SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (GERMAR) AND DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO COLEOPTERAN-ACTIVE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, A BACILLUS METABOLITE, AND AVERMECTIN B1

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Cane ◽  
Hugh E. Cox ◽  
William J. Moar
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Future Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ips Calligraphus ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractA simple, reliable feeding bioassay was developed for screening certain biorational insecticides with potential use against pine bark beetles. Adult Ips calligraphus and Dendroctonus frontalis were fed freeze-dried phloem fortified with Avermectin B1, Bacillus thuringiensis with known coleopteran activity, or a bacterial metabolite (R003). Avermectin B1 was toxic to adult I. calligraphus by 4 days at an LC50 of 0.36 μg AI/g of diet. R003 was active against both beetle species, yielding 85–100% mortality after 10 days exposure to a concentration of 360 μg/g of diet. No B. thuringiensis product was toxic at a discriminating concentration of 200 μg of spore/crystal preparation per gram of diet. Beetle mortality on untreated diet remained <10% over the 4–10 days duration of feeding trials. Unadulterated, lyophilized phloem diet did not spoil during bioassays, provided that tanned beetles were taken for bioassays before they emerged from their natal host bolts. Microbial products with scolytid activity, such as Avermectin B1 and R003, could have future value for limiting bark beetle infestations of individual trees or small stands in urban or ecologically sensitive forests. Innovative strategies for delivery would have to be developed, however, to circumvent the cryptic habits of these phloeophagous beetles.

Evaluation of Multiple-Funnel and Slot Traps for Collection of Southern Pine Bark Beetles and Predators

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
John T. Nowak ◽  
G. Keith Douce ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles

Pheromone-baited traps are frequently used for research or in monitoring populations of bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and Ips spp. which are important pests of southern pines. We compared the effectiveness of two commercially available trap designs, the multiple-funnel trap and the slot trap, for collection of D. frontalis, three species of Ips, and two of their common predators. Slot traps captured greater numbers of bark beetles while multiple-funnel traps captured more predators. Multiple-funnel traps were judged to be easier to transport and check in the field. This study indicates that slot traps are preferable for monitoring southern bark beetles with the least disruption to natural enemy populations, while multiple-funnel traps are better for monitoring bark beetle/predator ratios. Due to ease of checking and handling, multiple-funnel traps are preferable for uses that involve large numbers of traps, long-distance manual hauling, or frequent relocation of traps.

Why does longleaf pine have low susceptibility to southern pine beetle?

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1966-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Martinson ◽  
Richard W. Hofstetter ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Defenses ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Individual Trees

Pine forests throughout the world are subject to disturbance from tree-killing bark beetles, but pine species differ in their susceptibilities. In the southeastern United States, Pinus palustris Mill. suffers far less mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, than do its sympatric congeners. We tested the commonly invoked hypothesis that P. palustris has relatively low susceptibility because it has higher oleoresin flow than other pines, especially Pinus taeda L. However, seven studies in three states over 6 years refuted the hypothesis that P. palustris and P. taeda differ in their constitutive resin flow or in their capacity to replace resin depleted by either experimental wounding or natural beetle attacks. Additionally, surveys of natural beetle attacks revealed that P. taeda and P. palustris were equally likely to be attacked and killed when they cooccurred in front of growing infestations. Thus, the relative susceptibility of these two species changes with the spatial scale at which they are mixed, and the strong landscape-scale pattern of low mortality in P. palustris is not because individual trees are physiologically less susceptible. Ultimately, the conspicuous differential impact of D. frontalis on P. taeda and P. palustris may be the product of coevolution between tree defenses and beetle behavior.

ATTRACTION OF HYLOBIUS PALES (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) TO PHEROMONES OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ips Calligraphus ◽  
Hylobius Pales ◽  
Host Resource

AbstractResults of a field experiment indicate that adults of the pine weevil Hylobius pales (Herbst) respond to pheromones of bark beetles. Each sex of H. pales was more attracted to traps baited with the combination of a pine bolt infested with male Ips calligraphus Germar plus the synthetic Dendroctonus Erichson pheromones frontalin and exo-brevicomin, than to traps baited with pine bolts alone. The combined numbers of male and female H. pales caught in traps baited only with Ips calligraphus-infested bolts were significantly greater than numbers caught in traps baited with uninfested control bolts. The attraction of H. pales to bark beetle pheromones may represent a kairomonal response in which weevils exploit semiochemicals from other species that signify a suitable host resource.

scholarly journals The correlation between the changes in climate, the intensity of spruce decline and the abundance of of spruce bark beetles in 'Golija' Nature Park

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Mara Tabaković-Tošić ◽  
Marija Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

The paper presents the results of the research on the correlation between changes in microclimate, the intensity of spruce decline and active abundance of its two economically most significant harmful insects-eight-toothed (Ips typographus) and six-toothed (Pityogenes chalcographus) spruce bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Golija Nature Park whose pure and mixed conifer stands are dominated by spruce. The route method and ocular inspection were applied to study the presence and determine the intensity of spruce decline-both of individual trees and groups of trees in the management units of Dajićke planine, Kolješnica, Golija and Brusničke šume. Population dynamics of the two species of bark beetles and their active abundance were monitored by the method of trapping with barrier traps and the use of combined pheromone dispensers-PCIT Ecolure. Although the decline of individual conifer trees, primarily of spruce, had already been present in certain areas of these management units for several decades, it reached epidemic proportions due to extreme adverse climatic conditions in the period between 2011 and 2012 and culminated in 2015. A large number of physiologically weakened trees raised the population levels of secondary harmful insects and the number or the active abundance of the two investigated species of insects reached a peak in 2016. The inability to take appropriate and timely remedial measures in the areas under stricter protection regimes greatly contributed to this situation.

The occurrence and pathogenicity of Geosmithia spp. and common blue-stain fungi associated with pine bark beetles in planted forests in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mally Dori-Bachash ◽  
Liat Avrahami-Moyal ◽  
Alex Protasov ◽  
Zvi Mendel ◽  
Stanley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Blue Stain

scholarly journals Trap Height Affects Catches of Bark and Woodboring Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cerambycidae) in Baited Multiple-Funnel Traps in Southeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Miller ◽  
C M Crowe ◽  
J D Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
North Central ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Pine Bark Beetles ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Dendroctonus Terebrans ◽  
Hylobius Pales

Abstract In north-central Georgia, trap height affected catches of some species of bark and woodboring beetles (Coleoptera) in traps baited with lures used in surveillance programs to detect non-native forest insects. Traps were placed within the canopy and understory of mature oak trees (Quercus spp.) with collection cups placed 18–23 m above ground level (AGL), and 0.3–0.5 m AGL, respectively. Traps were baited with ethanol to target ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in one experiment, ethanol + syn-2,3-hexanediol + racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one + racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one to target hardwood woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a second experiment, and α-pinene + racemic ipsenol + racemic ipsdienol to target pine bark beetles (Curculionidae) and woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a third experiment. Canopy traps were more effective than understory traps for detecting Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus scutellaris (Olivier), and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae). The reverse was true for Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) (Curculionidae), and Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Cerambycidae). Catches of a third group which included Hylobius pales (Herbst), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Anelaphus pumilus (Newman) (Cerambycidae) were largely unaffected by trap height. Similar patterns were noted for species of Cleridae, Scarabaeidae, Trogossitidae, and Zopheridae but not Histeridae or Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Catches of the bee assassin Apiomerus crassipes (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in traps baited with the hardwood borer blend were greater in canopy traps than in understory traps.

The Influence of Self-Marking With Fluorescent Powders on Adult Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Ips Grandicollis ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Reliable Procedure ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Flight Initiation

Under laboratory conditions, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) adults became self-marked with fluorescent powders upon emergence from treated logs. The technique provided a reliable procedure for marking adult bark beetles without having to handle them. When the powder remained dry, nearly all of the emerged beetles were marked. However, the percentage of marked beetles decreased dramatically following simulated rain events. Once marked, the mark remains intact on beetles stored dry or in ethylene glycol or ethanol (95%). Marking did decrease the adult life span of both D. frontalis and I. grandicollis, but had no significant effect on flight initiation by either species or semiochemical perception by I. grandicollis. No semiochemical tests were conducted with D. frontalis. If beetles are recaptured shortly following emergence and self-marking, the technique should be useful for examining scolytid dispersal in the field.

Seasonal Abundance, Arrival and Emergence Patterns of Predaceous Hister Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Associated with Ips Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Louisiana

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Shepherd ◽  
Richard A. Goyer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The most common predaceous hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) found associated with Ips engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Louisiana were Platysoma attenuata LeConte, P. cylindrica (Paykull), P. parallelum (Say), and Plegaderus transversus (Say). The seasonal abundance of histerids caught in flight traps coincided with Ips spp. activity in the area. Histerid adults were initially caught in sticky traps on Ips-infested loblolly pine logs 1 wk after Ips spp. attacks had begun. As a group, histerids emerged from logs in a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring during Ips spp. emergence and a second 4 wks later. The abundance of P. parallelum and P. transversus indicates that they likely fed on bark beetles and organisms arriving later in the colonization sequence. Visual orientation appeared to play a role in attraction of histerids to logs colonized by bark beetles. Platysoma attenuata preferred vertically-positioned logs to horizontal logs, while P. parallelum was the opposite. These results suggest that some histerids may be visually attracted to horizontal silhouettes, such as pine trees that have been blown down or felled and often are infested by Ips spp. Other hister beetles may prefer vertical silhouettes, such as standing pines, which tend to be colonized by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann.

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