MANAGEMENT OF LATE-SEASON ADULTS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
Gilles Boiteau ◽  
Joe Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractThe susceptibility of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] to entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae, ’All’ strain, Nematoda: Heterorhabditae) was tested in the laboratory and the field in 1992 and 1993. Under laboratory conditions, applications of 5.0 × 105S. carpocapsae per square metre to larvae, pupae, and (or) adults resulted in 100% mortality in all experimental groups. Steinernema carpocapsae persisted through the larval–pupal and pupal–adult transitions. A single application of nematodes was sufficient to control the Colorado potato beetle. The following treatments were tested at field sites in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island: (i) untreated check, (ii) application of nematodes, or (iii) application of insecticides. Straw mulch was either present or absent in each treatment. In 1992 in New Brunswick, nematodes and fenvalerate reduced Colorado potato beetle populations by 31% compared with the untreated check. However, in 1993, differences among treatments were not significant. The results from the field trials in Prince Edward Island were variable; the life expectancy of nematodes is likely shorter in the field than under laboratory conditions. Further investigation into the benefits of repeated applications of nematodes, higher rates, or improvements in application technology are required to achieve consistent control of the Colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Comparison of three management schemes for Colorado potato beetle on early-season potatoes in Prince Edward Island

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Stewart ◽  
A.P. Dornan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Management Schemes

The economics of managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on potatoes (Solarium tuberosum) with different strategies was tested at four sites on Prince-Edward-Island in 1989. Three treatments were tested at each site: 1) an untreated check, 2) an application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis or rotenone after a threshold of 0.5 Colorado Potato Beetle Equivalents (CPBE) per stalk was reached ( 1 CPBE = 1 spring adult, 8 first- or second- instar larvae, 3 third- or fourth- instar larvae, or 1.6 summer adults), and 3) applications of insecticide according to the grower's normal spray schedule. At one site, tuber yield of plots managed with the 0.5 CPBE-per-stalk threshold was similar to that of plots where the grower maintained his normal spray schedule, but three fewer applications of insecticides were needed in the former. At the remaining sites, where the density of Colorado potato beetles did not exceed the threshold, tuber yield was similar to that of the grower's plots. This suggests that there were needless applications of insecticides by the growers.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BLACK SPRUCE CONE MAGGOT, STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS MICHELSEN (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
G.N. Gesner
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Repeated Applications

AbstractLarvae of the black spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia appalachensis, were infected and killed by Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All and Umeå strains, S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= bibionis) strain 27, and S. glaseri Steiner strain 326, in laboratory tests. After formation of puparia, however, cone maggots were practically resistant to all species and strains tested. Very few or no maggots were infected when nematodes were sprayed on or injected into infested spruce cones. The survival, activity, and infectivity of infective juveniles held in an aerated infusion of black spruce cones were significantly lower compared with those held in aerated water. In peat–sand columns, the proportion of larvae infected with S. feltiae, but not S. carpocapsae Umeå strain, was significantly greater when larvae were dropped immediately or 1 day following nematode application compared with 1 day before or 3 days following nematode application. Our results suggest that, in field trials for cone maggot suppression, nematodes should be applied within a day prior to larval drop and that repeated applications may be required for persistence of sufficient infectivity.

INCIDENCE OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN POPULATIONS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
George G. Kennedy ◽  
Antony V. Sturz
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

AbstractA survey of 65 populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from locations across Prince Edward Island in 1993 indicated that insecticide resistance was widespread, but was most prevalent in the western and central potato-producing areas. Of the populations surveyed, 31, 26, 19, and 4% were classified as resistant to permethrin, carbofuran, azinphos-methyl, and endosulfan, respectively. Of 53 populations surveyed for resistance to these four insecticides, 13, six, four, and one of the populations were classified as resistant to one, two, three, and four insecticides, respectively.

scholarly journals Canadian entomopathogenic nematode isolates: virulence against black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Louis Simard ◽  
Julie Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The virulence of ten indigenous and two commercial isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, was assessed under laboratory conditions. When comparing commercial isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae exhibited higher virulence than S. feltiae. One indigenous isolate of S. carpocapsae (6Sc) provided similar or higher virulence than the commercial isolate against black cutworm larvae. An indigenous strain of S. kraussei demonstrated low virulence in our study.

scholarly journals COLORADO POTATO BEETLE CONTROL WITH CYROMAZINE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 628e-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Abbott ◽  
L. T. Thetford
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Small Plot

Cyromazine is a triazine molecule with insect growth regulator properties being developed for control of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (CPB) in vegetables. Research presented focuses primarily on results with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), however, crop safety has been observed in other crops within the Solanaceae. Several trials were conducted in PA and NY during 1991 to examine the rates and timing necessary to control CPB in potatoes. Data from replicated small plot trials and non-replicated large block trials are included. Rates examined ranged 70 to 560 g ai na-1 applied alone or in combination with a pyrethroid or Bt. Comparisons were made with insecticides presently registered for CPB control in potatoes and cyromazine compared quite favorably. Two applications per CPB generation were made, the first at the beginning of CPB egg hatch and a second 7-16 days later for each generation. This application schedule provided excellent (90%) control of CPB larvae. The reduction in larvae also resulted in a reduction in adult CPB and potato leaf area damaged through insect feeding. In the test conducted in PA, an increase in size and number of tubers was observed when plants were treated with cyromazine. -These increases resulted in a 23-28% increase in total yield compared to that obtained from the untreated check plots.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Applied Natural Enemies on the Survival of Colorado Potato Beetle Adults

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Oxana Skoková Habuštová
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is among the most destructive pests of potatoes quickly developing resistance to traditional insecticides. In the present study, we tested the effect of various species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on CPB adults, and subsequently, the most effective nematodes were applied alone and in combination with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana in pots with potato plants and in the field and their effect on the number of emerging adults was evaluated. In the experimental infections, both the nematode invasion and pathogenicity were variable, and, in several strains, the mortality reached 100%. In pot experiments, soil application of nematodes S. carpocapsae 1343 and S. feltiae Jakub and fungus significantly decreased numbers of emerging CPB adults, while, after the application on leaves, only fungal treatment was effective. The field application of fungus B. bassiana significantly decreased the number of emerging CPB adults in comparison to control sites by ca. 30% while the effect of nematodes and the nematodes–fungus combination was not significant. In conclusion, we demonstrate the necessity of thorough bioassays to select the most effective nematode strains. Entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to effectively decrease the emergence of CPB adults, but further research is needed to improve the effectiveness in the field.

scholarly journals Crop Rotation Reduces the Cost of Colorado Potato Beetle Control in Potatoes

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Speese ◽  
S.B. Sterrett
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Cost

The effect of crop rotation was investigated on the efficacy and the economics of various insecticide strategies for Colorado potato beetle (CPB) control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in 1995-96. These included broad-spectrum insecticides and biorational (environmentally friendly, naturally occurring) combinations that targeted specific CPB life stages. CPB pressure was greater in the nonrotated than the rotated plots. Although all materials gave better CPB control than the check, significantly more spray applications were required to reduce CPB numbers below treatment thresholds in the nonrotated plots than the rotated plots in both years. Overall yields and economic returns were significantly greater in the rotated plots in 1995. Efficacy of insecticide strategies varied, with little defoliation and few CPB larvae found in the imidacloprid treatment in 1995 and 1996. All insecticide strategies except endosulfan resulted in significantly higher estimated returns to management than the untreated check; the greatest returns occurred with permethrin and cryolite. No yields or returns could be obtained in 1996 due to excessive rainfall before harvest. These results indicate that yield and the cost of the insecticide strategy should be considered as well as insecticide efficacy in developing an effective integrated pest management program.

scholarly journals Development of Bt-cry5 Insect-resistant Potato Lines 'Spunta-G2' and 'Spunta-G3'

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Douches ◽  
W. Li ◽  
K. Zarka ◽  
J. Coombs ◽  
W. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Potato Beetle

The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) is the primary insect pest of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in tropical and subtropical regions, causing both foliar and tuber damage. In contrast, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the most important insect pest in the northern potato production latitudes. The codon-modified Bacillus thuringiensis Bt-cry5 gene (revised nomenclature cry1IaI), specifically toxic to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, was transformed into cultivar Spunta using an Agrobacterium vector to provide resistance to both potato tuber moth and Colorado potato beetle. The Bt-cry5 gene was placed downstream from the constitutive CaMV35S promoter. Two transgenic 'Spunta' clones, G2 and G3, produced high levels of mortality in first instars of potato tuber moth in detached-leaf bioassays (80% to 83% mortality), laboratory tuber tests (100% mortality), and field trials in Egypt (99% to 100% undamaged tubers). Reduced feeding by Colorado potato beetle first instars was also observed in detached-leaf bioassays (80% to 90% reduction). Field trials in the United States demonstrated that the horticultural performance of the two transgenic lines was comparable to 'Spunta'. These Bt-cry5 transgenic potato plants with high potato tuber moth resistance have value in integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Technical Feasibility of Pneumatic Control on Colorado Potato Beetle

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 828F-828
Author(s):  
Benolt Lacasse ◽  
C. Laguë ◽  
S. Yelle ◽  
P.M. Roy ◽  
M. Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Pneumatic Control ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potato Beetle

A front-mounted prototype designed to pneumatically remove Colorado potato beetles (CPB) from potato plants was tested in the field. Effects of different combinations of airflow velocities, nozzle widths, and travel speeds were investigated. Results showed that capture and dislodging of CPBs were better for adults and big larvae (L3 & L4). On the other hand, neither the airflow width and velocity nor the travel speed affected significantly the dislodging and the collection of small larvae. Field trials on the removal of larvae under the effect of different travel speeds showed that, the slower the prototype moved, the better was the collection of L3-L4 larvae. This study demonstrates the potential of pneumatic control of adult and L3-L4 CPBs.

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