EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN THE APPLE BROWN BUG, ATRACTOTOMUS MALI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Smith ◽  
Sonia O. Gaul ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Harold D. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Butyl Butyrate ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Economic Pest

The apple brown bug, Atractotomus mali (Meyer), is an economic pest of apple in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia (Rogers 1990). Feeding on developing fruit of sensitive apple varieties induces persistent corky scar tissue that reduces the quality of affected fruit. Forty-five percent of Annapolis Valley apple orchards monitored in 1992 required chemical insecticide applications to control the pest complex of A. mali and the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Craig 1992).Female-produced sex pheromones occur in several mirid species, including the mullein bug (Smith et al. 1991) and Lygocoris communis (Knight) (Boivin and Stewart 1982). The sex pheromone of C. verbasci has been identified as a 16: 1 blend of butyl butyrate and crotyl butyrate (Smith et al. 1991). Our objective was to determine if a sex pheromone occurs in A. mali.

POTENTIAL FOR PHEROMONE-BASED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE MULLEIN BUG, CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. McBrien ◽  
G.J.R. Judd ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Butyl Butyrate ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Atmospheric Permeation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

AbstractAtmospheric permeation of apple orchards with 16:1 butyl butyrate (BB): 2(E)-crotyl butyrate (CB), the sex pheromone of the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae), demonstrated potential for pheromone-based mating disruption; atmospheric permeation with single components did not. In traps baited with 16:1 BB:CB, catches of male C. verbasci were 3, 64, and 105% of catches in nontreated controls for disruption treatments of 16:1 BB:CB, CB alone, and BB alone, respectively. With the two-component pheromone as a disruptant, catches of male C. verbasci were significantly reduced relative to controls at dispenser densities of 250, 500, and 1000 per hectare; catches were lowest at 1000 dispensers per hectare. For monitoring of operational trials, pheromone-baited open wing traps hung 1.5 m above ground were judged to be more practical than open wing traps hung 2.5 m above ground, or closed wing traps or white sticky cards at either height. Atmospheric permeation with pheromone did not affect numbers of males and females captured on nonbaited white sticky cards, and trap height did not affect catches of females. However, in pheromone-treated plots, significantly more males were captured on 2.5-m-high nonbaited cards than on 1.5-m-high cards, probably representing incidental catches of males following false trails to pheromone dispensers hung in the upper canopy. This study is the first reported example of pheromone-based disruption of orientation behavior in the Heteroptera.

SOME PREDATORS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PARATETRANYCHUS PILOSUS C. & F., IN NOVA SCOTIA

1935 ◽  
Vol 13d (2) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci

Predators are the most important natural enemies of the European red mite. Notes are given on the life history and habits of the following predaceous enemies of this mite, Seiulus pomi Parrott; Diaphnidia pellucida Uhl.; Diaphnidia capitata Van D.; Hyaliodes vitripennis Say; Stethorus punctum Leconte; Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl.; Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl.; Anystis agilis Banks; Campylomma verbasci Mey., and an unidentified species of Syrphidae.

scholarly journals A New Look at Cultivar Preference in Hoplocampa testudinea (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Apple in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Suzanne Blatt ◽  
Kim Hiltz
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Hoplocampa Testudinea

(1) Background: The European apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea Klug (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), can be an economically important pest in eastern Canada and shows preference for apple cultivars in Nova Scotia, Canada. We hypothesized that this preference could be due to oviposition by female H. testudinea (preference-performance hypothesis) during the bloom period or differential larval survival during development due to fruitlet physicochemical properties. (2) Methods: Fifteen commercial and experimental apple (Malusdomestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) cultivars located at the Kentville Research and Development Centre (Kentville, Nova Scotia) were chosen and examined for H. testudinea oviposition, larval performance during fruitlet development, fruitlet physicochemical properties and damage assessment at harvest from 2016–2019, inclusive. (3) Results: H. testudinea showed significant cultivar preference during oviposition, during development and at harvest, but the ranking of these cultivars was not the same throughout the season. Total impact by H. testudinea was consistent for most cultivars over multiple years of the study. (4) Conclusion: Correlation of oviposition with damage provided weak evidence for the preference-performance hypothesis. We propose that this relationship is weak due to differential survival of larvae during development.

Case Study From Nova Scotia, Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
What Matters

For decades, the narrative in Canada’s Nova Scotia province has centered on concepts of economic sluggishness and a dwindling population base. This pervasive and unmotivating “we’re falling behind” story is built squarely on measures of economic growth, and on the assumption that growing the economy is what matters most. Lost in that formula, however, are qualities that make Nova Scotia a place its residents deeply value. Education levels are high in the province, as are measures for quality of life and community belonging. The region boasts abundant natural beauty. By many counts, Nova Scotia has already achieved the kind ...

A Fungous Enemy of the Pea Aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 503-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Orchard Pests

During an investigation into the importance of fungal disease as a factor in the control of orchard pests throughout the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, the haemocoele of large numbers of Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach) was found to be infected with a fungal growth that resulted in death. This fungus was identified from mounted specimens as Empusa (= Entomophthora) aphidis Hoffman.

scholarly journals A Review of the Evidence for and against a Role for Mast Cells in Cutaneous Scarring and Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9673
Author(s):  
Traci A. Wilgus ◽  
Sara Ud-Din ◽  
Ardeshir Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Mast Cell Activation

Scars are generated in mature skin as a result of the normal repair process, but the replacement of normal tissue with scar tissue can lead to biomechanical and functional deficiencies in the skin as well as psychological and social issues for patients that negatively affect quality of life. Abnormal scars, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, and cutaneous fibrosis that develops in diseases such as systemic sclerosis and graft-versus-host disease can be even more challenging for patients. There is a large body of literature suggesting that inflammation promotes the deposition of scar tissue by fibroblasts. Mast cells represent one inflammatory cell type in particular that has been implicated in skin scarring and fibrosis. Most published studies in this area support a pro-fibrotic role for mast cells in the skin, as many mast cell-derived mediators stimulate fibroblast activity and studies generally indicate higher numbers of mast cells and/or mast cell activation in scars and fibrotic skin. However, some studies in mast cell-deficient mice have suggested that these cells may not play a critical role in cutaneous scarring/fibrosis. Here, we will review the data for and against mast cells as key regulators of skin fibrosis and discuss scientific gaps in the field.

Sex pheromones of Callosobruchus subinnotatus and C. maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): congeneric responses and role of air movement

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Mbata ◽  
S. Shu ◽  
S.B. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Callosobruchus Subinnotatus

Females of Callosobruchus spp. are known to produce sex pheromones that attract males. These sex pheromones cannot be adopted for use in pest management without first investigating the responses of the males in the windless conditions of storage environments. Consequently, behavioural bioassays of Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic males were conducted in an olfactometer in the absence of air-flow. Under these conditions males were found to be able to follow odour trails to the source. However, the latency period was longer in diffusional bioassays than for insects in a Y-tube olfactometer that provided directional wind cues. The highest percentage of males reached the pheromone source when components of the pheromones, (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (E32A) and (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (Z32A), were formulated in a 50:50 or 25:75 ratio. Males of C. maculatus (Fabricius) responded to sex pheromone of C. subinnotatus, but males of C. subinnotatus did not respond to that of C. maculatus. The two sex pheromone components of C. subinnotatus are also constituents of C. maculatus sex pheromone. These two components may be potentially useful in monitoring the populations of both species in stored beans. It is postulated that (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid (Z33A), the major component of the sex pheromone of C. maculatus, must have acted as an antagonist inhibiting response of C. subinnotatus to the sex pheromone of C. maculatus.

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