Larval morphology of genus Lancetes (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae): the hypothesis of sister-group relationship with the subfamily Dytiscinae revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Miguel Archangelsky ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Chris H.S. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Parsimonious Tree

AbstractDescriptions of the larvae of Lancetes angusticollis (Curtis), L. lanceolatus (Clark), L. subseriatus Zimmermann, L. flavoscutatus Enderlein, L. delkeskampi Ríha, and L. nigriceps (Erichson) are provided. Characters from larval morphology are analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lancetes Sharp with other genera of Dytiscidae. A parsimony analysis based on 51 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the program NONA. The most parsimonious tree supports a sister-group relationship between the genus Lancetes and members of the subfamily Dytiscinae. The only unambiguous synapomorphy in support of this hypothesis is the secondary subdivision of some cephalic appendages. Other putative synapomorphies are the proximal articulation of the primary seta CO7 both on meso- and meta-coxa and the presence of additional primary setae on the ventral margin of the tibiae. Based on several character states including the presence of multifragmented urogomphi, the genus Lancetes is monophyletic.

Cuticular morphology of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae): implications for the phylogenetic relationships of Nematocera

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Cuticular Structure

The cuticular structure of larval mountain midges (Diptera: Deuterophlebiidae) is described, with emphasis on cranial and mouthpart morphology. Homologies are suggested for musculature and external features of the head capsule. External morphology of the thorax and abdomen is described, and a system for deuterophlebiid larval chaetotaxy is presented. Also included is a discussion of the feeding behaviour of deuterophlebiid and blepharicerid larvae, and how differing morphological characteristics influence mechanisms of food acquisition. Larval morphology of the Deuterophlebiidae and other Nematocera provides support for (i) a sister-group relationship between the Deuterophlebiidae and Blephariceridae; (ii) a monophyletic Blephariceromorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent) composed of the Nymphomyiidae + (Deuterophlebiidae + Blephariceridae); and (iii) a sister-group relationship between the Blephariceromorpha and Psychodomorpha (sensu Wood and Borkent).

Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Michael Balke ◽  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescriptions of the larval instars of four genera (12 species) of the dytiscid subfamily Laccophilinae, Laccophilus Leach, Neptosternus Sharp, Australphilus Watts and Africophilus Guignot, are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis, based on the 13 informative larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. The genus Africophilus is postulated to represent the sister-group of a clade comprised of Laccophilus + (Neptosternus + Australphilus) which is supported by, (i) primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all legs, (ii) presence of natatory setae, (iii) metatibia + metatarsus very elongated, and (iv) elongated urogomphi.

Phylogenetic relationships, larval morphology, and chaetotaxy of the subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano C. Michat ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
Tracheal Gills

AbstractLarval morphology of the monogeneric subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) is described and illustrated in detail, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae ofCoptotomusSay are unique within Dytiscidae in the presence of tracheal gills on the abdominal segments I–VI, a short bifid horn or nasale in instar I, long spinulae on the urogomphus in instar I, and rows of natatory setae on both the internal and external margins of the urogomphus in instars II and III. A cladistic analysis based on 125 larval characters sampled among representatives of other dytiscid subfamilies supports a sister-group relationship between Coptotominae and Laccophilinae based on the shared absence of setae LA10 and LA12 on the second labial palpomere and of pore ABc on the abdominal segment VIII. The clade Coptotominae + Laccophilinae resolved as sister to Lancetinae, all three subfamilies sharing the presence of an unusually low number of lamellae clypeales in the first instar (a condition called four-peg-pattern), postulated to have evolved secondarily within Dytiscidae.

On the spider genus Weintrauboa (Araneae, Pimoidae), with a description of a new species from China and comments on its phylogenetic relationships

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1814 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HORMIGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
A New Species

Weintrauboa yele new species (Pimoidae) is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in China. The taxonomic status and distribution of Weintrauboa insularis (Saito, 1935) new combination and of W. chikunii (Oi, 1979) are discussed and the former species is illustrated based on specimens from the Sakhalin islands. Parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of Weintrauboa and for its sister group relationship to the genus Putaoa Hormiga and Tu, 2008. Some comments on the phylogenetic placement of the recently erected family “Sinopimoidae” are provided.

Re-descriptions of larvae of Hoperius and Meladema and phylogenetic implications for the tribe Colymbetini (Coleoptera Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Samantha Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Segment Viii

New descriptions of the larvae of <em>Meladema lanio</em> (Fabricius), <em>M</em>. <em>coriacea</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius planatus </em>Fall are provided. Characters from larval morphology are analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genera <em>Meladema</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius</em> Fall with other genera of the tribe Colymbetini (Colymbetinae). Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> are unique among other Colymbetini being characterized by the presence of a variable number of additional setae along the dorsal margin of both femora and tibiae. Larvae of <em>Hoperius</em> reveal to be remarkably modified and autapomorphic being characterized by a short antennomere II, the presence of a variable number of secondary setae on antennomeres I - II and maxillary palpomere, an elongate maxillary palpus, and a narrow and elongate mandible. A parsimony analysis based on 30 informative larval characters is carried out. Whereas the 12 most parsimonious trees support the placement of <em>Meladema</em> as sister to <em>Neoscutopterus</em> J. Balfour-Browne, the relative position of Hoperius remains unresolved within the Colymbetini. Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> share with those of <em>Neoscutopterus</em>: (i) the presence of additional setae both on the frontoclypeus and parietale, (ii) the presence of a large number of secondary setae on trochantera, (iii) the absence of spinulae along ventral margin of mesotibia and mesotarsus and (iv) the presence of additional setae both on abdominal segment VIII.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE OF ELEVEN NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HYGROTUS STEPHENS (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLETIC RELATIONSHIPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alarie ◽  
P.P. Harper ◽  
R.E. Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA systematic analysis of larvae of 11 Nearctic species of Hygrotus Stephens was undertaken. The larvae are described and characterized; a key for their discrimination and illustrations of structural features of representatives of first- and third-instar larvae are provided. Many structural features, especially detailed variations in the chaetotaxy of cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for systematic and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 21 larval characters, a cladistic analysis of the species studied was developed. A sister-group relationship between H. laccophilinus (LeConte) and the remaining available species is suggested. The less derived species, i.e. those without natatory setae on the legs, appear phylogenetically more closely related to the larvae of Hydroporus s.str. Hygrotus masculinus (Crotch) is the most derived species of the genus and, for many characters, seems more closely related to Hyphydrini. According to larval morphology, it is hypothesized that the genus Hygrotus diverged posteriorly to the genus Hydroporus Clairville.

A new species of Protopsychoda Azar et al., 1999 from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
DANY AZAR ◽  
SIBELLE MAKSOUD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Separate Family ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
A New Species

Psychodidae Newman, 1834 is a large family of small, hairy nematoceran dipterans, comprising more than 2,600 described extant species. It is currently subdivided into seven subfamilies: Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920, Horaiellinae Enderlein, 1936, Phlebotominae Rondani, 1840, Psychodinae Newman, 1834, Sycoracinae Jung, 1954, Trichomyiinae Tonnoir, 1922, and the fossil subfamily Protopsychodinae Stebner et al., 2015. Some authors consider the group to consist of two families, i.e., Psychodidae and Phlebotomidae (Williams, 1993; Azar et al., 1999). This fact is founded only on the hematophagous and medically important aspects of the phlebotomines, nevertheless this arrangement is unfounded, because the phylogenetic relationships between the psychodid subfamilies remain unresolved, even if there is a possible sister-group relationship between the Phlebotominae and Psychodinae (Curler & Moulton, 2012). We consider recognizing phlebotomines as a separate family would necessitate also giving separate familial status to all the currently recognized subfamilies, which is not adopted here.

On Putaoa, a new genus of the spider family Pimoidae (Araneae) from China, with a cladistic test of its monophyly and phylogenetic placement

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1792 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HORMIGA ◽  
LIHONG TU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

The spider genus Putaoa new genus (Araneae, Pimoidae) is described to place two species of pimoids from China, Putaoa huaping new species (the type species) and P. megacantha (Xu & Li, 2007) new combination. Parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of Putaoa and for its sister group relationship to the genus Weintrauboa Hormiga, 2003 and corroborates the monophyly of Pimoidae.

Larvae and pupae of Dascillidae (Coleoptera): morphological study and discussion of their relationships to Scarabaeoidea and Eulichadidae

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke Scholtz ◽  
Vasily Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar

AbstractExternal morphology of late-instar larvae and pupae of the coleopteran family Dascillidae is revised. Larvae studied for Dascillus Latreille with two species from Europe and North America, Notodascillus Carter from Australia and Pleolobus Philippi from Chile; pupae studied for D. davidsoni LeConte. Larval diagnosis and description of the family are updated. Dascillid larvae exhibit little morphological variation and share eight apparently apomorphic characters. Widely accepted sister-group relationship between Dascillidae and Rhipiceridae is not supported with larval morphology because ectoparasitic larvae of Rhipiceridae are poorly known and apparently highly modified morphologically. The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is unlikely to be a close relative of Dascillidae since this hypothesis is based mainly on habitat-dependent convergences of soil-dwellers (grub-like body shape, reduced stemmata) or possible symplesiomorphic similarities. Ten similarities between larvae of Dascillidae and Eulichadidae (Dryopoidea) were found. Some of these are possibly synapomorphies of these two groups. Larval and pupal morphology of Dascillidae is illustrated by 26 drawings.

Phylogenetic relationships in the lizard genus Diplodactylus Gray and resurrection of Lucasium Wermuth (Gekkota, Diplodactylidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Oliver ◽  
Mark N. Hutchinson ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Species Groups

Diplodactylid geckos offer a model system for investigating the biogeographic history of Australia and adaptive radiations in the arid zone, but there is considerable uncertainty in the systematics of several key genera. We used sequence data from mitochondrial DNA to carry out a comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relationships of geckos in the genus Diplodactylus. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were highly concordant and allocated all species to one of two monophyletic clades, one comprising the species placed in the vittatus and conspicillatus species groups, the other comprising species placed in the stenodactylus and steindachneri species groups, plus D. byrnei, formerly in the vittatus group. The distinctness of these two clades is supported by external morphology of the digits, body and limb proportions, and osteology of the bones in the orbital region, and we use these characters to formally define the two clades as genera. We revive and expand the genus Lucasium for D. byrnei, D. steindachneri and the stenodactylus group, with the other species staying in a redefined Diplodactylus. The monotypic Rhynchoedura is distinct from Lucasium, although the Bayesian mtDNA analysis (but not parsimony) gives some support for a sister-group relationship between Lucasium and Rhynchoedura. Molecular data suggest that each of these clades represents a distinct radiation into semiarid and arid terrestrial habitats during the mid-Tertiary, well before the hypothesised Pliocene onset of major aridification.

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