scholarly journals DOSE-DEPENDENT AND SPECIES-SPECIFIC RESPONSES OF PINE BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO MONOTERPENES IN ASSOCIATION WITH PHEROMONES

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Ips Latidens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractMonoterpenes affected the attraction of three sympatric species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to pheromone-baited multiple-funnel traps in stands of lodgepole pine. Catches of Ips pini (Say) in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, β-phellandrene, and β-pinene. Catches of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins in traps baited with exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and β-phellandrene. Ips latidens (LeConte) exhibited preferences for traps baited with ipsenol and β-phellandrene or β-pinene but not in a dose-dependent fashion. Catches of I. latidens in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsenol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and terpinolene. Similarly, catches of I. pini in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of myrcene and terpinolene. These results demonstrate a degree of species specificity among three phloeophagous species with respect to preferred host odours. The bark beetle predators–associates Lasconotus complex LeConte (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher sp. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) demonstrated some measure of specificity to monoterpenes in their responses to ipsdienol-baited funnel traps. γ-Terpinene increased attraction of L. complex but had no effect on Corticeus sp., whereas α- and β-pinene increased attraction of Corticeus sp. but had no effect on L. complex.

DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.

Influence of oral contraceptive use on endothelial t-PA release in healthy premenopausal women

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. E90-E95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta L. Hoetzer ◽  
Brian L. Stauffer ◽  
Jared J. Greiner ◽  
Yoli Casas ◽  
Derek T. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Net Release

We determined the influence of oral contraceptives (OC) on the capacity of the endothelium to release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Twenty-three healthy premenopausal women were studied: 12 nonusers and 11 users of OC. Net endothelial release rates of t-PA were calculated as the product of the arteriovenous concentration gradient and forearm plasma flow in response to intra-arterial bradykinin (BK: 12.5–50 ng · 100 ml tissue−1· min−1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP: 1.0–4.0 μg · 100 ml tissue−1· min−1). Net release of t-PA antigen and increment in t-PA activity across the forearm to BK increased ( P < 0.01) in a dose-dependent fashion and to similar extents in the nonusers and users of OC. At the highest BK dose, net release of t-PA antigen was 64.5 ± 8.2 and 66.2 ± 15.4 ng · 100 ml tissue−1· min−1in the nonusers and users of OC, whereas the net increment in t-PA activity was 18.6 ± 3.0 and 16.0 ± 2.0 IU · 100 ml tissue−1· min−1, respectively. There was no effect of SNP on t-PA release in either group. These results indicate that endothelial t-PA release is not altered in premenopausal women who use oral contraception.

scholarly journals Legal and Administrative Aspects of Forest Pest and Disease Control in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Forest Act

Approximately 40% of Japanese forests are softwood plantations consisting of trees such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and several varieties of pine (Pinus spp.). Policies and programs related to forest pests and diseases are important for growing forest plantations. Damage caused by the pine bark beetle (Monochamus alternatus) has been a long-standing problem in Japan. Forest damage caused by the pine bark beetle was first found in Nagasaki Prefecture in 1905. Since then, the area of damage has expanded gradually to all prefectures. Damage caused by pine bark beetles became serious during and just after the end of the Second World War. In 1950, the Natural Resource Section of the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) made recommendations for how to control forest pests and diseases. The first act was enacted in 1950, although the control of forest pests was initially addressed as part of the first Forest Act of 1897. Several important reasons for why the Japanese government has failed to stop the expansion of the damaged area can be found in GHQ recommendations: the lack of coordinated programs, underutilization of damaged trees, and shortcomings of forest-management plans.

THE USE OF MONOTERPENES AS KAIROMONES BY IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Miller ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ips Latidens ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe responses of Ips latidens (LeConte) to multiple-funnel traps baited with various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in British Columbia. β-Phellandrene was attractive to I. latidens in the absence of the pheromone ipsenol. β-Phellandrene increased the attraction of I. latidens to ipsenol-baited traps while α-pinene, 3-carene, terpinolene, and myrcene reduced trap catches. Differential responses by males and females to sources of ipsenol with or without β-phellandrene suggest that the information conveyed to males differs from that conveyed to females. Species-specific responses to monoterpenes by I. latidens and three sympatric species of scolytids suggest that unique combinations of kairomones could be important in facilitating matings with conspecifics. Pheromones need not be the sole constituent of species-specific chemical messages.

scholarly journals Orman Alanlarında Kabuk Böceklerinin (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) Mücadelesinde Monoterpenlerin Kullanımı

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522-1527
Author(s):  
Gülsevim Tiring ◽  
Serdar Satar ◽  
Okan Özkaya
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are among the important pests of forest in the world and in Turkey. Pine-feeding bark beetles interact chemically with their host tree via the behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of one class of monoterpenes. The half of oleoresin producing by trees such as pines, spruces, firs in the forests is the monoterpene. The monoterpenes occur in the oleoresin and function as behaviorally active kairomones for pine bark beetles and their predators, presenting a classic example of tritrophic chemical communication. The monoterpenes are aggregation pheromones for pine bark beetle. In the control of bark beetles, monoterpenes are used in traps. For example, the monoterpenes are an attractant for bark beetles. Also, Myrcene is used for a synergistic effect in the trap. Monoterpenes can toxic to insects. Limonene is among the most toxic monoterpenes to bark beetles. Also, the interaction is found between monoterpenes and prey of bark beetle. Monoterpenes are enhanced to respond of predatory to the pheromone of bark beetle.

PHEROMONAL SPECIFICITY OF SOUTHEASTERN IPS PINE BARK BEETLES REFLECTS PHYLOGENETIC DIVERGENCE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
James H. Cane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence ◽  
Pheromonal Specificity

AbstractThe attractiveness of the aggregation pheromones produced by males of four species of Ips pine bark beetles was assessed to determine whether competition for a private communication channel among sympatric species or phylogenetic divergence better explains the current pheromonal specificity among the species. In the southeastern United States, Ips calligraphus (Germar), I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), and I. avulsus (LeConte) are broadly sympatric and they represent three different species groups. A member of the I. grandicollis species group, I. confusus (LeConte), is allopatric to the other three and native to the southwestern United States. Only the pair of species from the same species group were pheromonally cross-attractive. Broadly allopatric species from dissimilar species groups were not cross-attractive. Thus, their pheromonal specificity paralleled their taxonomic relationship regardless of geographic overlap and competitive interaction.

Plasminogen Interactions with Immobilized Fibrinogen

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1078-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burt Adelman ◽  
Patricia Ouynn
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Binding Regions ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryThis report describes the binding of plasminogen to fibrinogen adsorbed onto polystyrene wells. Binding was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Both glu- and lys-plasminogen bound to immobilized fibrinogen in a dose-dependent fashion. However, more lys- than glu-plasminogen bound when equal concentrations of either were added to immobilized fibrinogen. Plasminogen binding was inhibited by epsilon aminocaproic acid indicating that binding was mediated via lysine-binding regions of plasminogen. Soluble fibrinogen added in excess of immobilized fibrinogen did not compete for plasminogen binding but fibrinogen fragments produced by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen did. Treatment of immobilized fibrinogen with thrombin caused a small but significant (p <0.01) increase in plasminogen binding. These studies demonstrate that immobilized fibrinogen binds both glu- and lys-plasminogen and that binding is mediated via lysine-binding regions. These interactions may facilitate plasminogen binding to fibrinogen adsorbed on to surfaces and to cells such as platelets which bind fibrinogen.

Soluble Thrombomodulin Purified from Human Urine Exhibits a Potent Anticoagulant Effect In Vitro and In Vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hosaka ◽  
Hiromi Niina ◽  
Katsuaki Nagasawa ◽  
Masaaki Naotsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryWe examined the anticoagulant activity of two major molecules of soluble thrombomodulin purified from human urine. The apparent molecular weights of these urinary thrombomodulins (UTMs) were 72,000 and 79,000, respectively. Both UTMs showed more potent cofactor activity for protein C activation [specific activity >5,000 thrombomodulin units (TMU)/mg] than human placental thrombomodulin (2,180 TMU/mg) and rabbit lung thrombomodulin (1,980 TMU/mg). The UTMs prolonged thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting time (>1 TMU/ml), APTT (>5 TMU/ml), TT (>5 TMU/ml) and PT (>40 TMU/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects appeared in the concentration range of soluble thrombomodulins present in human plasma and urine. In the rat DIC model induced by thromboplastin, administration of UTMs by infusion (300-3,000 TMU/kg) restored the hematological abnormalities derived from DIC in a dose-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate that UTMs exhibit potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities, and could play a physiologically important role in microcirculation.

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