SOME SPECIES OF DIPTERA INHABITING OR FREQUENTING THE WHEAT FIELDS OF THE MIDDLE WEST

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
F. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle West

The swarms of small Diptera that are to be found in the fields of fall wheat in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, during late autumn and in early spring, seldom fail to attract the attention of the entomologist who has occasion to visit these fields at the above mentioned seasons. That some species are attracted to these fields as mere visitants is indicated by the accompanying list, but that many others breed there, either upon the living or the dead portions of the wheat plants, is as clearly apparent.

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Niczyporuk ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
W. Kozdruń ◽  
Z. Mizak
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Brain

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in PolandTwo thousand one hundred and forty birds belonging to 39 different species from different locations in Poland were examined. The study has taken place from the early spring till late autumn 2007-2010 when the activity of the mosquitoes was the highest. The brain samples were taken from the birds and whole cellular RNA was isolated, then the RT-PCR and NRT-PCR were performed to detect the presence of West Nile virus (WNV). The obtained results were confirmed by the commercial WNV Kit. No genetic material of WNV was found in the examined samples.

Phellinus igniarius. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Phellinus Igniarius ◽  
Late Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus igniarius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on the trunks of Salix and Populus, also recorded on Acer, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Betula, Carpinus, Castanopsis, Cornus, Erythropheum, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Ostrya, Pericopsis, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhamnus and Ulmus. DISEASE: White heart rot. Causing a destructive decay of the general delignifying type. The decayed area becomes soft and white, bounded by conspicuous dark zones or black lines with an irregularly concentric arrangement. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Madagascar, Zambia); Asia (Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rumania, Sweden); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America (Nicaragua, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By airborne spores, which are continuously produced from early spring until late autumn when the temperature drops below 5°C (Riley, 1952). Spores remain viable for several months under field conditions (Iverson, 1968). Infection occurs mainly through branch wounds.

scholarly journals Evaluating strategies to improve glucosinolate concentration and root yield of field-grown horseradish in a Mediterranean environment: preliminary results

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Rivelli ◽  
Rosa Agneta ◽  
Christian Möllers ◽  
Susanna De Maria
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration

Horseradish is grown for its enlarged taproot that is widely used as a dish condiment and as a source of horseradish peroxidase. Nowadays, the species is gaining great interest due to the richness in bioactive compounds that besides providing a high nutritional value are tested for innovative applications in different fields. Nevertheless, the effect of crop management on root yield and glucosinolates (GLS) biosynthesis is poorly documented. Aim of this study was to evaluate the root yield and GLS concentration of two field-grown horseradish accessions (Cor and Mon) grown with nitrogen (N) alone and both N and sulphur (S) (-N-S, +N-S and +N+S treatments) and harvested at different times [late autumn (LA), 2011 and 2012, early spring (ES), 2012]. Yield increased throughout the harvests up to 48% on average of the fertilised treatments and 25% in the unfertilised control. Conversely, root GLS concentration significantly declined in the unfertilised control throughout the harvests [from 7.6 in LA_2011 to 1.43 μmol/g dry matter (DM) in LA_2012] while it highly increased in plants grown with N alone and with both N and S by 46 and 98%, respectively, from LA_2011 to ES_2012 (up to 11.9 and 21.1 μmol/g DM, respectively); then it drastically decreased by 80% on average, in the next harvest. Among individual GLS, the concentration of sinigrin and nasturtin similarly varied as effect of the analysed factors, showing the highest values in Cor accession. The data show that although the level of GLS is highly dependent on genotype, fertilisation and harvesting date may play a primary role in determining the yield and GLS concentration in horseradish root.

Attempts to detect West Nile virus in wild birds in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jowita Niczyporuk ◽  
Elżbieta Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
Wojciech Kozdruń ◽  
Zbigniew Mizak
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to attempt the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in wild birds in Poland. Forty-eight species of 1912 wild birds were used for the investigations. The birds were derived from various locations in Poland from early spring till late autumn of the years 2009–2011. The brain samples were homogenised and cellular RNA was isolated. Two methods (RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR) were used. The presence of WNV RNA was not detected in the samples examined. Additionally, a short analysis of the epizootiological situation regarding the presence of WNV in Poland is presented.

The life history of shoots of Carex lacustris

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carex Lacustris

Most shoots of Carex lacustris live for about 12–14 months, emerging in autumn, overwintering as shoots of up to 50 cm in length, and maturing during the next summer. Others emerge in early spring but both groups die in late autumn. A third class emerges in late July or August, grow to be over 50 cm in length, and die in late autumn, living only 2 or 3 months.Flower initials in this species begin growth in the September–October period and overwinter while about 1.0 cm in length. The shoots that develop inflorescences are in general longer, heavier, and have a greater basal diameter than those shoots which do not flower. More shoots flower if the water level in the marsh was high the previous year.

Distribution and dissemination of Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter in relation to the epidemiology of speckled leaf blotch of wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Brown ◽  
AW Kellock ◽  
RG Paddick
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Wheat Stubble

The distribution of M. graminicola and the dissemination of ascospores in relation to the epidemiology of speckled leaf blotch of wheat in Victoria was studied. The fungus was present on wheat stubble throughout the Victorian wheat-belt and ascospores were discharged from stubble following periods of leaf wetness caused by rain or dew. Fertile perithecia were found on 1-year-old but not 2-year-old stubble. The viability of freshly ejected ascospores remained high throughout the growing season, and when shaded from direct sunlight ascospores remained viable for 1–2 weeks after release. The main period of ascospore discharge was late autumn to early spring, during which time the daily mean number of ascospores trapped 0.3 m above a commercial wheat stubble frequently exceeded 1000/m3 air.

502. The vitamin A potency of New Zealand butter

1953 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. R. McDowell ◽  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Summer Grazing

Results of a survey of the carotene and vitamin A contents, and of the vitamin A potency, of New Zealand butterfat and butter, are presented. The butter samples were drawn from twenty representative commercial factories at fortnightly intervals over three successive years (1946–8). The survey covers the analysis of 1517 samples of fresh butter and 670 samples of stored butter.There were uniform and regularly recurring seasonal variations in both carotene and vitamin A contents of butterfats from all North Island districts. Maximum values were found in the late-autumn/winter/early-spring, and minimum values in the late-summer/early-autumn butterfats. The seasonal trends were thus distinctly different from those which have been reported for northern hemisphere butterfats, for which the maximum values are commonly found during the summer grazing period.The seasonal variations in carotene and vitamin A contents of South Island butterfat were less marked and less consistent than those in the corresponding values for North Island butterfat.

Seasonal histochemistry of the renal sexual segment in male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Water Snakes

The histochemistry of the renal sexual segment of male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.), was studied throughout the active season. This segment is hypertrophied in early spring and late autumn, coinciding with peaks in plasma androgen levels. Secretory granules, present in epithelial cells lining the kidney tubule lumen of the sexual segment, are most evident at these times. Granules stain most intensely with periodic acid – Schiff, Sudan black B, and Oil red O from snakes collected in early spring and nearly as strongly from snakes collected in late autumn. Mercuric bromphenol blue and the Millon reaction stain granules most intensely from autumn captured animals. Granules from midsummer animals stained weakly with all of the above stains. It is suggested that the renal sex segment secretion plays a dual role, one of sperm transport and capacitation (final sperm maturation in the female reproductive tract) in autumn and another related to sexual behavior in the spring.

The BBVA Bee Friendly Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 390-390
Author(s):  
John Carr
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Good Food

The British Bee Veterinary Society is encouraging all veterinary practices to do a bit for bees, by seeding an area with flowers providing good food for bees from early spring through to late autumn.

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