Capsules rarely formed, and seeds (if any) are probably not viable. Vegetative bulbils are commonly produced below the flowers in the axils of bracts (Weber, 2003; Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2005).

scholarly journals Cellular Location of Prune dwarf virus in Almond Sections by In Situ Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Silva ◽  
Susana Tereso ◽  
Gustavo Nolasco ◽  
M. Margarida Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cellular Location ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used in young leaves (from trees and in vitro shoots) and flower buds of almond (Prunus dulcis), a stone fruit, for cellular location of Prune dwarf virus (PDV, a member of the genus Ilarvirus). Sections obtained from samples fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin were refixed in formaldehyde to increase tissue preservation in the RT-PCR steps. The coat protein gene of PDV was used as the target to produce a cDNA copy that was amplified by PCR and visualized using a direct detection method with digoxigenin-labeled nucleotides. Protein digestion, PCR, and detection strategies were optimized for increased tissue preservation and signal intensity. PDV was found in infected samples within the vascular tissue of young leaves and flower buds as well as in the mesophyll in developing floral organs and in the generative and vegetative cells of pollen grains. PDV signals were observed in a ring surrounding the nucleus and spread in the cytoplasm. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the technique optimization and PDV distribution in tissues and transmission through pollen. The optimized protocol of in situ RT-PCR is a powerful technique to reveal low-abundant RNA species. Therefore, it is appropriate to study cell and subcellular distribution of RNA viruses in woody species.

Endogenous auxin regulates the sensitivity of Dendrobium (cv. Miss Teen) flower pedicel abscission to ethylene

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnchana Rungruchkanont ◽  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Orawan Chatchawankanphanich ◽  
Wouter G. van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Ethylene Removal ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Flower Abscission

Dendrobium flower buds and flowers have an abscission zone at the base of the pedicel (flower stalk). Ethylene treatment of cv. Miss Teen inflorescences induced high rates of abscission in flower buds but did not affect abscission once the flowers had opened. It is not known if auxin is a regulator of the abscission of floral buds and open flowers. The hypotheses that auxin is such a regulator and is responsible for the decrease in ethylene sensitivity were tested. Severed inflorescences bearing 4–8 floral buds and 4–6 open flowers were used in all tests. The auxin antagonists 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA, an inhibitor of auxin transport) or 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propionic acid (CMPA, an inhibitor of auxin action) were applied to the stigma of open flowers. Both chemicals induced high flower abscission rates, even if the inflorescences were not treated with ethylene. The effects of these auxin antagonists virtually disappeared when the inflorescences were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), indicating that the abscission induced by the auxin antagonists was due to ethylene. Removal of the open flowers at the distal end of the pedicel hastened the time to abscission of the remaining pedicel, and also resulted in an increase in ethylene sensitivity. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in lanolin, placed on the cut surface of the pedicel, replaced the effect of the removed flower. Treatments that promoted abscission of open flowers up-regulated a gene encoding a β-1,4-glucanase (Den-Cel1) in the abscission zone (AZ). The abundance of Den-Cel1 mRNA was highly correlated with β-1,4-glucanase activity in the AZ. The results show that auxin is an endogenous regulator of floral bud and flower abscission and suggest that auxin might explain, at least partially, why pedicel abscission of Dendrobium cv. Miss Teen changes from very ethylene-sensitive to ethylene-insensitive.

Preparation of Mitotic and Meiotic Metaphase Chromosomes from Young Leaves and Flower Buds of Coccinia grandis

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangram Sinha ◽  
Kanika Karmakar ◽  
Ravi Devani ◽  
Jayeeta Banerjee ◽  
Rabindra Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Young Leaves

SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN SCREENING FOR COUMARIN-DEFICIENT SWEET CLOVER PLANTS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Goplen ◽  
J. E. R. Greenshields ◽  
W. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
And Storage

The loss of coumarin from sweet clover leaf samples amounted to 70 to 75% when the samples were air-dried for 10 days and 21 to 51% when oven-dried at 175° F. for one hour. Fresh leaf material placed in 2.5 N NaOH and stored in darkness at room temperature showed no loss of coumarin over a six month period but when stored in light at room temperature losses were evident: in 10 days and very heavy after six months' storage. Coumarin content was maximum in flower buds and fresh leaves from the tip of branches. Root and stem tissue and the more mature leaves from the central and lower portion of the plants were very low in coumarin. A rapid qualitative procedure is described which involves collection of fresh young leaves and storage of them in 2.5 N NaOH in the dark until they are examined in ultraviolet light. Plants classified as coumarin-deficient by this procedure were found to be void of coumarin on photofluorometric analysis.

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