EFFECTS OF LOW APPLICATION RATES OF THE PYRETHROID PP321 ON THE APPLE ORCHARD MITE COMPLEX (ACARI) IN ONTARIO

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractThe impacts of the pyrethroid PP321 on the mite fauna in an apple orchard were studied at the Smithfield Experimental Farm of Agriculture Canada, Ontario, from 1988 to 1989. Two predacious mites, the phytoseiid Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and the stigmaeid Zetzellia mali (Ewing), were affected by pyrethroid applications. The highest numbers of predators were found in untreated trees, and the lowest numbers were found in the trees treated with the higher rate of the pyrethroid (P < 0.05). Zetzellia mali has roughly the same susceptibility to PP321 as does A. fallacis. Two species of tetranychid phytophagous mites, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were positively associated with pyrethroid applications. Significantly higher numbers of these mites were found in the pyrethroid-treated trees than in untreated ones (P < 0.05). Another phytophagous mite, the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae), was strongly suppressed by PP321 applications. Lower rate applications of the pyrethroid allowed more predators to survive, and resulted in lower abundances of tetranychid mites than did the higher rate. Therefore, reduced rates of pyrethroids may prove to be compatible with integrated control of spider mites in apple orchards.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

scholarly journals Field and greenhouse evaluation of spirodiclofen against Panonychus ulmi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Serbia*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEJAN MARCIC ◽  
SLAVKA MUTAVDZIC ◽  
IRENA MEDJO ◽  
MIRJANA PRIJOVIC ◽  
PANTELIJA PERIC
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Application Rates

Spirodiclofen, an acaricide with a novel mode of action (inhibition of lipid synthesis), has recently been commercialized and recommended as a compound that effectively controls mite populations resistant to other acaricides. The efficacy of the spirodiclofen against European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] on apple, and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on greenhouse cucumber was tested in Serbia from 2004 to 2008. Spirodiclofen efficacy was compared to the effectiveness of several other acaricides (bifenthrin, clofentezine, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate) that had been in use for some time. The acaricides were applied at their recommended application rates. Control efficacy against P. ulmi was tested in a commercial apple orchard at Morovic (45°00.711’N; 19°15.146’ E). Applied at the BBCH 09 growth stage (green leaf tips about 5 mm above bud scales) against overwintering eggs, spirodiclofen achieved 89.1 and 86.0% efficacy in evaluations 12 and 25 DAT (days after treatment), respectively. Similar effectiveness was demonstrated for fenazaquin (91.3 and 84.4%), while clofentezine achieved a considerably lower efficacy (67.4 and 27.8%, respectively). In three trials involving the summer population of P. ulmi in three vegetation seasons, spirodiclofen achieved high and steady efficacy: 91% (15 DAT), 97.2% (30 DAT) and 98% (45 DAT) in the first season; 95.2% (14 DAT), 96.3% (29 DAT) and 95.7% (47 DAT) in the second season; and 97.4% (14 DAT), 95.6% (21 DAT) and 97% (38 DAT) in the third season. The highest clofentezine efficacy in the first season was 90.9% (30 DAT), 77.4% (29 DAT) in the second and 68.1% (21 DAT) in the third season. Bifenthrin achieved the highest efficacy in the first season, 78.2% (15 DAT), while it declined to 65.9% (14 DAT) in the second and was practically negligible in the third season. Such unsatisfactory efficacies of bifenthrin and clofentezine were probably the result of resistance development under selection pressure of these compounds at Morovic. The efficacy of fenpyroximate, tested in the second season, was high (97.4%) in evaluations 14 and 29 DAT, but it was only 50.3% in evaluation 47 DAT. Efficacy in controlling T. urticae was tested in a commercial greenhouse in Padinska Skela (44°57.012’ N; 20°25.741’ E). In evaluations 6 and 10 DAT, spirodiclofen achieved 98.4 and 96.8% efficacy, while clofentezine effectiveness was 95.4 and 93.4%, and bifenthrin efficacy 96.5 and 98.8%, respectively. The results showed that spirodiclofen is effective in controlling European red mite on apple and twospotted spider mite on cucumber, and a good alternative to older acaricides.

Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Marshall ◽  
H.M.A. Thistlewood ◽  
P.J. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractIn Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.

scholarly journals Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Gamasina) in Finnish apple plantations with reference to integrated control of phytophagous mites

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 1-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Tuovinen
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Aerial Dispersal ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

On apple tree leaves, the most abundant predatory phytoseiid species were Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans), comprising 39% of specimens found in surveys in 1985 and 1989, Phyloseius macropilis (Banks), 32%, and Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), 18%. Amblyseius subsotidus (Beglyarov) and A. reductus Wainstein occurred occasionally in relatively high densities, whereas Anlhoseius rhenanus (Oudemans), A. suecicus (Sellnick), A. richteri (Karg), A. bakeri (Carman), A. viktorovi Wainstein, Paraseiulus taihii (Athias-Henriot) and P. triporus (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul) occurred rarely and always in low densities. On unsprayed trees, the mean density of phytoseiid mites was 1.2 mites/leaf. On sprayed trees, none or only a few phytoseiids were found, but the density of the European red spider mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was much higher than on unsprayed trees. Indigenous phytoseiid mites appeared to be capable of maintaining the P. ulmi population level under the economic threshold on unsprayed apple trees. The presence of the common prey mites, P. ulmi, the rust mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), or tydeid mites was not necessary for the presence of phytoseiid mites. Relatively high numbers of E. finlandicus, P. macropilis and P. soleiger were found, although prey mites were scarce. Many deciduous trees and bushes support high populations of phytoseiid mites. The highest numbers were found on Aesculus hippocastani, Corylus avellana, Fraxinus excelsior, Ribes nigrum. Rubus odoralus, Sorhus aucuparia, Tilia spp. and Ulmus glabra. E. finlandicus occurred most commonly and in the highest densities, followed by P. macropilis, P. soleiger, P. triporus and A. rhenanus. E. finlandicus can immigrate rapidly from adjacent vegetation into an orchard after harmful spraying if suitable plants are present, and tall trees appeared to be more important than low bushes as natural sources of phytoseiids for aerial dispersal. In acaricide tests, flubenzimine was effective against P. ulmi, but it was harmful to E. finlandicus and P. macropilis. A single treatment with clofentezine and hexythiazox, although effective against P. ulmi, was harmless to E. finlandicus and P. macropilis, but repeated sprays of both acaricides significantly reduced the density of phytoseiids. The fungicides dithianon and bitertanol were harmless to phytoseiids, but dichlofluanid was harmful. Triforine sprays also reduced the numbers of phytoseiid mites, but the effect was only temporary. It had a 75% effect on P. ulmi winter eggs when sprayed just before hatching. Dichlofluanid was effective against P. ulmi and A. schlechtendali.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange Characteristics of Apple and Peach Leaves Infested by European Red Mite and Twospotted Spider Mite

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendrick N. Mobley ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Greenhouse-grown `Imperial Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) and `Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) trees were inoculated during the summer with three densities of European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and twospotted spider mite (TSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch). As ERM- and TSM-days increased, net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and total chlorophyll content (TCHL) of apple leaves decreased linearly. At similar densities, TSM was more damaging than ERM to apple leaf gas exchange. Water-use efficiency (WUE) of apple declined similarly with increasing mite-days for both mite species. Specific leaf weight (SLW) of apple increased with TSM-days. Pn, Tr, TCHL, and WUE of peach declined linearly with increasing ERM- and TSM-days, and the rates of decline were similar for both mite species. Mites did not affect peach SLW. These results indicate that greenhouse-grown peach is more tolerant than apple to mite feeding.

scholarly journals Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foelkel ◽  
M. Voss ◽  
L. B. Monteiro ◽  
G. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a promising alternative to integrated control in many fruit pests. Few studies were made on the relationship of Anastrepha fraterculus natural population with native EPNs population and other biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of endemic nematodes in an apple orchard, concerning environmental conditions and technical procedure, and access isolates virulence to A. fraterculus larvae. The experiment was conducted during a year taking monthly soil samples from an apple orchard, with and without fallen fruits just above the soil. Samples were baited with Tenebrium molitor and A. fraterculus larvae in laboratory. Canopy and fallen fruits were sampled to access the pest infestation. Seventy three EPN isolates were captured, in 23.2% soil samples, more with T. molitor than with A. fraterculus baits. From the 20 isolates tested against A. fraterculus, only five were pathogenic, and they were identified as Oscheius sp. The nematodes were captured during all seasons in a similar frequency. Soil and weather conditions, presence of fruit over the orchard soil, and A. fraterculus pupae in the fruits had no significant influence on the capture. As a conclusion, nematodes of the genera Oscheius are found in an apple orchard of Porto Amazonas constantly along the year, independently of fluctuations in A. fraterculus population, climate conditions and presence of fruit over the soil. Some of the isolates are pathogenic to A. fraterculus.

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