Sex attractants and seasonal flight patterns for three Eucosma (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) species sympatric in eastern pine seed orchards and plantations

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Grant ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
D. Langevin ◽  
S.A. Katovich ◽  
K.N. Slessor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms

AbstractSex attractant blends were developed for monitoring three conifer-feeding species of Eucosma Hübner found in pine seed orchards and plantations in Wisconsin and Ontario. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, which attacks developing cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae), preferred lures containing 100:5:15 (μg blend) of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac), (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol (Z9-12:OH), respectively, over lures without the alcohol or with higher levels of E9-12:Ac. This blend was unattractive to sympatric Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, a species that feeds inside shoots of red pine and eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. Eucosma gloriola was attracted to a 100:30 blend of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no significant effect. Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, which attacks cones of eastern white pine, was attracted equally to 10:3 and 10:5 μg blends of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no effect. A ratio as low as 1:0.3 was attractive to E. tocullionana but not to sympatric E. gloriola, which preferred a 100-fold higher dosage of the same blend. The seasonal flight periods of the three species overlapped in all study areas. The flight of E. gloriola usually peaked in late May slightly before that of E. monitorana while the flight of E. tocullionana peaked about 1–3 weeks later. The results indicate that sex pheromones, seasonal flight periods, and host preferences are isolating mechanisms for these closely related sympatric species.

USE OF THE RELATIVE TURGIDITY TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF WATER STRESSES IN GYMNOSPERM LEAVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Clausen ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Sampling Variation

Adaptations of Weatherley's relative turgidity technique (Weatherley 1950), fitting it for use with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (P. strobus L.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) are described. Results of preliminary investigations of sampling variation between trees, whorls, and needle ages in red pine are presented.

Surface burning in a mature stand of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus in Michigan: effects on understory vegetation

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Neumann ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Surface Burning

Beginning in 1991, periodic surface fires (frontal fire intensities <200 kW m–1) were introduced into a mixed red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.) plantation (dbh 16–60 cm). Replicated plots of 0.4–0.5 ha were either burned three times at biennial intervals (early May of 1991, 1993, and 1995), burned once (early May 1991), or not burned. Measurements were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. The pine overstory was largely unaffected by the fires. The understory on unburned plots contained 16 111 large seedlings (>1 m, ≤ 1.9 cm dbh) and 3944 saplings (2.0–5.9 cm dbh) per ha, consisting of 23 woody angiosperm taxa. Plots burned once contained 60% of the large seedlings, 7% of the saplings, and 6 fewer taxa than unburned plots. No large seedlings and few saplings were found in plots burned biennially. Cover of low (<1 m) woody and herbaceous vegetation in plots burned once or three times was twice that of unburned plots, even in the growing season immediately following the May 1995 re-burn. Recovery of low vegetative cover in the re-burned plots was rapid, exceeding that in once-burned or unburned plots by late summer following the burn. Species richness of low vegetation was 20–25% higher in burned than unburned plots, except in the year immediately following reburning. Taxa dominating this site following burning were Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Rubus spp., Phytolacca americana L., and Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. MÜll.) Watt. Restoration of low-intensity surface fires to ecosystems dominated by mature red pine or white pine is feasible, but major changes in understory structure and composition will occur.

Response of Pityophthorus puberulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to pheromones and terpenes

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Brauner ◽  
Peter de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Conophthorus Coniperda

AbstractIn field studies conducted to improve trapping programs for the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), a twig beetle, Pityophthorus puberulus (LeConte), a common associate of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae), in seed orchards, was also captured. In these experiments, P. puberulus was attracted to traps containing the sex pheromone pityol with or without the monoterpenes (−)-α-pinene and (−)-β-pinene, but attraction to traps was inhibited when S-(−)-limonene was present. We speculate that limonene may play an important role in host recognition and suitability, by indicating a resource suitable for C. coniperda but unsuitable for P. puberulus.

scholarly journals Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. McRae ◽  
Timothy J. Lynham ◽  
Robert J. Frech
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

The alarming loss of forested areas containing red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in eastern Canada is a situation that must be addressed promptly by changing management approaches. Since the ecological role of fire in the regeneration and perpetuation of these pines is well known, it makes sense to use fire to maintain pine ecosystems through forest management that uses an understory prescribed burn program. Fears of fire escape and a poor knowledge of applying fire correctly to these ecosystems are the result of poor training in the use of prescribed fire, which normally concentrates solely on post-harvest slash sites; this has prevented extensive use of understory prescribed burning in the past. However, research in Canada, principally using the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System coupled with the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, allows forest managers to develop burning prescriptions that are safe and economical while meeting objectives for seedbed preparation, natural seeding and control of competing vegetation. Key words: crown scorching, eastern white pine, fire, natural regeneration, red pine, seedbed preparation, understory prescribed burning, vegetation control.

Effets du brûlage dirigé et du scarifiage sur l'établissement des semis et sur leur interaction avec la végétation concurrente

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Tellier ◽  
Luc C. Duchesne ◽  
Robert S. McAlpine ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Clear Cut

In 1990, a jack pine forest was clear-cut on an 15 ha area and divided into 40 plots. In 1991, ten plots were burned-over under varying conditions to obtain different fire intensities and ten plots were scarified. Each plot was planted in 1992 with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.) seedlings. Survival rate and health of the seedlings was evaluated for the first two years after planting and the non-crop vegetation was assessed using a competition index developed for conifer management in Ontario. Our results show seedling survival rate, health, biomass and height to be improved when planted on burned-over or scarified sites and that fire intensity influences certain of those characteristics. Key words: scarification, fire, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, competition

scholarly journals Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker ◽  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
Steven G. Newmaster ◽  
Ken A. Elliott ◽  
Eric Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
White Ash

The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume were positively correlated with thinning intensity and the size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments, but was significantly higher in white ash and white pine than red oak. Understory vegetation included 113 species, with species richness increasing with thinning intensity and proximity to neighbouring plant communities. Thinning to create relatively large canopy openings in combination with underplanting can promote the natural succession of young pine plantations to native forest species. Keywords: direct seeding, plant diversity, natural regeneration, red oak, restoration, white ash, white pine

Chronicle of white pine and red pine research at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stiell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Forest History ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Forestry Research

Research dealing with eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute is traced from its inception in 1918 to the present. Individual studies are described briefly, together with the names of the scientists who conducted them and the titles of publications which ensued. Key words: Forest history, forestry research, white pine, red pine, Canadian Forest Service, Petawawa National Forestry Institute

Taxonomy and Biology of Pineus strobi (Hartig) and P. coloradensis (Gillette) (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Doane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Western United States ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Related Form ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Unidentified Species

During 1958 a general infestation of Pineus coloradensis (Gillette) was observed on red or Norway pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. This insect is widely distributed throughout western United States where it attacks a number of pines. The Annand collection has a slide with specimens of P. coloradensis (Gillette) taken from red pine on the Universitv of California campus dated February 10, 1925. However, there are few reports of any Pineus species attacking red pine in its natural range from the region of the Great Lakes to the Atlantic coast. Shenefelt and Benjamin (1955) have reported the white pine bark aphid or a closely related form on red pines in Wisconsin. Bean and Godwin (1955) also mentioned the presence of an unidentified species of Pineus on red pine.

Deterioration of Fire-Killed Pine in Ontario and the Causal Wood-Boring Beetles

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Wood Boring

In 1948, the Mississagi region of northern Ontario was swept by a niajor conflagration that began on May 25 and which, because of dry weather conditions, was not brought under control until July 23. When the fire had been extinguished, it was found to have spread over 57 townships, or 281,388 acres in all. Officers of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests estimated that approximately 75 per cent of the fire area bore mature stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.). Salvage operations began immediately in an effort to save this vast amount of valuable timber.

A NEW LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECT INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION

1877 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Small Larva ◽  
White Pine

In the months of June and July the Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) and the white Pine (Pinus strobus) show by the exuding pitch that they are suffering from the attacks of an insect. The wounds occur on the main stem below, the insertion of the branch. On cutting into the bark the injury is found to be caused by a small larva, which, when full grown, measures 16 to 18 millimetres. The head is shining chestnut brown with black mandibles. The body is livid or blackish green, naked, with series of black dots, each dot giving rise to a single, rather stout, bristle.

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