Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Marshall ◽  
H.M.A. Thistlewood ◽  
P.J. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractIn Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.

On a new predatory Mite of economic Importance

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Owen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
The Family

The biology and systematics of the predatory mites of the family Laelaptidae have received increased attention since they have been shown to be of importance in the control of phytophagous mites, especially Tetranychidae, resistant to modern insecticides. The predatory mites of economic importance are almost entirely confined to the sub–family Phytoseiinae Berl., 1910.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

Influence of Various Numbers of Prey on Rate of Development, Oviposition, and Longevity of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the Laboratory

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Phytophagous Mites

The predacious mites of the subfamily Phytoseiinae are common predators of the phytophagous mites in apple orchards in Nova Scotia. There is little information in the literature on the value of these predators in the control of phytophagous mites or on the food necessary for their development and reproduction. Ballard (1953) found that at 78°F. at least two males of Tetranychus bimaculatus Har. were required daily by Typhlodroms fallacis (Garm.) to complete the protonymphal or the deutonymphal instar. The males and mated females consumed daily an average of 3.9 and 7.5 males respectively from the larva1 to the adult stage. Chant (1960) found that T. pyri required 25 larvae of Panonychus ulmi (Koch), during 26 days to complete development at 64°F. in the absence of plant material or free water. These authors did not study the effects of different amounts of food on the development of these two species of phytoseiids.

Predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family in integrated and ecological pest management systems in orchards in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Praslička ◽  
Andrea Barteková ◽  
Janka Schlarmannová ◽  
Radovan Malina
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Phytoseiulus Macropilis ◽  
The Family

AbstractDuring 2005–2007, 1,332 individuals of predatory mites were found in integrated and ecological orchards in Slovakia. Seven predatory mite species of the family Phytoseiidae, namely Phytoseius echinus, Phytoseiulus macropilis, Euseius finlandicus, Typhlodromus pyri, Paraseiulus triporus, Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulella tiliarum, were identified. Out of 1,332 individuals, 519 (39.0%) were found in the apple orchards and 813 (61.0%) in the pear orchards. Out of all predatory mite individuals, 460 (34.5%) were found in the integrated pest management system (IPM) and 872 (65.5%) in the ecological pest management system (EPM). In apple orchards, P. echinus was dominant and constituted 49.3% of the detected mites. In pear orchards, E. finlandicus was dominant and constituted 48.7% of the detected mites. Typhlodromus pyri was also abundant, especially in pear orchards. The other species were less abundant.

PLICTRAN AS AN ORCHARD ACARICIDE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Metaseiulus Occidentalis ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractPlictran (tricyclohexyltin hydroxide) was very effective against the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), when applied at the pink bud stage of apple bud development. Plictran as a summer spray was not so effective because a small number of phytophagous mites survived. Plictran, however, is low in toxicity to the predaceous phytoseiids Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhloseiopsis sp. near arboreus (Chant), and these predators increased on the surviving phytophagous mites. Because of this selective action, Plictran is a very promising acaricide for use in integrated mite control programs.

scholarly journals Availability of alternative foods can influence the impact of pesticides on predatory mites (Acari): a summary of the evidence*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLO DUSO ◽  
ALBERTO POZZEBON ◽  
MARIO BALDESSARI ◽  
VINCENZO GIROLAMI ◽  
GINO ANGELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Grape Downy Mildew ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Mite Communities ◽  
The Impact

Generalist predatory mites belonging to the Phytoseiidae play a major role in keeping phytophagous mites below economic threshold levels in European apple orchards and vineyards. Apart from their primary prey, these phytoseiids can exploit a range of other foods, among which pollen and plant pathogenic fungi are very important. The ability of generalist predatory mites to feed on alternative foods is of importance for their persistence in perennial crops. Pesticides can exert dramatic effects on mite communities, and these effects can be more severe on predators than on phytophagous mites, with practical consequences for pest management. Several factors of intrinsic (e.g. resistance to stress) and extrinsic nature (e.g. immigration) can influence the response of predatory mite populations to pesticide applications. Environmental conditions, in particular availability of alternative foods, could affect the resilience of predatory mite populations after pesticide applications. Here we evaluate the role of availability of alternative foods on the response of predatory mite populations to pesticide applications in two crop systems: apple and grape. In the former, increasing the abundance of pollen through appropriate grass management resulted in less pronounced negative effects of some insecticides on the predatory mite Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans). In a controlled laboratory experiment, we demonstrated that availability of fresh pollen reduced the effect of pesticides on the fecundity of that predator. In the grape system, we found a positive effect of the plant pathogen grape downy mildew (GDM) on Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) populations, while some pesticides had a negative impact. GDM availability on plants favored the colonization by beneficial mites of pesticide treated plants with positive implications for mite persistence in vineyards.

EFFECTS OF LOW APPLICATION RATES OF THE PYRETHROID PP321 ON THE APPLE ORCHARD MITE COMPLEX (ACARI) IN ONTARIO

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractThe impacts of the pyrethroid PP321 on the mite fauna in an apple orchard were studied at the Smithfield Experimental Farm of Agriculture Canada, Ontario, from 1988 to 1989. Two predacious mites, the phytoseiid Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and the stigmaeid Zetzellia mali (Ewing), were affected by pyrethroid applications. The highest numbers of predators were found in untreated trees, and the lowest numbers were found in the trees treated with the higher rate of the pyrethroid (P < 0.05). Zetzellia mali has roughly the same susceptibility to PP321 as does A. fallacis. Two species of tetranychid phytophagous mites, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were positively associated with pyrethroid applications. Significantly higher numbers of these mites were found in the pyrethroid-treated trees than in untreated ones (P < 0.05). Another phytophagous mite, the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae), was strongly suppressed by PP321 applications. Lower rate applications of the pyrethroid allowed more predators to survive, and resulted in lower abundances of tetranychid mites than did the higher rate. Therefore, reduced rates of pyrethroids may prove to be compatible with integrated control of spider mites in apple orchards.

Mites (Arachnida: Acari) associated with plants of family Myrtaceae from the Caatinga Domain, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-956
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Rodrigues ◽  
Imeuda P. Furtado ◽  
Antônio C. Lofego
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Mite Family ◽  
Collection Sites

The objective of the present study was to determine the mite fauna associated with Myrtaceae from Cariri, a microregion with peculiar climatic conditions in the center of the Caatinga Domain in northeastern Brazil. Samples were collected in eight municipalities in Cariri region. In each municipality, five collection sites equidistant at approximately 10 km were established. The sampling was carried out in two periods, rainy season (March to April 2013) and dry season (September to October 2013). A total of 3.831 mites distributed in 14 families, 39 genera and 46 species were recorded. The Phytoseiidae was the dominant predatory mite family with 11 species. The most common phytoseiid species was Euseius concordis (Chant), followed by Euseius citrifolius Demark & Muma and Euseius alatus De Leon. Among the phytophagous mites, two families were the most abundant: Tenuipalpidae and Tetranychidae. Our results indicated that Myrtaceae in Caatinga Domains hosts a considerable diversity of potentially important predatory mites for the control of phytophagous species.

scholarly journals The assessment of resistance of the acarocomplex formed on apple tree against the background of pesticide treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Н.В. Алейникова ◽  
Т.С. Рыбарева ◽  
Л.П. Ягодинская
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Phytophagous Mites

Клещи-фитофаги ежегодно наносят существенный вред промышленным плодовым культурам, наиболее повреждаемой из них является яблоня. Многократное применение химических препаратов в защите от вредителей не только оказывает пестицидный прессинг на агроценоз, но и нарушает экосистему плодовых насаждений, что проявляется в смене одних видов другими, влияет на биоразнообразие, снижает численность полезных членистоногих и приводит к появлению резистентных к пестицидам рас клещей. Целью исследований являлась разработка и испытание системы защиты интенсивных яблоневых садов Красногвардейского и Нижнегорского районов Республики Крым от клещей сем. Tetranychidae - боярышникового Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), красного плодового Panonychus ulmi (Koch) с помощью хищных клещей-фитосейид Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) и Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). Производственные испытания системы проводились в 2019-2020 гг. на участках, где в 2015-2018 гг. был сформирован акарокомплекс методами наводнения и сезонной колонизации. После формирования акарокомплекса была проведена оценка его устойчивости к токсическому действию применяемых в хозяйствах средств защиты растений. Исследованиями установлено, что сформированный в течение трех лет акарокомплекс хищных клещей позволил снизить численность диапаузирующих самок A. viennensis на 87 % и плотность популяции вредителей в летний период, предотвратить вспышку численности фитофагов в весенний период 2019-2020 гг. Доказано, что препарат из класса пиретроидов с действующим веществом тау-флювалинат снижает численность хищников на 99 %. Частичное восстановление плотности популяции за счет миграции аборигенных видов хищников наблюдалось через 2-3 месяца. Вспышка численности клещей-фитофагов на участках, где был сформирован акарокомплекс хищных клещей, происходит из-за применения токсичных для них препаратов и появления резистентных к акарицидам рас клещей-фитофагов. Phytophagous mites annually cause significant damage to commercial fruit crops, the most damaged of which is the apple tree. Repeated use of chemical preparations in protection against pests does not only exert pesticide pressure on agrocenosis, but also affects the ecosystem of fruit plantings, replacing one species with others, influencing biodiversity, reducing the number of helpful arthropods and causing the emergence of pesticide-resistant mite races. The aim of the research was to develop and test the system of protecting intensive apple orchards of Krasnogvardeisky and Nizhnegorsky districts of the Republic of Crimea from mites of Tetranychidae family - hawthorn mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) with the help of predatory phytoseiidae mites Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). In-process system tests were carried out in 2019-2020 on plots where in 2015-2018 the acarocomplex was formed using methods of population development and seasonal colonization. After the acarocomplex formation, an assessment of its resistance to toxic effect of plant protecting agents used in farms was carried out. The studies confirmed that the acarocomplex of predatory mites developed in three years allowed to reduce the number of diapausing females of A. viennensis by 87% and the pest population density in the summer period, to prevent outbreak of phytophagous population in the spring period of 2019-2020. It was proven that pyrethroid class preparation with the active ingredient tau-fluvalinat reduced the number of predators by 99%. Partial recovery of the population density due to the migration of native species of predators was observed in 2-3 months. Outbreak of the number of phytophagous mites on the plots where the acarocomplex of predatory mites was developed was due to the use of toxic preparations and the appearance of resistant to acaricides phytophagous mite races.

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