PALPAL TARSAL SENSILLA OF THE FEMALE MITE, VARROA JACOBSONI OUDEMANS (ACARI: VARROIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Liu ◽  
Ying-Shin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Varroa Jacobsoni ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Female Mite ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe structure, distribution, and type of sensory hairs on the palptarsus of female Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans were examined by scanning electron and phase contrast microscopy. The two large, peg-like setae with apical pores are chemoreceptor sensilla chaetica. The seven slender, round tipped setae, stained with crystal violet at the hair cuticle, are considered to be the chemoreceptor sensilla trichodea. A number of long hairs that did not stain with crystal violet are trichoid tactile setae. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed.

Comparison of the reflectance and Crystal Violet assays for measurement of biofilm formation by Enterococcus

Biofilms ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Broschat ◽  
D. R. Call ◽  
E. A. Kuhn ◽  
F. J. Loge
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Contrast Microscopy

In previous work, we described a protocol for measuring biofilm formation on opaque and non-opaque surfaces using reflected light. In the present work, we used the reflectance assay to assess biofilm formation for 14 strains of Enterococcus and compared our results with those obtained using a Crystal Violet (CV) assay. In general, the results for the two assays were in agreement: both identified the same Enterococcus strain as the highest biofilm-forming strain and the same two strains as the lowest biofilm-forming strains. However, two Enterococcus strains identified as high biofilm formers by the CV assay were not identified as such by the reflectance assay. A single numerical value was obtained for each of the reflectance assay results that corresponded well with the confluence of a biofilm (and presumably its depth) using phase contrast microscopy.

Description of the immatures of the predaceous midge Bezzia blantoni Spinelli & Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA M. RONDEROS ◽  
GUSTAVO R. SPINELLI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Fourth Instar Larva ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Breeding Location ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The fourth instar larva and pupa of Bezzia blantoni Spinelli & Wirth (1989) are described, illustrated and photomicrographed by using phase-contrast microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The larva, which shows features typical to carnivorous larvae, is compared with that of B. roldani Spinelli & Wirth. The species is recorded for the first time from the Martín García island, located in the La Plata river between Argentina and Uruguay. Details of the biology traits, breeding location and feeding behavior are given.

Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus alvei spores viewed by scanning electron and phase-contrast microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant St. Julian ◽  
Lee A. Bulla Jr. ◽  
Clifford W. Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus alvei spores were observed by scanning electron (SEM) and phase-contrast microscopy. Germination, seen in phase-contrast as the loss of retractility of the spore, appears in SEM as a partial collapse of the spore. This collapse parallels the long axis of B. thuringiensis and is perpendicular to that of B. alvei. Outgrowth is initiated when the spore begins to swell. During swelling, the outgrowing spore appears to collapse in SEM and, for B. thuringiensis, becomes gnarled. It then begins to elongate and during the elongation time the parasporal body of B. thuringiensis loses its refractility and swells. B. alvei has no parasporal body. As the cell pushes its way out of the sporangium, the phase-dark parasporal body loses definitive shape; the emerging cell may elaborate an enveloping structure seen only in SEM. This cell then divides into two vegetative cells that also are surrounded by a similar structure. Such an enveloping structure is not seen with B. alvei.

DETECTION OF ASCOSPHAERA APIS IN HONEY BEE LARVAE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) FROM EASTERN CANADA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gochnauer ◽  
S. J. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAscosphaera apis (Maassen ex Claussen) Olive & Spiltoir, the causal organism of chalkbrood disease in honey bees, has now spread to eastern Canada. Scanning electron and phase contrast microscopy showed that A. apis may be differentiated from A. major, with which it has been confused, by the surface structure of spore balls and by differences in the size of nutriocysts and spores. A. major does not occur in North America.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron and Phase-Contrast Microscopy of Bacterial Spores

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bulla ◽  
G. St. Julian ◽  
R. A. Rhodes ◽  
C. W. Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Scanning Electron and Phase-Contrast Microscopy of Bacterial Spores

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bulla ◽  
G. St. Julian ◽  
R. A. Rhodes ◽  
C. W. Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Influence of a Minimal Change in pH on Germination of Clostridium botulinum 52A in Media Containing Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate and Potassium Sorbate

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. WAGNER ◽  
F. F. BUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Treatment Culture

The influence of 0.4% sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) or 0.26% potassium sorbate (PS) on Clostridium botulinum 52A growth and toxicity from spores was studied at two pH levels 5.55 and 5.85. Absorbancy measurements at 630 nm were used in combination with microscopic evaluations and toxin analysis to compare effects of additives on normal cell development. Treatment cultures containing 0.4% SAPP and 0.26% PS at a higher pH of 5.85 showed no increase in absorbancy and no sign of toxicity, but elongated vegetative cells (≥9 μm) were observed using phase contrast microscopy rather than scanning electron microscopy. The SAPP–PS treatment culture at a lower pH of 5.55 displayed no signs of growth spectrophometrically or microscopically, as well as no toxicity. These data suggest that a SAPP–PS combination in a laboratory medium at pH 5.85 does not halt germination and outgrowth, yet may prevent cell division; whereas, the same treatment at pH 5.55 inhibits normal spore germination.

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