scholarly journals NOTES ON SOME SAWFLY LARVAE, ESPECIALLY THE XYELIDAE

1898 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison G. Dyar
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dorsal Stripe

Macrophya flavicoxae, Nort.Head light brown, almost orange on the vertex, a little dot at occiput, eye in a black spot; width, 1.8 mm. Body greenish white, not shining, a dusky black dorsal stripe and a very distinct velvet-black lateral one, broken into two square patches situated on the third and fifth annulets, connected by smoky shadings. The spots are broken up posteriorly and absent on joint 13. Dorsal band greenish black. Segments neatly annulate, feet on joints 6–12 and 13; anal plates immaculate. Towards the end of the stage the segments are faintly orange banded in the middle (on second and third annulets), the anal flap broadly orange.

INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA

1871 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
The Third ◽  
British America

This spccies is extlemely similar to C. maxillosus, and its American representative. The following circumstances principally distinguish them. The anterior angles of the prothorax in C. maxillosus are thinly cloathed with shortish black hairs; in C. villosus, these hairs are cinereous, longer, mole numerous, and cover a larger portion of the angle; in the former, the band of the elytra is whiter and wider than in the latter; in the former also the back of the abdomen, especially the third and fourth segments, is mottled with cinereous hairs; in the latter the second and third have each a cinereous band interupted in the middle; again the four first ventral segments in C. maxillosus are thickly covered with decumbent cinereous hairs, with each a lateral black spot on both sides, while in C. villosus

NEW TABANIDÆ

1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 210-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marten
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Yellowish White

Sub-genus Therisplectes.—“Eyes pubescent; ocelligerous tubercle more or less distinct; eyes (female) with three or four bright green or bluish cross-bands.”T. Californicus, n. sp. Length 17 mm. Eyes pubescent, with thin purplish bands. Front yellowish-gray; callosity nearly square, brownish, shining, prolonged above; ocelligerous tubercles brownish-black on a black spot. Face and cheeks grayish with white hairs. Palpi yellowish white with small black hairs, Antennæ reddish; annulate portion of third joint black; upper angle prominent. Thorax grayish-brown with the usual gray stripes and golden yellow pubescence; humerus reddish; pleura and pectus grayish with long white hairs. Abdomen brownish-black, sides of first four segments brownish-yellow, which color leaves a row of black irregular spots in the middle, largest on the second segment and smallest on the third; also dark oblique spots on lateral margins. Venter yellowish with yellow pubescence; darker on the last three segments. Femora black, brownish at the tip; front tibiæ dark brown, proximal end lighter; second and third tibiæ darker toward the tip; tarsi dark brown. Wings byaline; costal cell light brown; faint clouds in cross-veins and bifurcation of third vein.

scholarly journals NEW NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIDÆ

1894 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Coquillett
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
North American ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Discal Cell ◽  
Brown Band ◽  
Cross Vein

Trypeta (Acidia) tortile, n. sp., æ. Wholly yellow except a black dot above each wing; ovipositor brown; bristles black; scutellum bearing four bristles; thorax and abdomen shining; ovipositor flat, very borad, nearly as long as the last two abdominal segments. Wings hyaline, the anal cell, bases of marginal, sub-marginal, and of the final basal cell, also the apex of the second basal cell, yellow; a black spot on furcation of the second and thrid veins, and one on lower half of vein at apex of anal cell; a brown band commences on cossta between apices of auxiliary and of first vein, and extends to the discal cell, going over the small cross-vein and continuing as a yellowish streak into the discal cell; a second brown band commences on the costa between apices of the first and second veins, and crosses the wing, passing over the posterior crossvein, and near its terminus sending a spur into the third posterior cell; apex of wing from slightly before apex of the second vein to beyond tip of fourth vein, brown; first and third veins bristly. Length, 5 mm. Washington (O. B. Johnson). A single specimen.

scholarly journals Control of Guignardia citricarpa by Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Cristina Kupper ◽  
Élida Barbosa Corrêa ◽  
Cristiane Moretto ◽  
Wagner Bettiol ◽  
Antonio de Goes
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Citrus Black Spot

The ability of isolates of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp. to control citrus black spot (CBS) was investigated in ´Natal´ sweet orange orchards. The first experiment was conducted during the 2001/2002 season and four isolates of B. subtilis (ACB-AP3, ACB-69, ACB-72 and ACB-77), applied every 28 days, alone or in combination were tested and compared with fungicide treatments. Two other experiments were carried out during the 2002/2003 season, where the same isolates of Bacillus and two isolates of Trichoderma (ACB-14 and ACB-40) were tested being applied every 28 days in the second experiment, and every 15 days in the third experiment. In the first experiment, the treatment with ACB-69 differed statistically from the control, but did not differ from other biological control agents or mixture of Bacillus isolates. In the second experiment, the treatments with ACB-69 and ACB-AP3 resulted in smaller disease index compared with the control treatment. However, this result was not repeated in the third experiment, where the isolates were applied every 15 days. Disease severity was high in both evaluated seasons and the fungicide treatment was the most effective for disease control.

STUDIES IN THE ELATERIDAE II

1933 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Lateral Margin ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basal Half ◽  
Transverse Area

Length 6.2 mm.; width 1.9 mm. Form of vespertinus Fab. Head black; pronotum reddish-yellow with an oval median black spot, the spot attaining the apical and basal margins and occupying about three-eights of the pronotal area: scutellum black; elytra reddish-yellow, each elytron with a median blackish stripe; the stripe not quite attaining the base, including the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth intervals in its basal half, a little narrower apically except at apical fourth where it extends almost to the lateral margin, attaining the suture along its apical third; the sutural interval blackish in basal fourth; prothoracic flanks reddish-yellow; prosternum black, a transverse area just behind the lobe and the intercoxal process reddish-yellow ; metasternum and posterior coxae black, the median line of he former reddish-yellow; abdomen dark reddish-brown, the apical segment and margins paler; antennae, legs and palpi pale yellow; integuments highly polished throughout, clothed with inconspicuous yellow hairs.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTIONS OF SAWFLY LARVÆ

1899 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Chester Young
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Black Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anal Area ◽  
Yellowish White

Macroxyela ferruginea.—Larva is about 1.5 cm. long and caterpillar-like, green with yellowish-white markings, prolegs on every abdominal segment, anal area smooth and concolorous with the body antennæ six-jointed. Feeds on Ulmus mericana.Head green; antennæ green, except three brown distal joints and a brown ring around the middle of the second and third joints; mandibles rufous at the tips; ocelli black. Body green, with the following parts yellowish-white; two dorsal strpies, a substigmatal line extending along the substigmatal fold of skin from the head to about the third or fourth abdominal segment and the tubercles; a ventral line of pearly white extending from head to 4th abdominal segment.

A new species of sardine, Sardinella electra (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4565 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUTAKA HATA ◽  
HIROYUKI MOTOMURA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
A New Species

A new species of sardine, Sardinella electra, is described on the basis of 18 specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species closely resembles Sardinella hualiensis (Chu & Tsai 1958) in that both species have a caudal fin with black tips, a black spot on the dorsal-fin origin, and both have lateral scales with centrally continuous or overlapping longitudinal striae. However, the new species is distinguished from S. hualiensis by its higher total gill-raker counts on the first, second, third and fourth gill arches, and on the posterior face of the third gill arch (105–121, 107–120, 88–104, 65–82, and 25–31, respectively, vs. 87–107, 83–105, 67–90, 53–69, and 13–27), and in having scales with few perforations and lacking pores posteriorly (vs. scales with numerous perforations and pores on their posterior margins). 

scholarly journals Field Sprays of Bacillus subtilis and Fungicides for Control of Preharvest Fruit Diseases of Avocado in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Korsten ◽  
E. E. De Villiers ◽  
F. C. Wehner ◽  
J. M. Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sooty Blotch ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Second Year

In 3 consecutive years, preharvest applications of Bacillus subtilis field sprays integrated with copper oxychloride or benomyl consistently reduced severity of avocado black spot (BS), caused by Pseudocercospora purpurea at Omega, Republic of South Africa. Control was equal to that obtained with copper oxychloride or benomyl-copper oxychloride in the first and third years of spraying at Omega. In the second year, only the integrated treatment controlled BS, while copper oxychloride proved ineffective. The antagonist was applied on its own or integrated with copper oxychloride sprays at two other geographically distinct locations, Westfalia Estate and Waterval. The integrated and biological treatments at these localities were less effective than copper oxychloride sprays in controlling BS disease. Integrated control was more effective than B. subtilis sprays at Westfalia. On continuation of the biological spray program at Waterval for an additional three seasons, control was as effective as copper oxychloride in the last 2 years of spraying. Sooty blotch (SB), caused by an Akaropeltopsis sp., was reduced by the integrated treatment at Omega during the second season and at Westfalia during the first season. Although the two fungicide treatments reduced SB at Omega in the first season, copper oxychloride increased it above that of the control in the third season. Only the copper oxychloride treatment reduced SB at Waterval in the third season, while the B. subtilis treatment increased disease above that of the control in the fourth season.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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