EGG LAYING IN A NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICAN (MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC) POPULATION OF FORFICULA AURICULARIA L. (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur ◽  
Jean Gingras
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Single Batch

AbstractThe egg laying regime of Forficula auricularia L., defined by different parameters (number of broods, proportion of females that produce two broods, number of eggs produced at each batch, and the proportion of the total number of eggs represented by the first batch), was studied in the laboratory and under seminatural conditions for a population from Montréal. Approximately half of the females produced two batches of eggs in the laboratory; however the number of eggs produced in the first batch was substantially higher than that of the second batch. In the field a single batch of eggs was produced. Comparison of our data with the literature showed that the Montréal population appears to have a greater resemblance to one of a cold temperate climate (Font-Romeu, Eastern Pyrénées) than one of a warmer climate (Rennes, Bretagne) for all parameters studied.

Factors affecting the egg-laying pattern of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in three climatologically different zones of North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Female Life Expectancy ◽  
Short Period

AbstractEgg-laying patterns of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), from three climatologically different areas; Montréal, Québec, Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and San Francisco, California, United States of America; were compared in laboratory. Three different egg-laying patterns were observed. Among the biotic parameters studied; previtellogenic follicular atresia, number of oocytes per ovariole at imaginal moult, female life expectancy, and ovarian activity explained female successful responses to local weather conditions. Follicular atresia, combined with a low number of oocytes, impeded oviposition in a low percentage of females from Montréal. It also impedes the production of a third brood in the Vancouver population, and of a fourth brood in the San Francisco population. Both female life expectancy and length of ovarian activity also had a significant impact on the oviposition pattern in the three climatic regions. Under the cold temperate climate of the Montréal area, only one brood was produced due to the short period of female fertility. Longer period of fertility and life expectancy enabled females to produce two broods in the milder temperate climate of Vancouver, and three broods in the San Francisco climate. Our results strongly suggest an exaptation enabling the native European populations of F. auricularia to adapt successfully in North America.

Laboratory Colonisation of the Mosquito, Eretmapodites chrysogaster Grah

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gillett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Single Batch

SummaryA colony of Eretmapodites chrysogaster Grah., sensu stricto, was maintained successfully for over a year without any reinforcement.Identity of the mosquitos was established by starting the colony from a single batch of eggs laid by a single wild-caught female mosquito, and subsequent examination of the genitalia of the male progeny.Mating occurred regularly after the first blood-meal of the female. In fact the females would not accept the males until they had started, or had finished, their first blood-meal.Eggs were laid on the sterilised, water-filled bracts of banana flowers. Moist paper, moist cotton-wool or free water above paper or cotton-wool proved unsatisfactory as egg-laying media.Larvae fed largely on the substance of the banana bracts on which the eggs had been laid. The banana bract also provided cover and so reduced the incidence of cannibalism among larvae.

scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

Report on the life history traits of the generalist predatorForficula auricularia(Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in organic apple orchards in southeastern France

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Dib ◽  
Benoît Sauphanor ◽  
Yvan Capowiez
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Reproduction Study ◽  
Brood Number ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics ◽  
European Earwig

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide detailed data on the reproduction of the European earwigForficula auriculariaLinnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) under natural conditions. We also describe its spring field population structure and dynamics in organic apple orchards in southeastern France using artificial and natural shelters. Two nymph cohorts could be distinguished in a laboratory reproduction study. The first brood, following the first egg-laying event in late November, had significantly higher pre-imaginal survival (1.74-fold) than the second brood in early April. The egg phase was the most vulnerable with a higher mortality rate in the first brood than the second. Independent of brood number, nymphal survival increased from second nymphal instars (N2) onwards with values higher than 96%. In orchards, N3 were generally observed in natural and artificial shelters from the end of April to mid-June. N4 was the most abundant life stage sampled and the only stage present at the majority of sampling dates, especially from early May onwards. Beginning in June, the abundance of new adults of a given year gradually increased especially in the artificial shelters. This descriptive study can now be used to develop phenological models aimed at limiting earwig mortality due to horticultural management practices and increasing their predation level in conservative or augmentative approaches.

scholarly journals Glacial refugia and modern genetic diversity of 22 western North American tree species

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20142903 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Roberts ◽  
Andreas Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North American ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Wide Range

North American tree species, subspecies and genetic varieties have primarily evolved in a landscape of extensive continental ice and restricted temperate climate environments. Here, we reconstruct the refugial history of western North American trees since the last glacial maximum using species distribution models, validated against 3571 palaeoecological records. We investigate how modern subspecies structure and genetic diversity corresponds to modelled glacial refugia, based on a meta-analysis of allelic richness and expected heterozygosity for 473 populations of 22 tree species. We find that species with strong genetic differentiation into subspecies had widespread and large glacial refugia, whereas species with restricted refugia show no differentiation among populations and little genetic diversity, despite being common over a wide range of environments today. In addition, a strong relationship between allelic richness and the size of modelled glacial refugia ( r 2 = 0.55) suggest that population bottlenecks during glacial periods had a pronounced effect on the presence of rare alleles.

scholarly journals The Genome of the Margined White Butterfly (Pieris macdunnoughii): Sex Chromosome Insights and the Power of Polishing with PoolSeq Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A Steward ◽  
Yu Okamura ◽  
Carol L Boggs ◽  
Heiko Vogel ◽  
Christopher W Wheat
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
Fusion Event ◽  
Evolutionary Trap ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Chromosome Level

Abstract We report a chromosome-level assembly for Pieris macdunnoughii, a North American butterfly whose involvement in an evolutionary trap imposed by an invasive Eurasian mustard has made it an emerging model system for studying maladaptation in plant–insect interactions. Assembled using nearly 100× coverage of Oxford Nanopore long reads, the contig-level assembly comprised 106 contigs totaling 316,549,294 bases, with an N50 of 5.2 Mb. We polished the assembly with PoolSeq Illumina short-read data, demonstrating for the first time the comparable performance of individual and pooled short reads as polishing data sets. Extensive synteny between the reported contig-level assembly and a published, chromosome-level assembly of the European butterfly Pieris napi allowed us to generate a pseudochromosomal assembly of 47 contigs, placing 91.1% of our 317 Mb genome into a chromosomal framework. Additionally, we found support for a Z chromosome arrangement in P. napi, showing that the fusion event leading to this rearrangement predates the split between European and North American lineages of Pieris butterflies. This genome assembly and its functional annotation lay the groundwork for future research into the genetic basis of adaptive and maladaptive egg-laying behavior by P. macdunnoughii, contributing to our understanding of the susceptibility and responses of insects to evolutionary traps.

scholarly journals The Biology and Behaviour of Ptinus Tectus Bole. (Coleoptera, Ptinidae), A Pest of Stored Products

1942 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-305
Author(s):  
D. W. EWER ◽  
R. F. EWER
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

At 70% R.H. development of Ptinus tectus from egg laying to emergence from the cocoon is minimal at 23-25°C. and takes an average of about 62 days; at 15°C. the time taken is about 130 days. The minimum temperature at which complete development can occur is below 10°C. and the maximum is between 28 and 30°C.; considerable mortality occurs in eggs and larvae at 28°C. and the eggs require a humidity of 100% R.H. for hatching at this temperature. At 75% R.H. and above it is difficult to prevent moulds growing on the food of Ptinus. It appears that 70% R.H. is a satisfactory humidity for all developmental stages, but in air drier than this (at 25°C.) both eggs and larvae show an increased mortality and a prolonged development. The hatching of the egg, rather than embryonic development, seems to be sensitive to low humidity. Adults given food but not water live longer at 70% R.H. (27°C.) and at 90% R.H. (15°C.) than at lower humidities. At 25°C., below 70% R.H. feeding is much reduced if water to drink is not given; at 34% there is little feeding even when free water is available. Larval feeding is also reduced at low humidities. Oviposition soon ceases unless drinking water is available, at any rate at low humidities. Ptinus tectus is thus adapted to a temperate climate with a high humidity.

Parasitic Egg Laying in Redheads and Ruddy Ducks in Utah: Incidence and Success

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Unknown Number ◽  
Aythya Americana ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Ruddy Ducks ◽  
Ruddy Duck

Abstract North American Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) and Redheads (Aythya americana) lay eggs parasitically in other waterfowl nests. Interspecific egg parasitism at Farmington Bay Waterfowl Management Area (WMA), Utah during 1972-1974 affected 290 (36%) of 809 duck nests. Redheads deposited 812 eggs into 264 nests of other species, whereas Ruddy Ducks deposited 146 eggs into 62 nests. Of 620 Redhead eggs deposited interspecifically and for which success rates were known, 21% hatched, compared with 24% of 146 Ruddy Duck eggs. Forty-three percent of the Redheads and 7% of the Ruddy Ducks produced on the study site hatched from eggs deposited interspecifically. An unknown number of Redhead and Ruddy ducklings hatched from eggs deposited intraspecifically. Rates of egg parasitism in Redheads and Ruddy Ducks did not increase in response to severe fluctuations in water levels affecting habitat used by nesting waterfowl, nor was a lack of suitable nesting cover associated with Redhead or Ruddy Duck parasitism. These results counter the contention that parasitic tendencies in the Redhead, and perhaps the Ruddy Duck, are environmentally induced.

Some effects of different Plantago species on feeding preference and egg laying in the flea beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. (Chrysomelidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Hawthorn
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
The North

The differential feeding and egg-laying responses by overwintered adults of the North American chrysomelid beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. to native and introduced host plants of the genus Plantago were investigated. Adults exhibited a feeding preference for Plantago rugelii (native species) > Plantago major (introduced) > Plantago lanceolata (introduced). However, females fed P. rugelii and P. lanceolata laid fewer eggs than females fed P. major. In the field, D. borealis laid more eggs on P. major and more adults emerged from plants of this species than from P. rugelii. The ecological and evolutionary implications of feeding and egg laying on different food resources are discussed.

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