STAGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL OF STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Fidgen ◽  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
D.T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA 2-year field study was carried out to determine densities and stage-specific survival of eggs, second- and third-instar larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults of Strobilomyia appalachensis Michelsen in a black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. (Pinaceae), seed orchard located in New Brunswick, Canada. Trends in stage-specific survival were similar for both years. Most individuals died during the second-instar stage, we suspect mostly because of failure to establish. The lowest stage survival occurred during the prepupal and pupal stages, due primarily to predation by ground-dwelling invertebrates.

Individual height–diameter models for young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations in New Brunswick, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Lei ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Historically, height–diameter models have mainly been developed for mature trees; consequently, few height–diameter models have been calibrated for young forest stands. In order to develop equations predicting the height of trees with small diameters, 46 individual height–diameter models were fitted and tested in young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations between the ages of 4 to 8 years, measured from 182 plots in New Brunswick, Canada. The models were divided into 2 groups: a diameter group and a second group applying both diameter and additional stand- or tree-level variables (composite models). There was little difference in predicting tree height among the former models (Group I) while the latter models (Group II) generally provided better prediction. Based on goodness of fit (R2and MSE), prediction ability (the bias and its associated prediction and tolerance intervals in absolute and relative terms), and ease of application, 2 Group II models were recommended for predicting individual tree heights within young black spruce and jack pine forest stands. Mean stand height was required for application of these models. The resultant tolerance intervals indicated that most errors (95%) associated with height predictions would be within the following limits (a 95% confidence level): [-0.54 m, 0.54 m] or [-14.7%, 15.9%] for black spruce and [-0.77 m, 0.77 m] or [-17.1%, 18.6%] for jack pine. The recommended models are statistically reliable for growth and yield applications, regeneration assessment and management planning. Key words: composite model, linear model, model calibration, model validation, prediction interval, tolerance interval

Isolation of fungal endophytes from black spruce (Picea mariana) dormant buds and needles from New Brunswick, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johnson ◽  
N. J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Endophytic fungi were isolated from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dormant buds and needles of four age-classes. Only one isolate was obtained from 400 buds. A total of 914 isolates were obtained from the needles. With increasing needle age the rate of colonization increased between current-year and 3-year-old needles from 4 to 90%, respectively. The needle segment attached to the twig was colonized more often (p < 0.05) than other segments overall and for 6 of the 11 taxa isolated. The first endophyte from current-year needles was isolated on July 14, 1988, but endophytes were obtained from needles of the other age-classes (1, 2, and 3 years) on all sampling dates between June 10 and September 16, 1988. Key words: endophyte, Picea mariana, dormand buds, needles.

Some Factors Influencing Cone Production on Young Black Spruce in New Brunswick

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Simpson ◽  
G. R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Pollen Cone

Ten young black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations in northern and central New Brunswick were examined to de termine the influence of aspect, slope, tree age and tree height on pollen-cone and seed-cone production. It was found that a greater proportion of trees growing on southerly aspects produced pollen cones and seed cones than trees growing on northerly aspects. Trees growing on southerly aspects bore 2.5 and 5 times more seed cones and pollen cones, respectively, than trees growing on northerly aspects. Cone production on south-sloping sites was approximately double that on level sites. The number of seed cones was most significantly correlated with tree height. The number of pollen cones was most significantly correlated with number of seed cones.

NOTES ON THE GENUS NALEPELLA (ACARINA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF N. HALOURGA ON BLACK SPRUCE IN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valin G. Marshall ◽  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eriophyoid Mite ◽  
Host Associations

AbstractAn eriophyoid mite, Nalepella halourga Keifer, is newly recorded in Canada from two hosts: black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., from Ontario, and Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., from New Brunswick. For the first time this mite is reported as damaging black spruce under greenhouse conditions. A key to the eight described species of Nalepella and notes on their host associations and economic importance are included.

scholarly journals The status and potential of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation in New Brunswick

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
K. J. Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Initial Research

Tree improvement programs began in New Brunswick in the 1970s, and, by the early 1990s, most of the seed used in reforestation was from seed orchards. Initial research such as fertilizer trials and other flower induction methods focussed on increasing seed orchard yields. Trials have also been established to investigate parental contribution to seed orchard production. As the New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council breeding programs advance into the second generation, two new approaches have been developed to capture genetic gain more efficiently. The use of controlled breeding followed by vegetative multiplication of black spruce has been adopted operationally by J.D. Irving, Limited, and a jack pine meadow orchard has been established by the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. This paper presents an overview of these programs and the future challenges of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation stock production.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis) in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Forest Stands in Southeastern New Brunswick

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Julie Henderson ◽  
Graham Forbes
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Habitat Types

Twenty-one specimens of Sorex maritimensis (Maritime Shrew) were collected in coniferous forest of central New Brunswick, a habitat considered atypical for the species. We suggest S. maritimensis uses a wider range of habitat types than previously documented.

scholarly journals Seed Production in Grafted Clonal Orchards at Longlac, Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McPherson ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Number Of Seeds

One seed orchard each of black spruce (Picea mariana) [Mill.] B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca) [Moench] Voss) was established in northern Ontario gradually during the 1958-78 period. Each species was represented by approximately 45 clones and 450 ramets. During the whole period, records were kept of cone production by individual ramets and of seed production by clones expressed as average number of seeds per cone extracted and germinated. Substantial cone production began 8 years after grafting in black spruce and after 10 years in white spruce. The figures indicated that a clonal orchard of black spruce planted at 5 × 5 m spacing (400 ramets) produces approximately 1 million sound seeds per ha per year; the white spruce equivalent is 900 000. Conditions of cone development and cone storage and damage by insects and fungi can reduce germination of the sound seed harvested by about 20%.

Some Relationships Between Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Spruces in New Brunswick

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Host Tree

AbstractComparative studies on breeding and survival of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) in black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., red spruce, P. rubens Sarg, and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, indicate that red spruce is the most favourable host. The thicker, more scaly bark of red spruce and the less frequent occurrence of competition for bark space and food by other organisms are considered as contributory to the success of beetles in this host tree.

Genetic gains from 20 years of cooperative tree improvement in New Brunswick

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce McInnis ◽  
Kathleen Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Rotation Age

The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council analyzed 20-year data from plantations of unimproved and first generation improved black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). STAMAN, a computer model, conservatively projected an 11% merchantable volume gain at 40 years based on 20-year measurements of 36 000 trees. At age 20 years, first generation black spruce was 12% taller and 25–30% greater in total volume. Projections from over 160 000 individual measurements of height from age five to 20 years indicate that by 40 years, gains of 7–8% in height and 18–20% in total volume are likely. Ten year assessments from over 10 000 measurements of second generation black spruce indicate a 30% height gain over first generation material of the same age. For jack pine first generation material, the projections indicated a height gain of 14% and a total volume gain of over 30% at 40 years. Faster growth can provide greater volume at rotation age, a shorter rotation interval, or earlier interventions for commercial thinning. Key words: genetic gain, tree improvement, black spruce, jack pine

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