ON THE SYNONYMY OF NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDÆ

1880 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
A. R. Grote
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Good Order

I have recently been favored by Mr. Tepper and Mr. Graef with the sight of some of Mr. Morrison's types of Noctuidæ. A few of the specimens are in poor condition, too poor, I think, to have allowed them to serve as types. Others are in good order, and those I have here noted are quite easily recognizable. It will be thought extraordinary, from the determinations, that Mr. Morrison should have allowed himself to criticize any one for overlooking structural features in this group, or for re-describing species.

Weights of Ontario spruce grouse by sex, age, and breeding success

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Szuba ◽  
J. F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Adult Females

Weights of spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis) captured or shot in northeastern Ontario, mainly during the spring and summer of 1979–1982, are described and related to sex, age, with or without brood, and weights from other North American populations. Spruce grouse from Ontario are among the lightest in weight, but follow the general trend of lowest weight in spring and summer to highest weight in winter. During spring and summer, females lost proportionately more weight than males, suggesting that the reproductive period was more stressful for females. Males weighed least in May and June, and adults weighed more than yearlings. Adult females weighed more than yearlings in May. Females were lightest in June and July when females with chicks weighed less than those without. Adults gained weight earlier after their chicks hatched than yearlings, and more adults had broods. Among broodless hens, yearlings lost weight, but weights of adults were relatively stable. From a variety of comparisons, some yearling hens were at times in poor condition relative to adults.

scholarly journals THE NORTH AMERICAN BLUE BUTTERFLIES OF THE GENUS NOMIADES

1876 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Pacific Slope

Some years ago I proposed the generic name Glaucopsyche for a group of blue butterflies of eastern N. America having a glaucous sheen to the upper surface of their wings; I had not then recognized its strictly generic alliance with a group of similar forms in Europe and on our pacific slope, which do not all possess this peculiarity, and to which the older generic name Nomiades Hübn. must be applied. A recent study of their common structural features, however, shows that GlacoPsychw can no longer be retained.

Additional comments on the types and nomina of several North American ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus complex, Colubridae, Serpentes)

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ALEXANDER PYRON ◽  
STEVE GOTTE ◽  
FRANK T. BURBRINK
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Catalog Number ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Obsoletus Complex ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Here, we provide updates to our recent paper reviewing the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Eastern ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus complex, Colubridae, Serpentes). Specifically, we clarify that Coluber alleghaniensis Holbrook, 1836 is a subjective, rather than objective, senior synonym of Elaphis holbrookii Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854. Contrary to our statement that USNM 1733–4 were syntypes of Scotophis lindheimerii Baird & Girard, 1853, the former is the holotype and the latter is the paratype. The holotype is lost and the paratype is in poor condition, but no neotype designation is warranted at present. We note that USNM 248870, which we designated as the lectotype of Coluber obsoletus lemniscatus Cope, 1888, was originally cataloged as USNM 4710. This catalog number was shared with the type of the salamander Amblystoma tenebrosum Baird & Girard, 1852, and the snake was re-cataloged as USNM 248870 in 1985. Finally, we originally treated C. reticulatus La Cépède, 1789 and C. reticularis Daudin, 1803 as senior subjective synonyms of C. corais Boie, 1827, but here corroborate recent authors in designating it a senior subjective synonym of C. obsoletus Say in James, 1823. As the Commission suppressed C. reticulatus La Cépède, 1789 (an exoplonym), this subsequently rendered C. reticularis Daudin, 1803 (an exoploneonym) unavailable as well.

Revision of the Nearctic Liodessus affinis (Say 1823) species group (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Bidessini)

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
North American ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractNorth American members of the Liodessus affinis (Say 1823) species complex are revised. The species group comprises four species. Two new species are described: L. noviaffinis (type locality: Gainesville Forest Insect Lab, Alachua Co., Florida) and L. saratogae (type locality: Saratoga Springs, San Bernardino County, California). Liodessus obscurellus (LeConte 1852), formerly considered a junior subjective synonym of L. affinis, is given specific status. The following synonymies are established: L. affinis microreticulatus (Hatch 1928), L. charlottii (Clark 1862), L. emilianus (Clark 1862), L. erythrostomus (Mannerheim 1852), L. macularis (LeConte 1852), and L. nigrinus (Casey 1884) = L. obscurellus. All of these names were previously treated as junior subjective synonyms of L. affinis. Also, L. youngi (Larson & Roughley 1990) = L. abjectus (Sharp 1882). Lectotypes are designated for L. abjectus, L. charlottii, L. erythrostomus, L. emilianus, L. macularis, L. nigrinus, and L. obscurellus. A neotype is designated for L. affinis. Liodessus nanus (Aubé 1838) is considered a species name of uncertain status, but is probably a subjective synonym of L. affinis. A key is provided for the nine known species of North American Liodessus Guignot. The genus Liodessus is diagnosed, and its taxonomic history and questionable status as a natural group are discussed. The L. affinis complex is diagnosed, and its taxonomic history and natural history are discussed. Male genitalia are the only consistently useful structures known for differentiating species in the L. affinis complex. Females are not distinguishable based on currently known morphological features but may be identified using geographic information. Characters used previously, including coloration, punctation and general shape are too variable within and between species to be useful for species diagnosis or delimitation. For each species in the complex the following are provided: a bibliography of the species, discussion of type specimens, taxonomic history and synonymy, diagnosis, variation, etymology (for new species), geographic relationships, natural history, and geographic distribution. Distribution maps and illustrations of important structural features are provided for all species of the complex. For other Nearctic species of Liodessus the following are provided: a brief bibliography of the species, diagnosis, distribution, remarks about bionomics and/or taxonomy, and illustrations of important structural features.

Further Note on the Classification of the Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Benson
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

When I was revising the genera of the DIPRIONIDAE (Benson,1939), the British Museum had very scanty material of Neodiprion other than of the sole Palaearctic representative of the genus, N. sertifer (Geoffr.). The few North American specimens of the genus, only five females belonging to five species and a few unnamed males, were all ancient specimens in poor condition and pinned so as to obscure the shape of the scutellum. I had therefore to supplement my knowledge of Nearctic Neodiprion by information kindly sent to me by the late Miss Grace Sandhouse, gleaned from specimens in the collections at Washington. Atwood and Peck (1943), in dealing with long series of Canadian Neodiprion, have since found that the shape of the scutellum, as defined in my paper, is rather difficult to interpret and is liable to considerable individual variation.

scholarly journals Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5854
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Ghosh ◽  
Daniel L. Bryant ◽  
Anthony L. Farone
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.

Phylogenetic reappraisal and epitypification of Laccaria macrocystidiata (Hydnangiaceae, Basidiomycota)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO DOVANA ◽  
GABRIEL MORENO ◽  
ROBERTO PARA ◽  
CARMINE LAVORATO ◽  
MARCO MUCCIARELLI
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Basis ◽  
North American Taxon

Laccaria macrocystidiata, a marasmioid species, originally described as Laccaria affinis f. macrocystidiata from Central Italy, was synonymised with the North American taxon Laccaria laccata var. pallidifolia, but only on a morphological basis. In this paper, the independent position of L. macrocystidiata from L. laccata var. pallidifolia and other species of Laccaria is pointed out on the basis of ITS-LSU phylogenetic analyses. According to our results, Laccaria macrocystidiata var. longispinosa is considered a synonym of Laccaria macrocystidiata. Laccaria macrocystidiata holotype consists of only one basidioma in poor condition; thus, a new epitype from an Italian collection was designated.

Electron microscopy and diffraction studies of polyimides

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
O.C. de Hodgins ◽  
K. R. Lawless ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Polymeric Samples

Commercial polyimide films have shown to be homogeneous on a scale of 5 to 200 nm. The observation of Skybond (SKB) 705 and PI5878 was carried out by using a Philips 400, 120 KeV STEM. The objective was to elucidate the structural features of the polymeric samples. The specimens were spun and cured at stepped temperatures in an inert atmosphere and cooled slowly for eight hours. TEM micrographs showed heterogeneities (or nodular structures) generally on a scale of 100 nm for PI5878 and approximately 40 nm for SKB 705, present in large volume fractions of both specimens. See Figures 1 and 2. It is possible that the nodulus observed may be associated with surface effects and the structure of the polymers be regarded as random amorphous arrays. Diffraction patterns of the matrix and the nodular areas showed different amorphous ring patterns in both materials. The specimens were viewed in both bright and dark fields using a high resolution electron microscope which provided magnifications of 100,000X or more on the photographic plates if desired.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

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